Nthawi - yotani? Tanthauzo. "New Kuwerengera" Fomenko ndi G. Nosovskiy

Mbiri ya anthu wakhala chidwi understatement ake. Akulu ndi ena Ndipotu linanso wake wa nkhambakamwa ndi zolakwika. Mwazina, anawonjezera chinthu anthu ndi zofuna za olamulira.

Ndi pansi ngati wamba ndi kumanga "limafotokozera latsopano". Kodi wapadera za chiphunzitso chimenechi, anautsa zambiri za maphunziro a?

Kodi dongosolo?

Pamaso tikukamba za nthambi atsopano mu sayansi mbiri, ndi kudziwa zimene mibadwo m'njira yakale.

Choncho dongosolo - ndi wothandiza sayansi kuti amachita zinthu zingapo.

Choyamba, amadziŵa pamene pali chochitika.

Kachiwiri, potsatira ndondomeko yake ndiponso malo nkhaniyo pamlingo liniya wa zaka.

Iwo agawidwa m'madipatimenti angapo - zakuthambo, miyala ndi limafotokozera mbiri.

Onse m'madipatimenti ameneŵa waika yakeyake njira chibwenzi ndi kafukufuku. Zikuphatikizapo chiŵerengero cha kalendala a zikhalidwe zosiyana, radiocarbon chibwenzi, njira thermoluminescent, obsidian hydration chibwenzi, stratigraphy, dendrochronology, ndi ena.

Ndiko kuti, dongosolo chakale anamanga zinayendera pa pophunzira mwatsatanetsatane. Iye anati zotsatira za ntchito asayansi osiyana ndi kokha pa nkhani ya mtanda kutsimikizira mfundo zimapangitsa chigamulo chomaliza.

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane pa nkhani zina kumayambiriro aja. Fomenko, Nosovskiĭ ndi ndani? "New Kuwerengera" - ndi zoyerekeza-sayansi kapena mawu atsopano mu phunziro la mbiri ya anthu?

Mbiri ya chiyambi

Ambiri, chiphunzitso, olemba amene ali Fomenko, Nosovskiĭ ( "New Kuwerengera"), zochokera maphunziro ndi anapezazo, N. A. Morozova. Otsiriza, kukhala m'ndende ku St. Petersburg, anapanga mawerengedwe a malo a nyenyezi, akutchulidwa mu Chivumbulutso. Malinga ndi iye anaonekera kuti bukuli zinalembedwa m'zaka za zana lachinayi AD. Osati pang'ono manyazi, iye anati chinyengo mu mbiri ya dziko lapansi.

Olemba "New Kuwerengera" akalambula Morozova mukukhulupirira Garduena Akatolika ndi wasayansi Isaaka Nyutona, amene anayesa kupendanso ndi recalculate mbiri ya anthu.

Choyamba, pa kudziŵa philological, Ine kumufotokozera kuti mabuku onse wakale lidalembedwa Zapakati. Newton pamsonkhano kuti m'mbiri yakale. Anawerenga zaka za ulamuliro wa Farao pa mndandanda wa Manetho. Kuweruza ndi zotsatira za maphunziro ake, mbiri ya dziko lapansi ali chinachepa ndi zaka zoposa zitatu.

Pakuti "innovators" akhoza zimachitika Edvina Dzhonsona ndi Robert Baldauf amene anali kunena kuti anthu oposa angapo zaka mazana.

Choncho Morozov amatenga kanjedza wosangalatsa mwamtheradi pa azitsatira limafotokozera ake. ndi zaka chikwi wa mbiri chiyani? Bodza! Stone Age - ichi AD I atumwi, atumwi chachiwiri - nyengo ya mkuwa, lachitatu - ndi Iron Age. Kodi inu simukudziwa? Ndipotu, magwero mbiri rigged mu nthawi ino!

Tiyeni tione pa mfundo imeneyi zachilendo ndipo tione yotsutsa ake.

chikhazikitso

Malinga Fomenko, "New Kuwerengera" amasiyana ndi makolo mu kuti ndi ufulu wa chinyengo ndi zolakwa. kamba Aika monga postulates asanu okha.

Choyamba, kwambiri kapena zochepa tinganene kuti chomveka magwero patangopita olembedwa kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. Izi zisanachitike, kuyambira zaka khumi ndi ntchito ayenera kulandira chithandizo mosamala. Ndipo mpaka m'ma chakhumi, anthu sankadziwa mmene kulemba.

deta onse pofukula angathe kutanthauziridwa monga katswiriyu akufuna phindu motero m'mbiri, iwo Musatenge.

Kachiwiri, kalendala European ndi anaonekera ndi m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu. Izi zisanachitike, mtundu uliwonse anali kalendala yake ndi mfundo za chiyambi. Kuyambira chilengedwere dziko lapansi, ku chigumula, ndi kubadwa kapena kukwera wachifumu wa wolamulirayo ...
mawu zimachitika ku nkhani yolembedwa izi.

Chachitatu, zambiri mbiri pa tsamba la mbiri yakale, Mfundo ndi ntchito zina alipo osapembedza. Choncho, dongosolo Nosovskiy ananena kuti kwambiri za zochitika zinachitika m'mbiri yakale ya oyambirira Ages Middle kapena mtsogolo. Koma chifukwa mismatch wa kalendala ndi mfundo Buku ntchito yomasulira, nkhani si bwino ankachitira ndi udrevnyalas mbiri.

Kuwerengera Traditional cholakwika zaka chitukuko kum'maŵa ndi mfundo Buku mbiri ya anthu. Kuweruza ndi zopanda yapita, China ndi India sangadalire kuposa zaka zikwi za mbiri.

Makonzedwe yamasika mu chinthu anthu ndi kudzipereka kwa boma kuti koletsedwa okha. Akuti Fomenko, olembedwa dongosolo la ulamuliro uliwonse pansi pa iye, ndipo deta wakale achotsa kapena kuwonongedwa. Choncho, sikutheka kuti limvetse mokwanila mbiri. Chinthu chokha chimene wodalirika, ndi "mwangozi anamwalira kapena zidutswa anapulumutsidwa." Zikuphatikizapo mapu, masamba a mbiri osiyana ndi zikalata zina, kutsimikizira chiphunzitso.

mkanganowo zochokera malemba

Umboni waukulu ku malowa ndi "N'zokayikitsa" m'chifanizo cha Nthawi zinayi za mbiriyakale ndi zochitika m'mbiri ya repeatability.

nthawi kiyi ndi zaka 330, mu 1050 ndi 1800. Zimenezo, ngati inu kuchotsapo zochitika akale ndi chiwerengero cha zaka ife anathamangira mu zochitika zonse zoletsedwa.

Kuyambira lero lachokera kwa mwangozi zosiyanasiyana kanjedza mbiri, limene, mogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso Fomenko, ali mmodzi ndi munthu yemweyo.

Mu mfundo ngati anasintha dongosolo la Ukraine, Russia ndi Europe. magwero kwambiri zotsutsana ndi chanyalanyazidwa kapena anatchedwa chinyengo.

zakuthambo njira

Pamene mikangano angabuke amalanga ena, akuyesera kuti akope apeza wa sayansi ofanana.

Malinga Fomenko, "New Kuwerengera" cheke kwambiri ndi kutsimikizira postulates ake pogwiritsa ntchito mapu wakale zakuthambo. Mwa kuphunzira zolemba izi, izo amaipidwa ku kadamsana (dzuwa ndi mwezi), kutchulidwa kwa comets ndi zoona, fano la magulu a.

Ndiwo, ozikidwa pa umboni, ndi "Almagest". lonena iyi, imene inali ku Alesandriya Klavdiy Ptolemey mu zaka za m'ma AD chachiwiri. Koma Fomenko anayamba kuphunzira mpukutuwu unalembedwa kuti zaka mazana anai mtsogolo, kuti ndi osachepera zaka za m'ma chimodzi.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pofuna kutsimikizira chiphunzitso cha "Almagest" anatengedwa nyenyezi zisanu ndi zitatu zokha (ngakhale chikalata cholembedwa zoposa zikwi). Okhawa anayesedwa "Chabwino," ndi zina - "wopeka."

The umboni waukulu wa chiphunzitso kuchokera amazionera a kadamsana akutumikira Libya nkhani za Peloponnesian nkhondo. Pali zalembedwa mavuto atatu: awiri dzuwa ndi chimodzi mwezi kadamsana.

The nsomba ndi Tito Livy analemba za zochitika pa chilumba lonse, ndipo anati, "tsiku akhoza kuona nyenyezizo." Ndiko kuti, kadamsana sinali. Kungoona zina, mu Athens pa nthawi imeneyo anati tsankho kadamsana.

Kuchokera pa inaccuracy ichi, Fomenko ananena kuti kumvera ndi mtima wonse ndi deta ya Libya anali kokha khumi m'ma AD. Chifukwa cha ichi, basi Zosintha mbiri yonse yakale ndi zaka theka kubwera.

Ngakhale kuti zambiri za magulu a deta chikugwirizana ndi "chikhalidwe" nkhani, ozikidwa pa dongosolo la dziko, si zomveka. magwero zonsezi ananena kuti "dokotala" mu Ages Middle.

Umboni ku maphunziro ena a sayansi

Zilibe umboni mlandu lonse dendrological Novgorod, omwe anatsimikizira pa zikwi zitsanzo. Gulu Fomenko amakhulupirira deta izi woyenera pansi mbiri falsified.

Komano, ndi pansi kusanthula kuukira radiocarbon. Koma wopezeka adiresi lake losemphana. njira yonse pa olakwika nthawi Komanso, pamene iwo kufufuzidwa m'badwo wa angabise wa Turin. Zinali ndiye kuti zonse "mwachita molondola ndi chikhulupiriro chabwino."

Zimene "Kukaika" yochokera "New Kuwerengera"

Tiyeni tiwone, kodi aliyense nsikidzi Fomenko ndi gulu la sayansi chikhalidwe. Nkhondo yaikulu ndi njira zofufuzira mbiri. Ndipo amapezeka pa nkhani yolembedwa "awiri mfundo." Pankhani ya sayansi maphunziro kapena njira amayesedwa falsification mwa mafani monga "New Kuwerengera" Iye ndi yekhayo yolondola imodzi.

The kukayikira choyamba pansi mabuku limafotokozera. Zochokera Zolemba za, mbiri ndiponso malamulo akuluakulu Fomenko ndi Morozov kulenga chiphunzitso chake. Koma mamiliyoni masamba a makalata yosavuta, zikalata malonda ndi zina "otchuka" zolemba amanyalanyazidwa.

"Scaliger" chibwenzi anathetsa chifukwa ntchito nyenyezi, ndi ena ofufuza sanali kuganizira.

zikalata ambiri ananena yabodza. chiweruzo n'kozikidwa pa chakuti nkomwe kusiyanitsa gwero la malemu Ages Middle ku mwambo wakale. Kuchokera pa falsifications ndi odziwika limapezeka nkhani yolembedwa za kusadalirika mabuku onse, "amati analengedwa kuti Zakachikwi m'ma loyamba."

Koma chachikulu umboni m'munsi pa azitsatira "New Kuwerengera" Fomenko Nosovskiĭ ndi kumanga pa moyandikana chikhalidwe kale ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano.

Events oyambirira Ages Middle, pamene izo aiwala ambiri a chidziwitso wakale, amayesedwa zamkhutu ndi zopeka. Gulu Fomenko amanena kuti pali umboni illogic umenewu chitsanzo.

Choyamba, sikutheka "kuti aiwale" kenako basi "kukumbukira" malo onse a sayansi.

Chachiwiri, amatanthauza "kubwezeretsa" zaka deta kafukufuku zapitazo? Kusunga nzeru ayenera sukulu sayansi pamene mfundo kuchoka mphunzitsi wophunzira.

Kuyambira kumvetsa zimenezi ndi anapeza kuti mbiri yonse ya amakedzana - izo basi chongopeka ancientizing zochitika akale.

Makamaka chidwi dongosolo la gulu Fomenko Russian. Pazimene selo ndi zokhudza akuti alipo akale ufumu "khans Russian" imene yokutidwa lonse la Europe ndi ku Asia.

ambiri kutsutsa sayansi

A zambiri asayansi samagwirizana ndi postulates atapereka ndi "New Kuwerengera". Kodi Mwachitsanzo, "kusiya zolakwika ziphunzitso sayansi"? Iwo likukhalira kuti yekha Fomenko, potengera zolemba za Morozov ali ndi "woona ndiye" kudziwa zinthu.

Ndipotu, pali zinthu zitatu zimene kwambiri kusokonezedwa ndi munthu aliyense olongosoka.

Choyamba, kukana dongosolo mwambo, gulu Fomenko Choncho effaces a sayansi onse ambiri, amene mwa njira zina zikutsimikiziridwa ndi deta maphunziro. Ndiko kuti, akatswiri a zinenero, zakale numismatists, Akatswiriwa, Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe ndi akatswiri ena kwathunthu wosalakwa sindikumvetsa, koma kumanga kungoganizira awo, zochokera mfundo zolakwika.

Nkhani yachiwiri ndi umboni amamvekera malo ambiri. Tikuyankhula zokhudza msinkhu umodzi, kutsimikiza mapu a thambo liri chosiyana nyengo. Choncho, mfundo onse anasintha kwa chimango ankafuna.

Iwo monga mismatch amati "mobwerezabwereza" kanjedza mbiri. Mwachitsanzo, Solomo Kaisara - ndi mmodzi yemweyo, monga "New Kuwerengera". ndi zaka makumi anai a oyamba anayi ndi wachiwiri kwa layman chiyani? Sali yemweyo? Choncho, m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu falsified!

The chifukwa wotsiriza, anapatsidwa chiphunzitso chimenechi monga pseudoscience, chiri motere. Zochokera ambiri "Kusintha", zikuoneka kuti pali chiwembu padziko lonse "sizoonekeratu wa anthu", chomwe chingathe kulilembanso njira chinsinsi mbiri ya anthu. Ndipo chidachitika mu Ages Middle ndipo masiku ano, pamene panali mapangidwe limati ndi za mudzi ndi kuphatikiza sanali funso.

Chinthu chotsiriza moona poona ndi asayansi, panali vuto bwino pa Luso maphunziro. Ngati inu mumawerengera chiphunzitso cha "New Kuwerengera" woona, zikuoneka kuti asayansi akusewera basi sandbox ndi samamvetsa ngakhale zinthu zofunika. Osanenapo bwino.

zakuthambo chifukwa anakwiya

Waukulu chopunthwitsa anali "Almagest". Ngati ife kutaya anthu nyenyezi, ozikidwa pa mfundo za Fomenko (iwo sangakhoze pachibwenzi ndi munthu), kutenga chithunzi, kwathunthu chikugwirizana ndi miyambo.

Kumayambiriro twente-atumwi Fotokozani kayendedwe ka kuwala anapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi njira zatsopano komanso makompyuta. Onse deta ya Ptolemy ndi Hipparchus anali anatsimikizira.

Choncho, asayansi anachititsa chochititsa manyazi ndi chopusa zoona cholimbana Luso awo ndi Amateurs wathunthu.

Yankhani azambiriyakale, akatswiri a zinenero ndi ofukula

M'dera la chikoka cha khalidwe izi usavutike mtsutso. Choyamba, ife anaimirira kwa dendrochronology ndi kusanthula radiocarbon. Kuweruza ndi mawu a Fomenko, iye anaŵerengera kwa 1960. sayansi izi akhala litafika. njira zawo kuthandiza mbiri chikhalidwe zikutsimikiziridwa ndi njira ofanana. Zikuphatikizapo lamba dongo, njira paleomagnetic ndi potaziyamu-argon, ndi zina zotero.

mosayembekezereka kukhala birchbark. Tikayang'ana chakuti akulongosola "New Kuwerengera", mbiri Russian ndi zosiyana ndi mfundo zinthu zimenezi. Otsiriza, poyamba, anatsimikizira osati dendrochronology, komanso deta zina zambiri kuchokera amalanga ofanana.

Ndi chidwi kuti kusalabadira wathunthu wa Arab, Chiameniya, Chinese, ndi zikalata zina lolembedwapo, atsimikizire mbiri chikhalidwe Europe. Anatchula yekha n'kofunika kuti atsimikizire chiphunzitsochi.

Kutsindika pa magwero Nkhani amaika mafani "New Kuwerengera" kovuta. kutsutsana kwawo ziphwanyika ndi kulembamo ochiritsira ka boma ndi chuma.

Ngati inu muyang'ana pa umboni zinenero Fomenko, ndiye, malinga Zaliznyaka A. A., "ndi zoduka amateurism pa mlingo zolakwa mu tebulo chulutsa." Mwachitsanzo, Latin ananena mbeu Old Church ndi "Samara" akangowerenga n'zosiyana amasandulika "chilankhulo mawu katchulidwe Rome".

Madeti ndi maina pandalama, mendulo yaulemu, ngale kwathunthu kutsimikizira deta maphunziro. Makamaka zochuluka ili chabe kukusalani kuthekera chinyengo.

Komanso, dongosolo la nkhondo la olemba linali la zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, chikugwirizana ndi kalendala kubweretsa ndi chimodzi chimene. Pali ngakhale deta kuti Ages Middle sizingatheke kudziwika, ndipo anatsegula kokha mwa zofukulidwa mu zaka mazana makumi awiri.

Poti sayansi "New Kuwerengera"

Choyamba, lero zikuluzikulu akumvetsera ku ntchito za Scaliger mochuluka monga iwo anatsimikizira ndi kufufuza kwatsopano.

Tikawonetsetsa mu Nosovskaya Fomenko ntchito lili kuukira yekha katswiri wa m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi. Koma palibe zapansi kapena otchula osagwidwa gwero kapena chosonyeza zolaula cholakwacho.

Kachiwiri kusalabadira wathunthu mayina chuma. Umboni wonse m'munsi wamangidwa pa mbiri anasankhidwa ndi zikalata zina zimene mmodzi amaganiza Onetsani zochitika. Kupanda phunziro mwatsatanetsatane.

Chachitatu, otchedwa "mwankhanza bwalo chibwenzi" Mwamsanga palokha. Ndiko kuti, mbali ya "New Kuwerengera" kuyesa kuonetsa kuti, kuchokera pa malo poyamba onyenga, ambiri mwa njira chabe kuchulukitsa cholakwa. Koma zimenezi sizoona, monga kuyenera njira zawo nthawi zambiri unsubstantiated ndi zoona.

Ndipo otsiriza. The wowopsa "onyenga chiwembu". Inamangidwa umboni wonse, koma ngati mulankhula kwa maganizo a kulingalira mfundo kutha ngati nyumba ya makadi.

Kodi n'zotheka mobisa kusonkhanitsa onse mabuku, malamulo, makalata kulilembanso iwo mu njira yatsopano ndi kubwerera ku munda. Komanso, zedi a zofukula m'mabwinja lapeza monga kwenikweni yabodza. Komanso, mfundo wosanjikiza chikhalidwe, stratigraphy ndi zinthu zina zikusonyeza zinthu zofukulidwa kwathunthu osadziwika kuti theorists, "New Kuwerengera".