Leishmaniasis ndi chiyani? mitundu ya leishmaniasis

Nthawi zambiri anthu akukumana ndi matenda a khungu: ndi zidzolo limapezeka, bala likadali sizoonekeratu mtundu wa kuluma, koma mwanjira n'zachilendo. Nthawi zambiri udzudzu kuluma akhoza kungayambitse matenda, mtundu umodzi umene umadzetsa matenda monga leishmaniasis. Ndi za matenda ndi nkhani lero. Ndiye kodi leishmaniasis?

maganizo

Leishmaniasis - ndi matenda kumaonekera osati anthu komanso nyama. Nthumwi causative cha icho chiri chabe ngati Leishmania, ndipo imafalikira kudzera kulumidwa ndi udzudzu Lutzomyia.

Leishmania mogwirizana zimachitika makamaka m'mayiko otentha: Asia, Africa, America South.

Nthawi zambiri, magwero a matenda mwina kale kachilombo anthu, nyama canines (nkhandwe, afisi kapena mimbulu), kunyumba wamkulu, ndi makoswe.

Nthenda ndi nthawi yovuta machiritso ndondomeko, n'koopsa anthu komanso nyama - izo leishmaniasis. Kayendedwe ka moyo wa bakiteriya amene amayambitsa matenda yaitali kwambiri. Choyamba udzudzu onse kachilombo. Kenako, matenda afika mu dongosolo m'mimba, omwe si koma kucha kwa mtundu okhwima a leishmaniasis ndi kukhala mafoni flagellar mawonekedwe. KUCHULUKA mu mmero udzudzu pa kuluma watsopano, iwo kulowa mu pabalapo bwanji maselo zaminyewa kapena ziwalo za munthu kapena nyama.

Leishmaniasis: mitundu

Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda, ndipo aliyense mu njira yake ndi owopsa kwa thupi:

• Khungu.
• Slimy.
• Choipidwa leishmaniasis.
• Mucocutaneous.
• Viscerotropic.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za leishmaniasis

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda amaonedwa zilonda pa thupi la munthu. Awonekere mu masabata angapo kapena miyezi amaluma zamoyo zina tizilombo matenda. chizindikiro china chikhoza kukhala malungo, amene angayambe mu masiku angapo pambuyo kuluma. Nthawi angaphunzitse zokwanira, zina, ndi kwa pafupi chaka. Komanso, matendawa amakhudza chiwindi ndi ndulu, chifukwa mwina magazi m'thupi.

Mu mankhwala, chizindikiro cha leishmaniasis ndi kukulitsa a ndulu kuti: kukula, mukhoza kuposa chiwindi. Masiku ano, pali njira zinayi za leishmaniasis:

1. Choipidwa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu zovuta kwambiri za matendawa. Ngati mulibe kuyamba kulandira chithandizo mwamsanga, matenda ndi imfa.
2. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Chikhochi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu ambiri. Chikadzangotha kuluma ululu kuonekera mu malo ake. Chiritsani mawonekedwe matenda n'chotheka Patapita miyezi yochepa, ndipo ngakhale pamene anthu adzakumbukira za iye, kuyang'ana pa chilonda ku matenda.
3. Akakufunsani cutaneous leishmaniasis - mawonekedwe matenda ambiri, chikuoneka kwambiri akufanana khate, n'lovuta kwambiri.
4. Mucous mawonekedwe. Kuyambira ndi zilonda za pakhungu, amene kenako kuyambitsa kuwonongeka minofu, makamaka kwa pakamwa ndi mphuno.

Concept ndi zizindikiro za leishmaniasis choipidwa

Choipidwa Leishmaniasis - ndi mtundu wa matenda opatsirana chifukwa cha Leishmania. Pali malaise mu kafalitsidwe wa mtundu uwu mabakiteriya hematogenous njira kuchokera wofunika kwambiri pa matenda alionse a ziwalo: chiwindi, ndulu, lymph mfundo, ndipo ngakhale kuti m'mafupa. Yaying'ono-zamoyo mu thupi kuchulukitsa mofulumira, chifukwa kuwononga.

Nthawi zambiri matenda ndi ana. Nthawi makulitsidwe kale kwambiri, nthawi zina mpaka miyezi isanu. Disease akuyamba mayendedwe pang'onopang'ono, koma m'gulu la moyo, lomwe linachokera ku madera kuderako, matenda angathe mofulumira.

Zizindikiro choipidwa leishmaniasis ndi zachilendo. Pafupifupi milandu onse zimafanana: malaise, kufooka thupi lonse, ulesi, wathunthu kusafuna kudya. Malungo amayamba msanga kwambiri. Chitadutsa yoweyula, kutentha thupi angafikire madigiri 40. Kenaka pakubwera chikhalidwe pang'ono mpumulo umene kachiwiri agonjera ku kutentha, amene pambali kovuta kugogoda.

Mukhoza kuona zizindikiro za matenda khungu monga leishmaniasis choipidwa. zizindikiro zotsatirazi: wotumbululuka khungu ndi kum'chitira grayish ndipo nthawi zambiri kukha magazi. Samalani ndalama ndi dongosolo lymphatic - ndi lymph mfundo ndi kukula.

zizindikiro zazikulu za leishmaniasis choipidwa

Mbali yaikulu ya matenda ndi chilema koyamba, kumene kungakhale limodzi, choncho anayendera woyamba sangathe kuona. Ikukhala ngati pimple yaing'ono yasintha aposa flake. Kumachitika mu malo kumene adasandutsa analumidwa ndi tizilombo chonyamulira kapena nyama ku canine, thupi lomwe lili ndi wothandizila causative wa leishmaniasis choipidwa.

Zonse chizindikiro, zomwe mu malo oyamba ayenera kulabadira, ndi kukulitsa malire a ndulu ndi chiwindi. ndulu kuti mofulumira kwambiri kumawonjezera, ndipo patapita miyezi ingapo pambuyo matenda zingatenge lonse kumanzere mbali ya peritoneum lapansi. Pa zowawa za matupi kukhala wandiweyani, koma ululu ndi apo. Chiwindi ndi kuchuluka si mofulumira, koma zingaoneke chisokonezo kwambiri ku ntchito ya ku ascites.

Ngati chidwi ndi matenda mafupa, zizindikiro ndi kuwonetseredwa ndi thrombocytopenia ndi agranulocytosis, sipangakhalenso limodzi ndi zilonda zapakhosi. Chinthu choyamba chimene Tingaone mu thupi - ndi zikamera mofulumira mawanga akuda pigment.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

The matenda Leishmaniasis ndi ofanana kwambiri ndipo ali m'njira zosiyanasiyana, mmodzi wa iwo ndi cutaneous leishmaniasis. Kubalana wa tizilomboto kumachitika mu zimakhala za thupi la munthu, komwe Leishmania mofulumira kwambiri zipse ndi kuwasandutsa mphutsi bezzhgutikovyh. Akutchedwa malo chachikulu cha matenda, ndi mapangidwe granuloma. Amakhala ndi maselo zaminyewa ndi maselo plasma, macrophages ndi lymphocytes. kusokonezeka mankhwala zingachititse kusintha kwakukulu yotupa kuti angafikire lymphangitis kapena lymphadenitis.

Symptomatology wa cutaneous

Kutalika kwa nthawi makulitsidwe a leishmaniasis cutaneous ndi miyezi pafupifupi imodzi ndi theka. Sankhani kungakhale magawo angapo chachikulu cha matenda:

1. Maonekedwe a tubercle pa khungu ndi kuwonjezeka ake mofulumira. miyeso yake mkati masentimita 2.
2. Chilondacho limapezeka patapita masiku angapo. Choyamba, chimakwirira kutumphuka woonda amene kenako inathetsedwa, ndi padziko limapezeka wotumbululuka pinki pansi ndi kulira, chilonda anapanga ina. Chilonda m'mbali pang'ono anawuka ndipo lotayirira.
3. Zam'mimba. Patapita masiku angapo pansi pa chilonda kwathunthu chitakonzedwa wokutidwa ndi granulations, m'tsogolo zipsera zonse izi.

Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu za cutaneous

Pali osati maonekedwe a kumidzi komanso m'mizinda, ndi iwo ali osiyana kwambiri ndi mzake, koma m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti pali zina zofunika zimene zingathe kusiyanitsa iwo.

Mfundo yaikulu ndi yofunika kwambiri - ichi ndi mbiri yolondola ndi mokwanira. Nthawi yaitali pamalo a m'tawuni kapena akumidzi limasonyeza mokomera mawonekedwe a matenda. Okongoletsedwa mtundu zonse kumachitika m'njira yaikulu, koma mzinda akhoza kutenga onse a mitundu alipo.

Mucocutaneous mawonekedwe a matenda

Kuwonjezera mitundu pamwamba matendawa, pali wina zofala ndi woopsa kwambiri - ndi slimy khungu leishmaniasis (espundia). Ndi chifukwa cha udzudzu.

Ku tizilombo ting'onoting'ono mpaka zizindikiro woyamba wa matenda mpaka miyezi 3. Pa malo pamene munthu analumidwa ndi udzudzu, iwo anapanga chilonda kwambiri. Zimatengera mucosa, lymph ndi magazi zotengera. Zonsezi kumabweretsa mavuto kuipidwa kwambiri ndi aakulu, madokotala ananena zawo si zolimbikitsa.

leishmaniasis anthu chilichonse cha mitundu alipo n'zoopsa kwambiri, monga bwanji ziwalo, amene bwino anatumikira mankhwala, monga ndulu ndi chiwindi. Pachifukwa ichi, madokotala amalangiza poyamba mukumva akudwala, kupita ku chipatala mu magawo oyambirira a matenda kudzachiritsidwa mofulumira ndi kukhudza kochepa.

Palinso mitundu ina ya matenda leishmaniasis

Takambirana kale anafotokoza njira zoyambirira za matenda monga leishmaniasis, koma pali mitundu ingapo ya izo zikhoza kukhala ngati pafupipafupi, koma oopsa kwa anthu:

1. Yotsatana leyshmanioma - pamaso muchikombole pulayimale Kuwonjezera makhalidwe sekondale mu mawonekedwe a tinatake tozungulira yaing'ono.
2. Tuberculoid leishmaniasis. Photo odwala kusonyeza kuti zizindikiro za matenda kuonekera mu malo a mitundu chachikulu kapena malo kwa chilonda. Pa nthawi yomweyo chilema chachikulu amachititsa pamaso pa timabamputimabampu yaing'ono wotumbululuka chikasu, palibe lalikulu kuposa mutu wa singano.
3. Akakufunsani leishmaniasis. Izi mawonekedwe a matenda nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu anthu ndi chitetezo chokwanira otsika ndipo amakhala ndi yaikulu zotupa anam'peza wa khungu ndi ndondomeko aakulu.

leishmaniasis Kodi tikudziwa ndi momwe oterewa, fotokozani zina.

Zosiyanasiyana matenda a leishmaniasis

Matenda matenda a leishmaniasis mtima aikidwa pa maziko a deta AIDS ndi chithunzi matenda. Molondola kutsimikizira pamaso pa matenda chingatithandize matenda zasayansi. Leishmaniasis kuwulula njira zotsatirazi:

• Research pa mabakiteriya: kutenga kuchipala zilonda ndi timabamputimabampu.
• Tosaoneka Kupenda: wodwala akutengedwa chopaka kapena wakuda dontho. Njira imeneyi akhoza kudziwa kumene kuli Leishmania akuda ndi Romanovsky-Gimza.

• Anachita ndi biopsy a chiwindi ndi ndulu, mu Zikavuta kwambiri kuchita mafupa punctate.
• njira Serological monga RGC, IFA, ndi ena.

Njira molondola kudziwa pali yaikulu, ndipo aliyense wa iwo adzakusonyezani deta yolondola kwambiri ndipo akusonyeza pamaso pa anthu a matenda monga leishmaniasis. Matendawa kwa kanthawi kochepa adzaona zovuta matenda.

chithandizo

leishmaniasis, ndi mmene matenda icho chiri, ife kale anafotokoza. Tilankhure pang'ono za mmene wochititsidwa chithandizo.

Pamene choipidwa mtundu wa mankhwala pentavalent antimony ntchito:

1. "Pentostam". Iwo kutumikiridwa m'nsinga kwa wodwalayo, Pre-sitimadzipereka mu shuga 5% njira. Mankhwala Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito intramuscularly. The njira ya mankhwala kumatenga mwezi umodzi.
2. "Glyukantim". mankhwala ntchito monga momwe "Pentostam". Ngati matenda ndi mawonekedwe zovuta mlingo akhoza ziwonjezeke ndi zokulitsa chithandizo kwa mwezi wina, koma izo zikhoza kuchitidwa popanda chilolezo cha dokotala nawo.
3. "Solyusurmin". Mankhwala akhoza kutumikiridwa m'nsinga kapena intramuscularly, mankhwala ayenera kuyamba ndi 0,02 ga pa kulemera makilogalamu thupi. Pang'onopang'ono, pa masiku 20 mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwa 1.6 g / kg.

Komanso, pamene kwambiri mtundu wa matenda amapereka mankhwala chithandizo chabwino "Amphotericin B". Mlingo woyambilira wa 0.1 mg / kg. Pang'onopang'ono kumawonjezera koma osapitirira 2 ga patsiku. Atchule mankhwala m'nsinga, ake poyamba kusungunuka mu shuga njira.

Milandu yovuta kwambiri, pamene mankhwala onse ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi sanapereke zotsatira anakhumba, mankhwala opaleshoni - splenectomy. Pambuyo opareshoni zimenezi, wodwalayo mwamsanga abwelela wabwinobwino, koma ali chiopsezo matenda ena opatsirana.

Pamene khungu matenda mawonekedwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito yokonzekera zonse, ife tafotokozazi, ndi Komanso uzipereke Kutentha ndi ultraviolet walitsa.

Zotsatira za leishmaniasis

Kulosera tsogolo la matenda ndi mankhwala zotsatira pambuyo matenda opatsirana monga leishmaniasis, osokoneza. Ngakhale kuti choipidwa mawonekedwe chimaposa mavuto aakulu, ndi moyo wa wodwalayo ndi zoopsa kwambiri, ngati mankhwala yake ya matenda amaona ndipo sayambitsa mavuto ambiri kwa thupi.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, khungu maonekedwe, makamaka akakufunsani zosinthika, khungu akhoza kukhala ndi zipsera. Makamaka mokwanira Zikavuta Mwina kusintha mafupa.

zosokonezeka zotheka

zosokonezeka zotheka kwa leishmaniasis matenda (zithunzi za odwala matenda angapezeke mu nkhani yathu). Kenako nthendayo wapezeka ndi chithandizocho anayamba ndondomeko, ndi apamwamba chiopsezo mavuto aakulu. Pamene leishmaniasis Angawasandutse mawonekedwe zotsatirazi:

• Chiwindi kulephera, matenda enaake ndi ascites wolemedwa.
• Aakulu magazi m'thupi ndi mwiniwakeyo intravascular coagulation.
• aimpso amyloidosis.
• Zilonda pa akalowa pa mundawo m'mimba.

Pamene cutaneous matenda mavuto kugwirizana makamaka ndi Kuwonjezera wa matenda a sekondale. Umaonekanso mwa phlegmon m'dera ndi abscesses, koma palibe mankhwala bwino kakulidwe angathe mu mawonekedwe choopsa cha septic.

leishmaniasis ndi chiyani? Izi ndi lalikulu nthenda, amene ali zosiyanasiyana, omwe ndi okwanira oopsa kwa anthu. Koma pali njira zingapo za kupewa, zimene zingakuthandizeni kupewa matenda kapena kuteteza mawonekedwe ake aakulu.

kupewa matenda

Mfundo ambiri kupewa leishmaniasis ndi miyeso zozitetezera. Tiyenera kuyesetsa kudziteteza ku kulumidwa ndi udzudzu, amene ali ndi matenda a. M'pofunika kuchita disinfection zonse kudzamenyana ndi makoswe, kuti asiyanitse canines Pet kuti Atengedwa kulera nkhalango.

A kupewa mankhwala kokha kuthandiza kuteteza matenda cutaneous. Choncho, munthu amene anandituma m'madera kuderako, katemera.

Leishmaniasis - ndithu matenda amene amapha pafupifupi hafu miliyoni iliyonse chaka, kotero kuchitira iye ataimirira ndi udindo wonse ndi pa chizindikiro choyamba kuthamanga kwa dokotala. Only magawo oyambirira a matenda kuchiritsa popanda zotsatira zina.

Koma mu dziko lathu anayambitsa, kuti "ananyalanyaza matenda" onse osati ndalama zolipirira, palibe amene adzakhala katemera anthu, pamene munthuyo si kugula katemera ndi sanapemphe ake kulowa. Ndipo kotero likukhalira kuti nthendayo bwino kudziwika ndi kasamalidwe koyenera ka mankhwala si ndalama zokwanira. Choncho ndi bwino paokha kuchita zonse zotheka matenda.