Chiwerengerochi mbiri: andale, asayansi, asilikali

funso limene anthu ambiri amadzifunsa olemba, nzeru ena, azambiriyakale, Amene ayesa mbiri? Great umunthu - kanjedza m'mbiri? Kapena mtundu - kulemera m'mbiri? Mwina, ndi anthu ndipo ena. Ena kanjedza mbiri ya Russia ndi dziko, kupereka tsoka la anthu zikwizikwi za anthu, adzakhala anafotokoza m'nkhani.

History ndi abwino

Mutu wa maudindo a single anzeru kwambiri munthu mu mbiriyakale ya chisamaliro kwa zaka zambiri, kuchokera panthawi imene anayamba kupangika nzeru mbiri. Mayina a kanjedza mbiri monga Napoleon, Columbus, Washington, Chimakedoniya, odziwika padziko lonse. anthu amenewa anaphatikizapo mu mbiri monga andale wamkulu, asayansi, geographers apanga kuti chitukuko cha anthu ndi zopereka kwambiri. Anayamba kapena kwathunthu kuthyola ziphunzitso za makolo a moyo. Mwachitsanzo awo chikusonyeza kufunsira ongolankhula kuti dzina, wamphamvu ndi cholimba, ndi mphamvu ya mbiri galimoto. Pali ngakhale mawu akatswiri a mbiri - palibe kanthu koposa kufotokoza za moyo wa umunthu kwambiri.

Lina otchuka

Chiwerengerochi mbiri ya Europe - kwenikweni anthu amene manja mphamvu wakhala anaikira. Ichi ndi munthu amene ankafuna kuti tigonjetse dziko. Munthu woyamba agonjetsi otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse anakhala Yuliy Tsezar. Kratko kufotokoza zimene anachita, tisaiwale yofunika kwambiri kukulitsa ufumu wa Roma (Kaisara mabwalo Chiroma), kukonza demokalase (mwachitsanzo, kuthandiza asilikari akale, kubweretsa mphamvu ya anthu wamba), komanso maluso utsogoleri, nkhondo, ndi kulemba.

Great, Genghis Khan, Napoleon, Hitler - odziwika kanjedza mbiri ya Ulaya, amene ankafuna kulamulira dziko. Onse a iwo asiya chizindikiro awo mu mbiri ya katundu.

Chiwerengerochi chabwino cha Russia

Ivan Grozny ndi Alexander Nevsky, Peter Ine, Catherine II Wamkulu, Nicholas I - munthu, amene anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa chitukuko cha Russia. Iwo anali mu mphamvu pa nthawi yovuta m'mbiri. Izi ndi zina chapadera kanjedza mbiri ya Russia nawo yomenyera nkhondo, ankateteza zofuna za dziko, modernized maziko alipo.

manambalawo lalikulu la Kievan Lazaro

A womenya ndi chilungamo cha mayiko Russian, woona Orthodox munthu, wolimba wankhondo anali Alexander Nevsky. Nevskaya nkhondo imene Alexander anakhala ngati pulani kwambiri, ndi chochitika chofunika m'mbiri ya dziko. Iye anasonyeza kuti alimbe mtima wa anthu Russian. Alexander Nevsky (Nevsky Battle umboni) anakwanitsa likhale logwirizana Novgorod ndi Ladoga squads kubweza alimbane wa asilikali a Sweden mu 1240, potero kulola kukula kwa Chikatolika.

Atsogoleri a asilikali Chachiwiri motsutsa alowererepo Western mu zaka za Mavuto mu Russia - wotchedwa Dmitry Pozharsky ndi Kuzma Minin - komanso unathandiza kwambiri m'mbiri dzikolo. Iwo anamasulidwa Russia kwa alendo kuteteza chiwonongeko cha dziko ndi chiwonongeko cha ziphunzitso.

manambalawo chachikulu cha Russian Ufumu

Wotchuka kanjedza andale a Russia amaonedwa Peter ndi Catherine. Petulo ankadziwika kwambiri monga wokonzanso ndi mgonjetsi. Ndi iye Russian Ufumu anakhala mmodzi wa kutsogolera mphamvu dziko. Borders wakulitsidwa anatuluka Nyanja Baltic, ndi Pacific Ocean, ndi ya Caspian. M'banja Politika Petra komanso zipatso. Iye anasintha asilikali, m'gulu la asilikali analenga. Peter (ndipo pambuyo pake Catherine II Wamkulu) tcheru kwambiri ndi maphunziro a dziko.

Catherine chinathandiza kutsegula sukulu, zinasokoneza makompyuta kafukufuku, ndi malo chikhalidwe. Iye anapitiriza malamulo a Peter malinga ndi malo Russia mu dziko. moyo Komabe mwakhama padziko olamulira lalikulu la anthu wamba, pamene nkhondo zinkachitikira, kuchuluka misonkho itakula ukapolo. Kubwerera ku funso la amene amalenga mbiri, mukhoza anayankha kuti iwo anali otchuka mu mphamvu ndi kutaya misa kuti tikwaniritse zolinga chuma ndi ndale.

Wotchuka kanjedza mbiri ya m'zaka za m'ma XX

Monyang'ama m'ma mbiri ya mayiko ambiri pa dziko lapansi, m'badwo wa katundu ndi nthawi yomweyo, nyenyezi anabweretsa kwa siteji ya andale wotchuka dziko monga Lenin, Thatcher, Churchill, Stalin, Roosevelt, Hitler ndi ena. Lenin, wotchedwa mtsogoleri, anawononga ufumu namanga dziko loyamba ku dziko lamadyerero. No view limodzi la umunthu ndi zochita zake. ndi kuwonongeka chifukwa cha ntchito yake ndi chiyani? Kumene, ena kusintha wake ndi kusintha amadza opindulitsa pa anthu ndi dziko. Izi kwenikweni kuthetsa Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira gulu la anthu, kumayambiriro mwayi paliponse maphunziro ndi mankhwala.

Iosif Stalin Mwachitsanzo, kale kale fano la anthu onse a Union. Stalin, pansi pa ulamuliro umene dziko chapeza kuwina nkhondo, anali munthu wouma. Only atagwa mwambo wa umunthu anayamba kutsegula owona wake milandu. Iosif Stalin anatsogolera mfundo nkhanza anali suona maganizo a anthu ena, kuwalanga, anthu amatha yotopetsa dongosolo zaka zisanu ndi collectivisation, komabe m'dziko mlingo wa mayiko amphamvu a.

Apadera Russian asilikali

Mu mbiri ya Russia panali mphindi zambiri zovuta - zoopsa ndi wamagazi nkhondo. Tsogolo la dziko kambirimbiri m'manja mwa asilikali, luso wofunika ndi masomphenya. nkhani mwapadera tsamba zokhudzana ndi ntchito zankhondo A. V. Suvorova, M. I. Kutuzova, P. S. Nahimova, A. A. Brusilova, G. K. Zhukova ndi asilikali ena ndi otchuka, kumene anthu ayenera kumwamba mtendere ndi dziko - kupambana kutchuka.

Mtsogoleri wamkulu wankhondo ankaona kuti Suvorov A. V., amene anali Polish waluntha, Turkey, ndi kumapeto kwa moyo ndi Chitaliyana kampeni. talente yake ndi masomphenya atsopano a nkhondoyo, anagonjetsa mizinda ambiri European ndi Asia. Imodzi mwa kuyenda ulendo wotchuka Suvorov imatengedwa kuti Swiss, amene anakumana ndi wopanda udindo wa asilikali wa ku Austria, zinthu chowawa ndi mavuto a asilikali, iye anatha kupambana ndi chigonjetso chachikulu.

Kutuzov M. I. nawo ntchito ambiri ankhondo, koma kutchuka lonse anam'bweretsera lamulo la asilikali pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ndi France. Patapita nkhondo si bwino motsutsa French asilikali Kutuzov anabwerera, koma cholinga chake chinali - kuti kuutsiriza ndi French galimoto kutali kumadzulo. Kutuzov njira dongosolo anakwanitsa, ndi ufumu wogonjetsedwa.

Umunthu G. K. Zhukova ndi chimodzi mwa maganizo kwambiri pakati kanjedza wodziwika bwino mbiri yakale. Ngati umunthu ambiri amphamvu, Zhukov mukufuna kutsutsa, kuti kuunikira zochita zake, kukana walakwitsa. Mosapita m'mbali kuti ndi wamkulu m'mbiri. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, izo anatumizidwa ku malo wamkulu mdani alimbane. njira zake nkhondo, zovuta komanso wakhama ntchito. Chigonjetso yoyamba nkhondo chinapeza asilikali pa Yelnya, kumene analamula Zhukov. Choyamba wokwatibwa ndi dongosolo kulamulira wochita nkhondo pa Kursk lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi, malinga ndi zomwe asilikali ayenera purposefully kuteteza ndi mthunzi, ndiyeno ambwandile. Dongosolo ili njira wachita - anagonjetsedwa, kulimbikitsa njira zina za nkhondo. Iwo anali opangidwa ntchito akazembe waluntha, apolisi ndi asilikali a mtima. Zhukova G. K. kusiyana ndi njira yapadera, chidwi kwa asilikali, amafuna wapadera kwa nzeru, samalani nkhondo mapulani.

Apadera Russian asayansi

The odziwika bwino kwambiri Russian kanjedza ndale tafotokozazi. Komabe, osati andale luso ndi oimira wolemera Russian dziko. Anthu kuti kupanga dziko chitsogolo mu sayansi - ndi asayansi. Thukuta aluntha asayansi Russian ali m'mayiko ambiri pa dziko lapansi. PN Yablochkov analenga babu kuwala, V. K. Zvorykin - elekitironi maso, komanso anakonza TV, SP Korolev analengera dziko loyamba ballistic mzinga, spacecraft, ndipo woyamba yokumba Earth Kanema.

Lonse sayansi malangizo analengedwa A. P. Vinogradovym - ichi isotope geochemistry. Iye anagwirira ntchito zabwino za dziko I. V. Kurchatov, kumanga woyamba nyukiliya magetsi. gulu lake analenga bomba la atomiki.

Mukhoza kuona ntchito za asayansi otchuka ndi madokotala. MA Novinsky kukhala tate wa Oncology experimental. S. S. Yudin woyamba kulankhula zokhuza kuthekera magazi anthu mwadzidzidzi wakufayo. SS Bryukhonenko anakhala mlengi wa zida za kufalitsidwa yokumba. Apadera Russian anatomist Ni Pirogov anali Buku la mapu loyamba la thunthu ndi mapangidwe woyamba m'dziko kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi.

ojambula zithunzi Great

Culture evolves ndi umunthu, kotero, kumene, oimira maphunziro komanso ndi Mlengi wa mbiri. Ulemu ntchito za akatswiri Russian, olemba, olemba ndakatulo, amisiri, Opanga filimuyi, ndi amisiri ena. Aluso dziŵani geniuses wa iconography Russian: Andrei Rublev, Feofana Greka ndi Dionisiyo. Images ntchito zawo ali otchuka ndi oona. amisiri aluso malo anali I. K. Ayvazovsky, I. I. Shishkin, A. K. Savrasov. The portraitists chachikulu: S. S. Schukin, VA Tropinin, A. Bryullov, V. A. Serov ndi ena.

Mapangidwe Russian ndi dziko kuvina amagwirizana ndi mayina a kwambiri Russian akuti: O. A. Spesivtsevoy, G. S. Ulanovoy, A. P. Pavlovoy, M. M. Plisetskoy. Iwo umanena lothandiza lonse mu mbiriyakale ya chikhalidwe Russian.

Ntchito za olemba Russian captivate anthu a m'dziko lonse lapansi. Katswiri wa A. S. Pushkina, F. M. Dostoevskogo, N. V. Gogolya, L. N. Tolstogo, M. A. Bulgakova ndi ena kugunda kalembedwe wapadera, ulemu ndiponso luso, ziwembu, chikhalidwe, komanso nzeru woona wa moyo.