Ayenga Russian

nkhani mafuta wakhala ankaona zofunika kwambiri kwa chuma cha dziko.

Mbiri yake ayenga Russia anayamba kuyambira 1745, kuyambira tsiku limene kampani woyamba linakhazikitsidwa pa mtsinje Ukhta abale Chumelovymi. Pa mtima wa mankhwala ake anagona wamba, koma zogwirizana kwambiri m'masiku amenewo, palafini, ndi lubricants ena.

Today makampani Russian mafuta kuyenga ndi chimodzi cha bwino kwambiri. Ambiri mwa makampani, ndi ang'ono ndi lalikulu, chifukwa phindu likuwonjezekabe ku processing "golide wakuda". Best wa onse, makampani anayamba m'chigawo chapakati cha dziko, komanso mu Tyumen ndi Chelyabinsk zigawo.

ayenga Russian kubala makamaka mafuta a nyali, dizilo, roketi, mafuta ndege, mafuta mafuta, mafuta galimoto, phula, mafuta coke, etc. Ambiri a iwo ali pafupi ndi zitsime za mafuta limene limathandiza makampani akuletsani ndalama zina mwa kundipatsako kwa zipangizo. Pambuyo processing, ndi chotsirizidwa ndi kutumizidwa ku wosuta mapeto.

Ntchito yaikulu, yomwe ikuchitika ayenga ku Russia - ndi wandiweyani mafuta kuyenga. kupanga mkombero nthawi wapangidwa zopangira kukonzekera ndondomeko, Woyambirira mafuta playout mamita recyclable tuzigawo twa monga othandizira akulimbana, kusintha, coking ndi hydrotreating kuphatikiza mafuta yotsirizidwa.

The ayenga waukulu mu Russia zili Central, Siberia ndi Volga m'maboma boma, yomwe peresenti kuposa makumi asanu ndi mphamvu za dziko. Izi ndi fakitale Neft-Omsk ndi Angarsky, Antipinsky (Tyumen) Afipsky (Krasnodar) Krasnoleninsky (Khanty- Mansyisk) Ufa (Bashkiriya) etc. Pa gawo la maphunziro a mtsogoleri Russian mu processing chachikulu cha mafuta ndi Bashkiria.

Russian mafuta fakitale kwakukulukulu anaonekera m'dziko lathu patatha nkhondo; pakuti nthawi maofesi 16 zinamangidwa pamaso 1965, poyimirira zopitirira theka la lero alipo. Komabe, mu nthawi ya kukonzanso chuma mu 1990s mu izi makampani anakumana ndi kuchepa kwambiri mabuku kupanga. Izi zikhoza anafotokoza kuti: pa nthawiyo kwambiri waponya mafuta mkati, chifukwa mu otsika khalidwe la mankhwala, motero otsika kuya koyefishienti processing, kugwa peresenti 67,4. Ndipo okha 1999 fakitale anatha kuyandikira mfundo za USA ndi Europe.

Only zisakuyenda m'magazini ino ndi noticeable yolimbikitsa chochitika chizindikiro zimene zinali ndalama kwambiri nefteperabotku kuti, chiyambi kuposa biliyoni 40 rubles mu 2006.

Ndinakulira kuya koyefishienti processing, chifukwa mu 2010, Vladimir Putin inaika lamulo analetsa kulumikiza anthu misewu yatsopano ayenga ku Russia, limene siinafike 70%, popeza kuti makampani awa inkafunika wamakono. chiwerengero cha mini-ayenga ku Russia lero abwera kwa mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu.

Ndipo pofika cha 2012 zakonzedwa kumanga waukulu fakitale Russia ndi mafuta, yomwe ili kumapeto kwa payipi kudutsa East Siberia ku Pacific Ocean, imene akuya processing mankhwala adzakhala 93 peresenti womwe mlingo anafika mu chomwecho makampani US .

Anthambi ambiri a makampani kuyenga mu dziko lathu ziri pansi pa ulamuliro wa makampani khumi zikuluzikulu monga "Rosneft", "Lukoil", "Bashneft", "Surgutneftegaz", "TNK-BP", "Gazprom", etc.