Munthu amene anasintha dziko la sayansi. Galileo Galilei. Mwachidule mbiri ndi kutsegula ake

Mmodzi wa zakuthambo wotchuka kwambiri, sayansi ndi nzeru ena mu mbiri ya anthu - Galileo Galilei. Mwachidule mbiri ndi kutsegula, lomwe muphunzira tsopano adzalola kuti mwachidule za munthu uyu zapadera.

Masitepe oyamba mu dziko la sayansi

Galileo anabadwa mu Pisa (Italy), February 15, 1564. Pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu mnyamata amapita ku yunivesite ya Pisa kuphunzira ntchito zachipatala. Pa sitepe iyi anakankhira atate wake, koma chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ndalama posachedwa Galileo anauzidwa kuti achoke maphunziro. Komabe, pamene wasayansi tsogolo anakhala ku yunivesite, izo sizinali pachabe, chifukwa apa kuti anayamba posonyeza kukonda masamu ndi sayansi. Salinso kukhala wophunzira, iye sanasinthe masewera ake amphatso Galileo Galilei. Mwachidule mbiri ndiponso zimene wake nthawi imeneyi, anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu wasayansi m'tsogolo. Kwa ena nthawi amaganiziranso kuphunzira palokha okonzera, kenako, mu 1589, anabwerera ku University of Pisa, nthawi ili mu udindo wa aphunzitsi a masamu. Patapita nthawi, iye anaitanidwa kupitiriza kuphunzitsa pa University amapemphera, pamene ophunzira anafotokoza ndizosowa zimango, masamu ndi zakuthambo. Pa nthawi ino, Galileo anayamba kutulukira zinthu kwambiri sayansi.

Mu 1593 m'kuunika lotulukira woyamba ntchito sayansi wasayansi - buku laconic mutu "Zimango," amene Galileo anafotokoza kuzipenya wake.

maphunziro zakuthambo

Pambuyo buku lakuti "kubadwa" watsopano Galileo Galiley. Mwachidule mbiri ndi kutsegula ake - mutu kuti sangathe ayankhidwa popanda kutchula zochitika za 1609. Ndipotu, pamene Galileo mwini yamanga wosapitirira zakutali eyepiece concave ndi otukukira kunja mandala. zida anapereka ponso pafupifupi katatu. Komabe, patsogolo pa Galileo sanaime. Kupitiriza kusintha zakutali wake, anadza ponso maulendo 32. Zochitika kwa ilili a Dziko Lapansi - Mwezi, Galileo anapeza kuti padziko monga dziko lapansi si mosabisa, ndi kuphimba zosiyanasiyana mapiri ndi zimaphala ambiri. Anayi anapeza mwezi Jupiter a, ndi nyenyezi kudzera galasi n'kuyamba kukula mwachizolowezi, ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba lingaliro la remoteness padziko lonse. The Milky Way anali kudzikundikira yaikulu mamiliyoni matupi atsopano m'mwamba. Komanso, asayansi anayamba kusunga magawo Venus, kufufuza zoyenda dzuwa ndi mfundo za sunspots.

Nkhondo ndi mpingo

Wambiri ya Galileo Galilei - ndi gawo lotsatira mu kukumana kwa sayansi ya nthawi, ndi kuphunzitsa mpingo. Scientist pamaziko a amakumana posachedwa akubwera kunena kuti heliocentric dongosolo la dziko, choyamba akufuna ndi wolungama ndi Copernicus, ndi woona yekha. Izi zikusiyana ndi kutanthauzira lenileni la Masalmo 93 ndi 104, kuwonjezera pa vesi Ecclesiasts 1: 5, amene angapezeke mu Buku kuti kulephera kuyenda dziko lapansi. Galileo anaitanidwa ku Roma, kumene anapereka ankafuna kuti asiye kulimbikitsa "achikunja" maganizo ndi wasayansi ndi anakakamizika kugonjera.

Komabe, kuti Galileo Galiley, amene atulukira panthawiyo anali kale ayesedwa ndi zina m'gulu la sayansi sanasiye. Mu 1632, iye akupanga kusuntha kuchenjerera - limafalitsa buku lotchedwa "kukambirana Ponena awiri Chief World KA -. Ptolemaic ndi Copernican" Ntchito imeneyi inalembedwa mu zachilendo nthawi mawonekedwe a kukambirana, ophunzira zimene zinali mbali ziwiri za chiphunzitso Copernican, komanso wotsatira wa ziphunzitso za Ptolemy ndi Aristotle. Papa Urban VIII, amene bwenzi labwino la Galileo, anapatsa chilolezo kwa buku lakuti. Koma sizinakhalitse - chabe miyezi ingapo ntchito anamuzindikira monga kutsutsa mfundo ya mpingo ndiponso kuletsedwa. wolemba anali anaitana ku khoti ku Rome.

Kufufuza anapita kwa ndithu nthawi yayitali: kuchokera April 21 June 21, 1633. June 22, Galileo anakakamizika kunena mawu ake akufuna, chimene iye amasiya wake "wabodza" zikhulupiriro.

The zaka lomaliza moyo wa wasayansi

Ndinali kugwira ntchito mu mavuto ambiri. Galileo anatumizidwa ku Villa wake Archertri kuti Florence. Apa iye anali anaziika zonse ndi kusaka ndipo analibe ufulu wosankha mzinda (Rome). Mu 1634 anamwalira ndiwotani mwana wamkazi wa sayansi, amene wachita kale kusamalira iye.

Imfa inabwera ku Galileya January 8, 1642. Iye anaikidwa pa dera la Villa, opanda ulemu ndi wopanda ngakhale tombstones. Komabe, mu chaka cha 1737, pambuyo pafupifupi zaka zana, izo anaphedwa chifuniro otsiriza a sayansi ya - phulusa lake anatitumiza kwa yopemphereramo kumene kumakhala Amonke wa Florence Cathedral Santa Kroche. Chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri-March, iye potsiriza komweko, pafupi ndi manda a Michelangelo.

posthumous konzanso

Zinali kumene mu zikhulupiriro zawo Galileo Galilei? Mwachidule mbiri ndi kutsegula ake akhala nkhani mikangano a atsogoleri ndi zounikira za dziko sayansi, tsiku lino, anakamba kwambiri nkhondo ndi mikangano. Komabe, 31 okha December 1992 (!) Yohane Paulo II mwalamulo anavomereza kuti kusaka m'chaka 33rd za m'ma XVII anapanga kulakwitsa, kukakamiza wasayansi kulapa chiphunzitso heliocentric wa chilengedwe chonse, kukonza ndi Nikolaem Kopernikom.