The mitundu ikuluikulu kachitidwe chizindikiro. Chitsanzo cha chizindikiro dongosolo chinenero

Onse njira zamakono dziko wapangidwa ndi machitidwe ambiri osiyanasiyana. Ngati inu musaganizepo, kulingalira chabe kuti chirichonse chimene ife amakonda kuwerenga, kumvetsetsa ndi kutanthauzira - m'pamene. munthuyo nakhala ndi mayanjano awo wapadera kugwila, sitolo ndi kumvetsera nkhani.

Kuti khalidwe sanali ambiri, monga zosiyanasiyana zochitika mu dziko, nyumba apadera akhazikitsidwa. Kuti iwo adzayang'ana pa nkhaniyi, komanso kukhala chitsanzo wowala bwino dongosolo chizindikiro. mutu zinenero kudzakhala chidwi osati kwa akatswiri. Ndipo kuyamba akuyang'ana pa izo zonse kwa deta onse anazindikira mosavuta ndi chabe.

tanthauzo

Musanawerenge mwatsatanetsatane aliyense chitsanzo cha dongosolo zizindikiro, tikambirana kofunika kuti tanthauzo la zimene zodabwitsazi.

Choncho, dongosolo chizindikiro - wina ya zilembo zambiri zofanana ndi kapangidwe mkati ndi, kumlingo, mapangidwe malamulo osiyana, kutanthauzira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zake. ntchito yake yaikulu - kuonetsetsa gulu zonse ndi njira kulankhulana payekha.

Mu nkhani iyi, M'pofunikanso kukumbukira ndi zimene zoona, chizindikiro - zakuthupi chinthu, amene akukhala m'malo (umunthu) wa chinthu china, chodabwitsa, katundu. Kunalembedwa, kusungidwa ndipo pozindikira zambiri (yomwe ife timaitcha zambiri).

Mitundu kachitidwe chizindikiro

maphunziro ongolankhula wa semiotics m'kagulu alipo lero kuyendetsa dongosolo deta motere:

- zachilengedwe;

- wapakamwa;

- zinchito;

- wodziwika bwino;

- ochiritsira;

- dongosolo kujambula.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri ife ogwira pa mitundu ya pambuyo, taonani funso zotsatirazi - kodi ndi chinenero dongosolo chizindikiro. Padakali, cholinga pa muyezo umene iwo kuima.

umboni

Ife tikudziwa kale kuti dongosolo chizindikiro, koma umboni yodziwa tanthawuzo. Monga gulu waukulu kwambiri, sikuti zinthu zonse amatchedwa zizindikiro. Choncho kodi zizindikiro kuwalola zimenezi?

• Choyamba, dongosolo lililonse ayenera kukhala ogwirizana ndi anthu osachepera awiri.
• Chachiwiri, zinthu ayenera bungwe mogwirizana ndi mfundo zina.
• Chachitatu, zikamera wa zinthu zatsopano angathe kuchitidwa kokha pa mfundo zodziwika bwino.

Kuphunzira zizindikiro ndi machitidwe chizindikiro

Mafunso nyumba wodziwika bwino ndawala sayansi osiyana - semiotics. Pakati pake penipeni, ndi chilango m'malire zilankhulo, chiphunzitso zambiri, Chaanthu, mabuku, kuwerenga maganizo, zamoyo.

Kuphunzira semiotics amapangidwa pa mbali zitatu zazikulu, zimene ikhale malo a sayansi:

• Syntactics. Chinthu kuphunzira - malamulo cholinga cha machitidwe chizindikiro, ubale zinthu zawo, dongosolo ndi osakaniza maphunziro.
• Manenedwe. Iwo akuyendayenda tanthauzo, mwa kulankhula kwina, kuganizira ubale chizindikiro ndi tanthauzo lake.
• Pragmatics. Ikufotokoza ubale pakati pa dongosolo ndi zisudzo zake.

Mbali imodzi yeniyeni kuphunzira - ndi semiotics chikhalidwe. Mfundo imeneyi chifukwa chakuti azikhalidwe pali zambiri opatsirana kudzera mwa zizindikiro. Childs, izi amanena malemba. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti malemba a chikhalidwe pakati sayansi ndi mtundu uliwonse wa atolankhani.

Language monga dongosolo la zizindikiro semiotics

Tonse kuthana tsiku lililonse ndi chinenero. Mwina simunayambe ndinaganiza za izo, koma mawu omwe anapangidwa kuchokera mawu, syllables ndi makalata (zikumveka kulankhula) - dongosolo lonse. Semiotics akuupereka kumasulira kwake zochuluka.

Language - chosaiwalika mapangidwe, akutumikira yosungirako ndi kufala mphamvu zambiri, ndi chikhalidwe thupi. Nchito yake - kukambirana ndiponso kudziwitsana zinthu zosiyanasiyana anthu.

Nayenso ntchito zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana khalidwe, monga galamafoniyo chinenero chamanja, shorthand, mu chimango cha chinenero Morse ndi ena. Zinenero semiotics - chifukwa i kwambiri zowombetsa mkota - ali lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu zachilengedwe ndi yokumba. Tipitirize wofufuza mutu umene ndi dongosolo chinenero chamanja.

Semiotics a chinenero

Monga mukuonera, ndi chinenero - wapafupi kwa ife chitsanzo cha eg chikhomo. Komanso, iye semiotics ndi wofunika kwambiri chododometsa, lofunika kwambiri mwa machitidwe ena wothandiza. Language si njira zambiri, mawu ndi kapangidwe ndi malingaliro, kutengeka, njira ya Mawu, mwachitsanzo osiyanasiyana ntchito anachita kwambiri lonse.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, kuyerekezera, kachitidwe wapadera chizindikiro (by njira, iwo amakhala yokumba) zimafalitsa malire ndi mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mfundo, kapena transcoding ake.

Features ndi ukulu wa ntchito chinenero poyerekeza ndi mayunitsi apadera a. Zingamvekere mwamtheradi m'madera onse a zinthu za sayansi ndi zothandiza. Apadera chomwecho chosaiwalika nyumba mwake, uzkonapravlen.

Language anapanga akufotokozera pa ntchito, kumvera malamulo zoweta ndi makhalidwe awo. Special machitidwe chizindikiro ndi chifukwa cha pangano umodzi wa anthu yokumba kwathunthu.

Natural ndi yokumba zilankhulo

mbali chinenero poyerekeza ndi maboma ena ali onse zambiri. Ife ananenanso kuti muyezo waukulu wa gulu la zilankhulo m'gulu iwo mu yokumba ndi masoka. Tsopano yang'anani izi mitundu iwiri ya chinenero pang'ono.

Choncho, chinenero zachilengedwe - amene anabwera ndi munthu. chitukuko akupezeka mwachibadwa, munthu izo sizikupanga kanthu sadziwa.

About zinenero yokumba, ngati wina akhoza ndikuganiza, kuti iwo purposefully analenga machitidwe anthu zolinga apadera. Kupanga machitidwe yokumba chifukwa chakuti zina, inefficient kapenanso kosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito njira zinenero achilengedwe.

Pa funso la zilankhulo yokumba

Ife anaphunzira zambiri kupendanso mutu wakuti: ". Language pamene dongosolo zizindikiro" Ankaona kuti chochititsa chidwi zinenero yokumba. Gawo lawo kumaphatikizapo ngati boma-mitundu, monga:

- zinenero anakonza - njira kulankhulana mayiko; ndi wothandiza ntchito; izi ndi odziwika Chiesperanto, yomwe inayamba ku atumwi wotsiriza chidwi tikuyamba;

- wophiphiritsa chinenero - zizindikiro masamu, thupi lomveka, mankhwala;

- chilankhulo cha anthu-makina kulankhulana - zikuphatikizapo zinenero mapulogalamu.

Semiotics sayansi

phunziro limeneli m'pamene mutu wa sayansi wapadera - semiotics, yomwe ikufotokoza za chiyambi, kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya machitidwe osiyanasiyana kusunga ndi kupereka mfundo. Semiotics amaphunzira zachilengedwe ndi yokumba zilankhulo, komanso mfundo kupanga maziko a dongosolo la zizindikiro zonse.

Science amafufuza chinenero m'lingaliro yotakata, ndiye kuphimba zonse achibadwa ndi yokumba. Natural imatengedwa kuti ndi mawerengeredwe machitidwe chachikulu. zinenero Secondary komanso ndi chikhalidwe, chifukwa mwa iwo anthu ndizicheza zambiri, nzeru komanso atazindikira yaikulu m'dzikoli.

Secondary machitidwe mawerengeredwe mosiyana amatchedwanso zizindikiro chikhalidwe. Chitsanzo cha dongosolo chizindikiro - malamulo chikhalidwe: malemba chikhalidwe, kupatulapo chinenero achilengedwe. Kumvetsa zinthuzo, m'pofunika kutchula zitsanzo za konkire. Motero, dongosolo la makhalidwe, achipembedzo malemba, zikhulupiriro, miyambo mayunitsi (zinthu, ntchito) luso - zonsezi sekondale mawerengeredwe kachitidwe.

m'magulu otere zimamangidwa m'chifanizo cha chinenero masoka, koma ntchito ngati yokumba: m'munda wina wa ntchito, chifukwa nzeru tsatanetsatane. kachitidwe chizindikiro anaphunzira pa cholinga, ena mwa iwo alipo yekha mu magulu ena chikhalidwe. Yerekezerani, tiyeni tikumbukire chinenero kuti zachilengedwe - katundu konsekonse.

Luso Tsatanetsatane, mbali Zitsanzo

Kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino, ife anayang'ana pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana zokhudza mutu anapatsidwa - dongosolo chizindikiro, zitsanzo zake, gulu matanthauzo. Tsopano tiyeni tione pang'ono a mitundu, kupereka zitsanzo zolinga fanizo. Sizidzatsekedwa okha chinenero.

- Natural zizindikiro - zochitika zachilengedwe zinthu zina zimene ife angalozere kwa zinthu zina zochitika, akutsutsa kuwunika. Iwo amanyamula zokhudza mmene nacho. Koma iwo angatchedwe makhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro cha moto kusuta. Bwino kuwamasulira iwo, muyenera kukhala nacho ndi zina zambiri.

- Zizindikiro wodziwika bwino - iwo amene ali zifanizo za zinthu ndi zochitika kuti kusonyeza. Apo ayi, mukhoza kuwatcha zizindikiro zithunzi. Nthawi zambiri analenga chongopeka mwadala kukupatsa mawonekedwe khalidwe. zitsanzo zabwino za zizindikiro zithunzi tikuona mu nyimbo: ndi onyenga a bingu, birdsong, phokoso mphepo, etc. Kuti yekha sankachita mawonekedwe, ndi muyezo ena - zakuthupi ...

- Zizindikiro zinchito - okhawo amene ali ndi ntchito wanzeru. Zizindikiro za kuchita anthu monga iwo mu ntchito zawo. Iwo atha kutumikira ngati mwatsatanetsatane pa zimene mungathe kudziwa za limagwirira onse. chakuti mphunzitsi amatsegula kalasi magazini, ndi chizindikiro chomwe chikubweracho ophunzira kafukufuku. Other, mfundo yachiwiri zizindikiro ntchito amalembedwa pa zizindikiro - mphaka wakuda anathamanga kudutsa msewu - kuti vuto, horseshoe kumabweretsa chimwemwe.

- Zizindikiro ndi mwachilengedwe: izo walembapo kachitidwe chenjezo. Ife tonse tikudziwa mfundo za magalimoto mitundu kuunika, mwachitsanzo.

- ochiritsira zizindikiro - yokumba, olengedwa mwa anthu amanena kuti zochitika zina. Ndi zoti nkhaniyi sali ofanana. Choncho mtanda wofiira - zikutanthauza ambulansi Mbidzi - oyenda kuwoloka, etc ...

- wapakamwa chizindikiro machitidwe - amalankhula. Pa chinenero monga dongosolo chizindikiro talankhulazi payokha. Chitsanzo cha dongosolo chinenero chamanja ife tatchula pamwambapa.

- Zizindikiro - analoza chinthu kapena chodabwitsa zizindikiro yaying'ono, ndi kukhala ndi phindu lachiwiri. ntchito yawo - kudziwa zinthu zingapo za izi. Chitsanzo: nthano ya mapu, zizindikiro boma - mbendera, chizindikiro ndi nyimbo.

- akalozera - yaying'ono kalembedwe wa zinthu ndi zochitika. Nthawi zina iwonso mawonekedwe ofanana ndi chinthu kalembedwe.

Pomaliza

M'nkhaniyi, ife anakhudza mutu waukulu kwambiri:, andzesera zitsanzo "dongosolo chizindikiro Kodi", komanso payokha tcheru kuti chinenero. Gawo tinakambirana zogwirizana gawo lino la chitukuko cha semiotics.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe chinenero monga dongosolo chizindikiro, ntchito chinenero ndi cholinga cha ntchito zake, ifenso anatsindika. Mu yomweyi, tinaona gulu ambiri kachitidwe chinenero - iwo ali opangidwa ndi masoka. Ndipo anapeza kuti chinenero - dongosolo chizindikiro, amene akutumikira kusunga, kusamutsa ndi zambiri mphamvu. Tikukhulupirira, linguistically-semiotic nkhani zinali zosangalatsa kwa inu!