Chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom: mwachidule zimene zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira

Chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom, mwachidule za zifukwa, preconditions ndi zotsatira za tikambirana pansipa, anali khalidwe amene anagawa moyo wa anthu ndi mbiri ya dziko lathu pawiri: isanayambe kapena itatha. Ngakhale ngati mwaufulu kwambiri kusintha, Alexander kumasula sanathe kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha moyo wawo. Komabe, n'chifukwa chiyani chinthu choterocho?

Chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom: mwachidule pa zimayambitsa ndi preconditions

Choncho, monga mukudziwa, Mfumu Alexander II anakhala mfumu inali imodzi mwa nkhondo, zomwe zinaonetsa kuti dziko amafunika kukonzanso. Ichi ndi chifukwa choyamba - Crimea nkhondo, kapena m'malo zotsatira zake. Mwa njira, pozindikira kuti Russia amafunika kusintha ano, ndi limodzi mwa zotsatira za nyengo ino. Kachiwiri, mwina kudziŵika ndi vuto la dongosolo ang'onoang'ono anthu pamodzi ndi kutopa zina chuma. Chachitatu, boma pa nthawi ankakhalira , kusagwirizana chikhalidwe, omwe sakanakhoza kukhala maziko kusintha kwinanso. Choncho, chifukwa chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom (mwachidule muzindandalike) atagona padziko ndipo sanathe kupita padera. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti kusintha wachita kale akamayamba. Monga momwe zinthu zina zimene zikuphatikizapo backwardness luso ndi underdevelopment malonda, makampani lolemera kwambiri, komanso zokolola otsika kwambiri.

Chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom: yochepa patsogolo kukonza

Kuti akwanitse kusintha ngati kwakukulu kapangidwe ka anthu anali ovuta, koma Alexander II anaganiza kuchita zimenezo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mu 1858 akulamula kukhazikitsa komiti (waukulu m'dera ndi m'madera), zomwe iyankha njira zonse zotheka kuti chitukuko cha mfundo imeneyi. Pambuyo mavuto onse akhala bwinobwino patapita chaka zochokera Commission Special, umene kusintha zinthu wina ndi linaŵerengera pa ngozi. Kenako, madzulo a kusintha, Bungwe State zochokera kusintha, amene amapereka chilolezo ake kuti ntchito yonseyi. Ndipo monga mukudziwa, pa 19 February chaka chomwecho pakubwera Ndondomeko wotchuka, kulalikira anthu Russian mfulu.

Chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom: mwachidule za kufunika

The zinatanthauzanji kwa aufulu Alexander II inkakhala zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Mapangidwe chachikulu msika ntchito.
• sitepe chachikulu cha kupangidwa kwa anthu wamba m'tsogolo chaonekera.
• underdevelopment Economic ndi retardation pang'ono inathetsedwa.
• Iwo anayamba kugonjetsa Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira lochitira.

Pamwamba pa pali mfundo zoipa pa mndandanda. Mwachitsanzo, njala wamba dziko, chifukwa mu msonkho waukulu, kukwera kusagwirizana chikhalidwe chifukwa wosakhutira ndi nzika, alimi maganizo unpreparedness ufulu.

Motero, chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom mu 1861, yochepa imene tafotokozazi, sitepe yoyamba mu masitepe lalikulu ndi lalitali kusintha zinthu zazikulu za Alexander kumasula, kwenikweni anapatsa anthu ufulu ndi ufulu.