Choyamba lonse lapansi mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi ntchito

Choyamba mayiko - ndi chimake cha lingaliro la dongosolo zokomera moyo. Kale zochitika za October 1917 ntchito anaonekera mu dziko. Awiri ideologues chachikulu: Bakunin ndi Marx. Pakati pawo panali kulimbana kwambiri maganizo, mtsogoleri maganizo. Misa atamunamizira kazitape ndi Russia, miseche ndi njira zina kuponderezedwa Bakunin. mbali Marx ndi anapambana. Iyo inasonyeza malingaliro a malingaliro Marxist la Bolshevik boma athu. ngati chiŵerengero cha woyamba wa mayiko a zochitika za 1917 mu Russia? Kuti anali chiwembu kapena mafunde Inde m'mbiri? Tidzayensa kumvetsa.

Choyamba lonse lapansi chaka cha chilengedwe

gulu London "mayiko Workingmen a Association" anakhazikitsidwa September 28, 1864. Okonza - Marx ndi Chichewa ndi gulu lake. mgwirizano umenewu ndi woyamba International.

maphunziro ANAKULIRA

The cha m'ma XIX - nthawi sanali mwachisawawa kwa chilengedwe cha mabungwe antchito oterowo. Mu dziko muli zochitika zambiri zimene zinathandiza kuti izi:

• The bourgeois zisinthe mu 1789 ku France.
• A chitukuko akuluakulu a makampani ano ku Ulaya ndi kukula kwa mafakitale, zomera, chotero, chiwerengero cha antchito.
• A kusintha kayendedwe. 1807 - Kutulukira steamship, amene pofika cha m'ma XIX m'malo kwathunthu panyanja zombo. Russia ndi Turkey - mayiko chatha ku Ulaya kumene angathe kuonedwa. zopezera Railway anawonjezeka mofulumira.

Zonse mwa zochitika zimenezi wafunsira chiwerengero cha anthu amene anayamba kuganiza za ufulu wawo pa ndale ndiponso zachuma. Komabe, aliyense anamvetsa kuti tiyenera mgwirizano amphamvu antchito. Chibakera, amene angathe kupirira alimbane wolemera capitalists chuma utsogoleri. Ndi mu nthaka imeneyi chonde, ndipo anayamba ntchito yake maganizo "abusa" a maganizo - Marx ndi Chichewa. Iwo anayesera kulongosola zofuna chuma ogwira ntchito mu "ufulu" njira ndale.

Komabe, kulakwa kuganiza kuti ideologists awiri. Gululi malingaliro awa anali m'gulu la mabwalo pamwamba ndalama Europe. Mmodzi wa iwo - Dzhordzh Odzher, Mlembi wa London ntchito Council. Iye amakankhira lingaliro wa mavoti ogwira ntchito ku nyumba ya malamulo.

Kutsogolera la International

Kupanga woyamba wa mayiko izo chikugwirizana ndi mavuto oyamba chuma dongosolo capitalist mu 1857-1859 biennium. Against maziko a mavuto munthawi yomweyo m'mayiko onse otukuka wabwera kumvetsa mgwirizano padziko lonse ndi antchito. Ndi pa nthawiyi zilumikizano proletarian la England ndi France afike pomvetsetsa kuti limodzi lonse bungwe. Mafuta moto anatsanulira chochitika mu Russia. Mu 1863, Alexander II anachitira kusintha Poland. Opandukawo anafuna ufulu.

Marxists kuti misonkhano antchito ambiri. Iwo anafotokoza ankaimbidwa njira wodyerana "Russian punishers" amene mpesa kudula ufulu wandale "okonda mtendere Zitsulo." About aliyense zofuna za chuma Poland sanapite kulankhula. ngodya ino ya ufumuwo anali patsogolo kwambiri pankhani imeneyi. Mu lamulo zoweta Polish, boma sikusokoneza.

Kuvomereza mpheto za maganizo a anthu ndi ntchito ideologues International. Iwo anatumiza misa ntchito pa zofuna za ndale, lomwe kulibe pamaso. Iwo anafuula mawu nkhondo ndi woyimira kumbuyo ikuluikulu ya Russia. Proletarian anayamba kumvetsa mphamvu yake. M'malo mwake, kunamuthandiza izo.

"Nkhanza" Russian - chizindikiro cha kugwirizana kwa antchito European

December 5, 1863 antchito British ndi kutembenukira kwa maganizo French zofuna olowa maboma. Zolinga - nkhondo ndi Russia ufulu Poland.

Chaka chotsatira, mu 1864, kale kuchita msonkhano olowa mu London, mu holo ya St. Martin. Choncho, zinthu ku Russia wakhala chinthu zoopsa gulu. Marx yekha, amene sanayambe anaonekera pa zochitika, analipo pa msonkhano uno. Anaganiza kusintha chikumbumtima a m'kalasi ntchito, amene anazindikira ndi wamphamvu galimoto mphamvu mu mbiri.

Choyamba Congress: bungwe anakonza kunyanyala

Mu 1866 ku Geneva, Woyamba ntchito Mayiko zokhudza gulu la Congress choyamba. Iwo anatenga hayala, wasenza ndi Marx, anasankhidwa Council General atamva antchito. Pambuyo msonkhano wa Bungwe atsopano anayamba kutsogolera kamenyedwe antchito. Tsopano izi sizinali olekanitsidwa zochita wachisokonezo komanso anakonza kanthu. Ngakhale ena apolisi kumwazikana zionetserowo mbali ina ya mzinda ayamba kukantha ena.

The Congress Chachiwiri: chilengedwe cha zipani

Mu Lausanne mu September 1867, izo msonkhano msonkhano wachiwiri wa bungwe la International Choyamba. Pa uchimo panali nkhani zikuluzikulu: nawo yogwira a magulu zokomera thandizo Unyinji wa anthu ogwira ntchito moyo dziko la ndale. Pambuyo pake, bourgeoisie anayamba kusonyeza nkhawa ndalama zawo ndi udindo waukulu pakati pa anthu.

The Congress Chachitatu: oyitanira nkhondo

Pa Congress wachitatu Brussels mu 1868 iye anasonyeza lingaliro la asilikali kuteteza maganizo awo. Ndipotu, woyamba wa mayiko anaitana kusintha kalasi. Pa msonkhano wa panali kusamvana "pa chiwonetsero chachikulu cha polojekiti yawo." Inu mukhoza kuona kusintha kwa lingaliro zofunika zachuma kuyitana chiwonongeko cha dongosolo mu m'kanthawi kochepa.

Izo zikhoza SADZALEKERERA akuluakulu kapena ngakhale bourgeoisie. Yambani chizunzo ndale. Kukhazikika mu France, ndi Paris kuyanjana anali omwazikana. Izi zimamupweteka kwambiri ku International. Othandiza ku Ulaya anayamba m'ndende, anachotsedwa ntchito, etc.

Amene akumufuna?

Mu mawu a loya Roma Cassius, ngati pali upandu, ndiye munthu mukufuna. Ndithudi, amene anafunika kusintha mu Europe mofulumira osauka. Ndi zodabwitsa kuti maganizo kwambiri amakani ndi kofuna nkhondo imagwera pa nsonga ya chitukuko. Chiwopsezo ku Ulaya sanakhalanso ndi moyo wotere. History mobwerezabwereza palokha, ndipo kwa dziko lathu. Zinali m'nthawi ya ulamuliro wamphamvu kwambiri wa boma mbiri ya Russian Ufumu adamulowetsa mphamvu zimenezo dziko lathu. Komabe, anthu athu walephera kuti tilimbane ndi loopsa. Chifukwa Choyamba Mayiko sanali yotheka? ngati ankakhalako kwa kulimbana ndale? Tikambirana zina.

Choyamba dziko lonse mwachidule pa zochitika zina

Ine Mayiko sanali wokonzeka kuchita mogwirizana wamba chosintha kulimbana Europe. Anzeru a ku Ulaya anaona kuti ife anafunika kutsatira njira ya liberalism, osati zisinthe. Pambuyo pa zimenezi, Bungwe General wa bungwe la International anasamukira ku United States. Chisonyezo zina mmene iye pa mbiri yathu mu njira ya February kenako ndi October kusintha. Izo zidzafika pa chikhazikiro lingaliro US wa dziko zisinthe Lev Trotsky, Komabe, tiyenera kuganiza kuti mwina ndi mwamwayi. Choyamba Mayiko yokhala analipo mpaka 1876, mu Philadelphia komwe anaganiza kutsirizitsa izo.

zotsatira

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Choyamba ndi Chachiwiri Mayiko ankafuna kulanda dongosolo la ndale kuvomerezedwa mofulumira osauka Europe. Malingaliro lamadyerero Bakunin ngati nthawi anali kutsutsana nazo izo. Iye anaitana yekha kusintha amoyo ndi ntchito kalasi ntchito. Mwina Choncho, kutsutsana naye ndipo anakonza chiwembu Marxist. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, zinachitika kuti kuthetsa mpikisano. atsogoleri mayiko chofunika kwambiri ulimi zokomera, chiwonongeko cha wotukuka Europe.

About machenjerero awa la International Lenin akutchula analemba: "Ndi kulengedwa kwa" International Association Workingmen "anali koyamba misa mayiko palokha gulu la proletariat mu mbiri, amene, chifukwa cha utsogoleri wa Marx zochokera ntchito zake pa mfundo za kalasi kulimbana ndi bourgeoisie lapansi."

zochitika zina m'mbiri ya ichi ndi chifukwa. Monga mphamvu ya chisokonezo dziko galimoto sakhala ndi Socialist International ndi mphamvu ya mtundu wa Germany, amene adadza ku mabwinja a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ndi kuthandizira thandizo kwa Hitler amaperekedwa osunga ndalama ku United States. Mwina, ndipo izi zimangochitika mwangozi.