Pugachev chilango pa Bolotnaya Square: tsiku. Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachov mu mbiri

Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev anali Don Cossack amene anatsikira mu mbiri monga mtsogoleri wa Alimi 'nkhondo, umene unachitika mu Russia kuchokera 1773 mpaka 1775. Iye anatengerapo mwayi amene anatuluka pamene kulimbikira mphekesera zoti Mfumu Peter III ankati moyo, koma mozemba atathamangitsidwa ndi Catherine II ndi wokonda ake Grigori Orlov. Pugachev anali opambana ambiri onyenga onse kumachita ngati mafumu.

Zolinga mtsogoleri kupanduka

Pankhondo imene inachitika ku Solenikovoy zigawenga kumapeto kwa August 1774, opandukawo anagonjetsedwa. The zotsala za asilikali awo anasamukira m'njira southeasterly pamodzi Volga. Madzulo a August 25 asanafike pa Black Yar, anatha kuwoloka woyamba ku banki lamanja la mtsinje pa chimodzi mwa zilumba, kenako naye pa mbali ina. Pugachev anatsogolera zotsala za magulu ake kum'mawa, kuwoloka mtsinje Akhtuba, kumanzere banki amene anaitana msonkhano. Anaganiza zoti zina.

Mtsogoleri wa opandukawo anapereka zingapo zimene mungachite zinyalala. The oyamba - kubwera pansi Volga ndi kuchoka kwa Nyanja ya Caspian, ndipo kenako njira yozungulira kuti ku Ukraine ndi kukajowina Zaporozhye Cossacks. A chimake chachiwiri nkhawa mu ndege Bashkiriya kapena Siberia.

chinyengo

Komabe, akukonza maulendo kuthawa, Emelyan Ivanovich Pugachev sankadziwa kuti pa nthawi iyi kumbuyo kwake okhwima chiwembu, zimene zikuphatikizapo Cossack Wapolisiyo, anaganiza kuti ankampereke Iye. anzake apamtima anaganiza kuti adzalipereka kwa maulamuliro, ndi kubwerera akalandire chikhululukiro ku boma.

Chiwembucho anatenga gawo FF Chumakov, IP Fedulev, I. A. Tvorogov ndi za ziwiri khumi Yaik Cossacks. Iwo mwamtheradi samagwirizana ndi aliyense wa zolinga Pugachev ndi kuika patsogolo potsimikizira-maganizo kupita ku mbali ya Uzen. Kuti tichite zimenezi, anasankha njira ya ku Chigawo ndipo pa September 8, anafika ku powonekera. Kulanda mphindi, pamene asilikali waukulu Cossacks anaonekera patali, achiwembuwo adagwa Pugachev. Pa njira mudzi Yaik iye kawiri anayesa kuthawa, koma sizinathandize. Chumakov ndi tchizi, anakwera patsogolo, anakumana ndi kufufuza chipani, amene ankalamulidwa ndi Kenturiyo Harchev. Iye anabweretsa m'tauni kupanduka Yaitsky.

Choncho anandigwira Emelyan Pugachev. Alimi nkhondo kutsogoleredwa ndi munthu uyu modabwitsa posachedwa unathera Komabe, Suvorov ndi Panin kale mwachindunji m'zigawo zovuta, zomwe zingawathandize mphamvu kale.

chifukwa

Mafunso woyamba Emelyana Pugacheva analimbikitsa pa September 15 m'tauni Yaik. Kufufuza anatsogolera Mavrin ndi chinthu choyamba chimene iye wapeza tsatanetsatane wa mbiri ya detainee lapansi. Kenako mu lipoti lake kwa Major-General Potemkin, analemba kuti Pugachev anali wofatsa ndiponso. Patapita masiku atatu kufunsidwa wabodzayo anafika ndi mkulu-General Suvorov, amene panokha anatsogolera kufunsitsa. Kenako, anamangidwa anali akumuperekeza ku Simbirsk. Pofuna kunyamula zinabala wapadera yaing'ono khola wokwera pa ngolo ziwiri matayala.

Mu Simbirsk pa 2 mpaka 6 October Pugacheva osati kufunsidwa, komanso kutsatira ulemu wa mtengo wake. Iye ankayenera kuti incriminate iyeyo ndiponso anzake. October 26 Pugachev anatumizidwa ku Moscow moyang'aniridwa lolemera. Ku likulu, amasungidwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, amene munali ndi timbewu. Pamodzi ndi iye anatengedwa ndi ophunzira ena chiwembu cha. December 30, gawo loyamba mwa bwalo, umene unachitika mu Mpandowachifumu Nyumba ya boma la Russia. Tsiku lotsatira anabweretsa pano, ndipo Pugachev, amene anali pa maondo ake, anayankha mafunso, kenako anamva chigamulochi. Chiganizo anali wouma: watilakwira kotala choyamba, kudula mutu wake, kenako razvezut ziwalo mu madera osiyana a mzindawo ndi kutentha.

kukonzekera komaliza

Tsiku la imfa ya Pugachev anaikidwa pa January 10, 1775. M'mawa kwa nkaidi, tiyeni wansembe wa Kazan Cathedral archpriest Theodore, amene anali chilango cha imfa mgonero. Kenako, convoy kubweretsa pabwalo womangidwa kupanduka ndi pansi iye aŵiri wake. Pamodzi ndi iye anapita ansembe awiri, amene anamulimbikitsa kuti alape chifukwa cha zochita panjira.

chochitika chapadera monga Pugacheva chilango, anapanga chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu kusonkhana pa Bolotnaya Square kusanache. scaffold womwe unali cordoned kutali ndi mayunitsi apolisi pasadakhale ndiponso anali atatumizidwa iwo pothandizira regiments oyenda. Iwo nkomwe adaletsa kuthamanga zosaneneka a khamu anthu. anthu osati wodzazidwa m'dera lonse, komanso m'misewu oimbira. Anthu anali ngakhale pa madenga a nyumba yoyandikana ndi mipingo.

Khalidwe loyenera pa kuphedwa kwa Pugachev

Pamene Aisiraeli sledges ndi convoy zinkapita Kuuka mlatho, Pugachev anaimirira n'kuyamba kugwadira mbali zonse. Kotero iye anati tiwonana kwa anthu. Sani akaidi anasamukira ku deralo anaima pafupi scaffold lapansi. Emelyana Pugacheva ndi Afanasiem Perfilevym anabweretsa ku nsanja. Kumbuyo lidanyamuka ansembe, bailiffs, akuluakulu angapo bwalo ndi pankhondo.

Iwo anayamba kuwerenga chigamulo chimenechi, imene mwana wotsutsayo waukulu nthawi anabatizidwa ndipo mwakachetechete anati pemphero. Kenako, wansembe anadalitsa munthu akamuweruza kuti aphedwe, ndipo anati mawu ochepa zolimbikitsa. Pugachev ndiye anapulumutsa chiweruzo chake chomaliza kuyambira ndi mawu akuti: "Ndikhululukireni ine, Orthodox anthu ..." ndipo pa nthawi imene anali kumenya ankagona ndi mwakhama anabatizidwa, anacheukira anthu a boma la Russia aang'ono.

zochitika wotsatira kuti zinachitika m'malo mofulumira. Kuphedwa kwa Pugachev anayamba ndi chakuti Wolakwayo kukwezedwa nsinga ndi anang'amba zovala, ndipo miniti ina mutu wake wamagazi ndi tsitsi unachitikira mu manja ake wakupha.

chokumbukira pakuona

Ndakatulo ndi fabulist a chi Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, monga ambiri a Moscow otchuka, sanali kutali scaffold, ndipo akhoza kuona tsatanetsatane wa mmene kuphedwa kwa Pugachev. Ngakhale kuti akulu wopanduka ameneyu ndi mbiri ngati mbala aakulu, wolemba mu nkhope yake sindinaone chilichonse nkhanza kapena zolusa. Iye anafotokoza kuti munthu wamba mu makumi anai ake, a msinkhu sing'anga, ndi complexion mdima ndi ndevu zisonga. Kunja, ndi chilichonse monga Mfumu Peter III, ndipo chinali chodabwitsa momwe anthu akanakhoza kutenga wina ndi mzake.

anafikapo wina zochitika zimenezo, wasayansi, wolemba ndi nzeru zapamwamba, Andrey Timofeevich Bolotov, anaona kupatuka zachilendo mu ndondomeko kuphedwa. Malinga ndi chigamulochi, Emelyana Pugacheva anali panayi T. E., Choyamba anadula manja ndi mapazi, ndiye yekha kudula mutu wake. Komabe, wakupha anachita zosiyana. Chief wa Police Arkharov anali mu chisokonezo chachikulu ndi wotembereredwa wakupha kuyang'anira zimenezi. Chifukwa, manja ndi miyendo yake anadukana munthu mlandu pambuyo pa imfa yake.

Grace Catherine II

Anali kukhala woyang'anira wakupha mwachisawawa, kapena ngati anachita izo mwadala? Analemba A. S. Pushkin m'buku lake "History cha kupanduka Pugachev". Apa ndakatulo anatchula kalata yochokera kwa mwayekha kwa kalonga Volkonsky, amene anachitira ndi chakuti kuti salola anthu kuchita zigawenga mwankhanza ngakhale. Choncho, asanapachikidwe kunali kutenga malo Pugacheva Ekaterina ankati kulalatira kudzera mwa Mkulu wa Police Arkharova chinsinsi analangiza wakupha kuti choyamba anadula mutu Emelyan Pugachev, ndiyeno yekha panayi. Choona chidwi ndi Mfumukazi amati kutiletsa izo kwina kulikonse.

Sizikudziwika ngati kwenikweni limasonyeza Catherine II, koma koposa quartering boma kunachitidwa mu Russian. Komanso, chilango poyera Pugachev m'dera dambo komanso anali womaliza. Malinga ndi chigamulochi, mutu wake anapachikidwa ndi kuika poyera, ndipo yodulidwa ziwalo ankapulumutsidwa ku mbali zosiyana mumzinda, nazitentha tsiku lotsatira.

Zotsatira za Alimi 'Nkhondo

Choncho anathetsa kupanduka, kamodzi analeredwa ndi ochepa Cossacks recalcitrant, amene anali kuyang'anira Emelyan Pugachev. Mu mbiri ya m'mphawi izi Russian nkhondo anasiya kufufuza tofa zakhudza ambiri m'dzikoli, kukwera ku Siberia ku Moscow ndi ku Kuban kwa Murom.

Nditamaliza kupanduka Pugachev mwa dongosolo la Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri anapangidwa apagulu Ndondomeko linati kuti anapanduka chiyenera kuikidwa kuti "anaiwalika wosatha." Ndipo kuti kuthetsa ngakhale kukumbukira pang'ono za nthawi wamagazi, iye analamulidwa Sinthani dzina Yaitsky opanduka tauni Uralsk.