Kodi dzina la Yuriya Gagarina m'mlengalenga: taphunzira Mabaibulo

Spring tsiku mu 1961, ndicho pa April 12, anthu okhala m'dziko lonse kudziwa dzina la munthuyo, kutsegula malo a anthu.

Ya mutu chidwi kuwerenga patter wachangu malipoti wailesi m'chinenero chilichonse, ndipo potsiriza, TV, unaphunzira ndi zimene linali dzina la chombo cha m'mlengalenga Yuriya Gagarina. Alipidwa mawu kwa mfundo imodzi zinayi. Chirichonse chimene dzina Baibulo silinena kuti palibe silinena zinsinsi. Ndipo panali mafunso ambiri, apa ndi yankho - pang'ono.

Pang'ono-zabodza sayansi zopeka andale

Kumene, chochitika zimenezi zikuchitika zaka makumi anai zisanachitike, makumi tikhoza kokha ingoganizani dzina la mtundu imakhoza woyamba danga roketi. Masiku amenewo, monga Mwachizolowezi, mwina adamutcha "Internationale-1", kapena ena chidule wochenjera lolingana ndiye mafashoni phwando. Mwachitsanzo, "Strasovkosom" (Dziko la Soviet Union mu mlengalenga). Kapena "Vladlenkosom" (Vladimir Lenin, Ibid). Ndipotu, ngakhale malo a Commissar wachiwiri Anthu Yoona Naval inaikidwa monga "Zamkompomorde". Ambiri, kuti abwere ndi chinachake limaonetseratu.

Ndipo ngati wokayenda pamwezi woyamba ku kanjira pansi Stalin, n'zotheka kuti iye apitirize thupi lake dzina la ntsogoleri, "tate wa mitundu."

dzina lina chida, asilikali

Ngati wazankhondo, chinsinsi roketi, anafunsidwa za zimene kuitanira m'mlengalenga Yuriya Gagarina weniweni, iye ankati (poona mobisa, ndipo okhawo amene akhala ndi "chikuonetseratu woyamba"), zimene zili zolondola - R-7. Chifukwa ili ndi chida ballistic anali chotengera amene anabweretsa woyendetsa Soviet amene anakhala wotchuka mu kanjira. Koma kufunsa mafunso oterewa zinadzala. Choyamba, kunali koyenera ngakhale kudziwa amene kupita nawo, koma izo zinali kupitirira mphamvu ya ngakhale nzeru mochenjera, ndi CIA. Lachiwiri, chinsinsi anali pafupifupi chilichonse Union malo kufufuza.

mafunso lachinyengo Gagarin ndi mayankho ake zoseketsa

April 16, 1961 cosmonaut woyamba dziko anafika pa msonkhano atolankhani pa zimene kudzera onse a mabungwe uthenga kumufunsa aliyense, ngakhale mafunso ambiri lachinyengo. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iwo ankadziwa chimene chinali dzina la m'mlengalenga Yuriya Gagarina, kulemera kwa payload (matani 5) ndi ochepa magawo ena, catechumens pamaso Academician Keldysh. Hero charmingly anamwetulira mosavuta ndipo akugwiritsa mafunso onse interviewers, koma latsopano mudziwe luso si lipoti. Mpaka 1968, pamene lander "East" wakhala showpiece ENEA, ngakhale chosemedwa chipinda lokhalamo anakhalabe chinsinsi, osanenapo zipangizo zovuta, kupereka chithandizo ndi ndegeyo kapisozi. Zifukwa nsaru ngati chinsinsi anali. Achimereka kwenikweni pakupita pa zidendene, koma nthawi zonse miyezi iwiri kapena itatu mochedwa, zomwe ndi zokhumudwitsa kwambiri kwa Pulezidenti John F. Kennedy ndi anthu ena ofunika mu White House, osati kokha. Ngakhale mfundo wamba kuti alengeze akhoza kubweretsa okonza kunja mu njira yolondola, ndi chofunikila utaika. Akatswiri US zosiyanasiyana za mawonekedwe a "East", koma nthawi wasonyeza iwo anali kulakwitsa.

"East" ndi "pachimake" - mapasa

Choncho, ife tonse tikudziwa zimene dzina la m'mlengalenga Yuriya Gagarina - "Vostok-1". Koma mawu akuti "pachimake" mpaka 1968 pafupifupi munthu aliyense za chirichonse sindikunena. anthu ochepa okha anadziwa za mavuto woona ndi waukulu kuthetsa angagwiritse anabwerera ndi mutu wa danga roketi. Kuwonjezera pa yobereka arsenals nyukiliya, ndi R-7 akhoza kuika mu kanjira cholinga reconnaissance Kanema, zida ndi Optics heavy-ntchito ndi chithunzi. Movutikira, Keldysh ndi Korolyov anakwanitsa kuwonjezera sovsekretnoe boma lamulo mawu a ndege zinakhazikitsa. Popeza spacecraft ndi Yuri Gagarin anakhala chitsanzo cha kutembenuka, pamene cholinga chake chachikulu inkakhala ku usilikali chithunzi-reconnaissance.

Apanso, mbiri ya

Nthawi watsimikizira kulondola kwa wasayansi wamkulu S. P. Koroleva ndi timu kwake kodabwitsa. Zaka zapita, ndipo lero kawirikawiri ndikuganiza za kazitape Kanema, zithunzi bwino maofesi a chitetezo Soviet ndi American umalimbana mzake ballistic megasmertyah ndi zenizeni ena lowopsya la Chidani nkhondo. Koma anthu onse kumbukira dzina la sitima Yuri Gagarin, iye amadziwa za patsogolo athu dziko ndipo akuti dzina la malo mpainiya ulemu ndi chikondi. Izi sanasinthe.