Russian mabuku a zaka 14-15

Pamene anayandikira apogee kwa Northern Kubadwa Kwatsopano, anali otsika kwambiri mlingo wa chitukuko cha luso Russian ndi mabuku asangalala chikhalidwe Italy ndi mabuku a High Kubadwa Kwatsopano, ndi kumpoto kwa Ulaya, ku Germany ndi Holland.

Mu zaka 14-15th Russian ukulu anayamba kugwedeza kwa mapewa awo phulusa yaitali ndiponso yopweteka Chitata Mongol goli. N'zosadabwitsa kuti nthawi imeneyi chosiyana ndi mabuku Mbiri mibadwo ya mdima.

Russian mabuku oyambirira

Medieval Literature Russian maukulu makamaka tichipeza mbiri, ambiri amene ali anonymous, ndipo miyoyo ya oyera. Wapakamwa wowerengeka mabuku a akale Russia inkakhala nkhani ndi nyimbo. Literature 14-15 zaka, motero, imakhala mabuku m'kamwa, mbiri ndi Lives. Mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 15, ndi kuchita chidwi ndi nthano ena ndi ntchito.

Wapakamwa zilandiridwenso (kapena folklore) - gulu wowerengeka luso, wadutsa kuchokera mkamwa pakamwa. M'nthano transmits miyambo ndi worldview anthu, kulenga zithunzi wapadera ndipo motsatana m'chiganizo. Mwa Mitundu akuluakulu a Russian wowerengeka luso kukopa wapadera pa pofuna kukwaniritsa mabuku epics, nkhani ndi mbiri yakale nyimbo.

Mitundu ya folklore

Mosiyana ndi mabuku olembedwa, amene anali wonyong'onya ndi pafupifupi kwathunthu zachipembedzo, mabuku m'kamwa wa zaka 14-15 mu Russia anali odzaza zosiyanasiyana ndipo Mitundu. Kuti anapulumuka ntchito za amalonda mwambo, epos, nthano, ndi kumene, odziwika miyambi mawu, zoseketsa, ndi lullabies.

Bylina - polemba chinenero choyambirira cha folklore Russian, choyambirira buku la epic zozizwitsa, kumene kumasonyeza weniweni zikayenda mbiri ndi anthu. Epics nthawi zambiri wodzilemekeza ndi mfundo za zopeka ndi exaggerates mphamvu ya ngwazi.

Nkhani - nkhani zopeka kapena epics, retold m'njira yosavuta komanso moganizira zochita kapena zinazo, zimalimbikitsa otchulidwa nthano ndi matsenga.

Mbiri nyimbo - ndi mtundu wanyimbo la nthano inkayenda m'nthawi ya 14 ndi akuimira rethinking a epic lapansi. Zimatamanda zochitika zofunika mbiri ndi khalidwe nawo.

zolembedwa

Literature zaka 14-15 anali mtundu wapadera - ntchito onse, kuphatikizapo m'masiku chachikulu, amonke pamanja. Books anali ochepa, ndipo mochitika sizinachitike akufalitsa kunja kwa mpingo.

Kuwonjezera zovuta za mapepala kukopera, mabuku 14-15 zaka Russia ndi pafupifupi ayi anakumana ndi mfundo kukopera - aliyense wa Chimonko, rewriting ntchito mukhoza kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa mbali imene pa nthawi ankaona kutero. Choncho, palibe ntchito zolembedwa pamaso pa m'ma 16, zomwe zinali chimodzimodzi mu chibwereza.

akatswiri a zinenero zambiri ndipo akatswiri zolembalemba akuganiza kuti ena m'masiku kupangidwa ndi zilandiridwenso losonkhanitsidwa. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi zinenero stylistic kusatsatira mkati limodzi ndi ntchito yomweyo. Zimenezi zikugwira mbiri osati kokha, komanso moyo wa oyera.

Polemba chinenero kugwirizana ndi kuchuluka maganizo

mabuku Russian 14-15 zaka, ndipo ngakhale mpaka zaka 17-18, izo zachitika conservatively kwambiri. miyambo zolembalemba ikuluikulu ya kulemba chofunika ntchito mu mtundu wanyimbo ena. Choncho, stylistic ndi mtundu wanyimbo makhalidwe a ntchito zasintha osati mwadzidzidzi, koma bwino, ngati akutulukira kwa mnzake. Zinali choncho youma ndi wowuma mpingo mabuku anakhala maganizo ndi pafupi kwa anthu.

Zimawononga zotsatira Chitata goli kwambiri wodabwa pamene mlimi yosavuta kapena mmisiri ndi wasayansi achipembedzo mmonke. Mu maliro limodzi, chisoni wamba ndi kupanduka wosatha anabadwa latsopano Russian mabuku zaka 14-15, yophatikiza unsembe wouma ulaliki Mbiri miyoyo ya chinenero olemera, komanso zithunzi ndiponso unzika m'kamwa mwambo.

Heritage mabuku oyambirira

Monga Chikhristu, ndiponso kulemba mabuku anabwera kwa maukulu Russian kuchokera kunja, izi mwina chifukwa umboni woyamba ndi miyoyo ya kotero ofanana Byzantine ndi mochititsa wosiyana folklore ndi. Ngakhale chinenero cha mbiri ya ziume bwinobwino, wowerengeka songs, nkhani ndi epics, ngakhale anthu wamba, wodzala ndi zithunzi ndi kusungidwa mosavuta.

ophunzira ambiri ndi otsutsa, makamaka Slavophiles ndi mbali ya malingaliro awo, dziwani kuti mabuku Russian za masiku ano, kuphatikizapo golide wa zikope zake, alitcha m'maganizo ake osati wapadera moyo Russian, zinali zodabwitsa bwanji zosayembekezereka, kuphatikiza mawu wouma mfundo, ndi wopembedza kwambiri ndi zithunzi olemera mabuku akale. chakuti m'zaka 11 panali zosagwirizana, monga kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi, mu zaka 14-15 anali losanganikirana.

Mabuku oyambirira ndiye gwero ambiri mzimu Russian. malingaliro National, dziko labwino pachiyambi, onse chimene chimasiyanitsa lero Russian mabuku, anabwera kuchokera zana loyamba kwambiri linakhalapo. Kuti mabuku 14-15 zaka kunathandiza kuti nkhani zazikulu za Pushkin, Gogol nkhani ndi ndakatulo ya Lermontov, amene nawonso, ndi mphamvu zake zoyambirira pa tsogolo chikhalidwe Russian zosaneneka.