Hydrocephalus: zizindikiro. Hydrocephalus Brain: Zoyambitsa, Matendawa ndi Chithandizo

Mkulu intracranial kuthamanga - ndi matenda, zomwe ndi bwino kuti anthu ambiri. Ndi zachilendo. Pankhaniyi, nthawi zambiri molakwika anaikidwa, popanda kufufuza mokwanira. Koma pa maziko a kudwala matenda aakulu. Mmodzi wa iwo - hydrocephalus. Zizindikiro za matenda amadziwika zokwanira ndi zingadzetse mavuto aakulu.

A pang'ono thunthu

Pa uziyenda yachibadwa ya ubongo wa munthu nthawi zonse osambitsidwa ndi madzi bwino. Ndi chakudya ndi kuteteza izo. madzimadzi amazungulira mu mpata pakati hemispheres zofewa ndi choroid ndi cerebellum. Mu thupi pali malo apadera - akasinja, kumene amasonkhana. Iwo zili m'tsinde a Chigaza lapansi. akasinja izi olumikiza mzake ndi msana. Nkhani imvi wa madzi ili mu ventricles anayi. Izi sizachilendo.

Kumabweretsa madzimadzi cerebrospinal kwa magazi. mlingo okwana ndi 150 ml. The ndondomeko kukhala madzimadzi ndi suction ali mu mgwirizano. Disharmony a muyezo wa mavuto aakulu. Madzimadzi akuyamba kudziunjikira mu ubongo. Ndi zimenezi zimachititsa kapena kuchepa mayamwidwe, kuwonjezeka aliyense kupanga.

Ngati kusokonezedwa outflow wa madzimadzi, wodwalayo akufotokozera hydrocephalus. Zizindikiro zingaoneke mu makanda ndi akulu. Gwero la vuto ndi kuchepetsa wa njira pakati pa ventricles kapena mkhutu mayamwidwe mthupi. Kuzindikira chifukwa kudwala tiyenera kuziganizira, izo zikuwoneka ngati ubongo (chithunzi ali mu pepala). Kawirikawiri matenda zosasangalatsa amawapeza mu akhanda. Malinga ndi ziwerengero aliyense mwana 500th anabadwa mu dziko, okhala tatchulawa vuto lalikulu.

Nthawi zina matenda si matenda obadwa nawo. Medicine, pali milandu kumene zizindikiro za hydrocephalus anali kupezeka pa moyo wa munthuyo. Monga ulamuliro, zimayambitsa kugona mu matenda. Nthawi zambiri cerebrovascular matenda a ubongo amakwiya khate.

matenda

Hydrocephalus wakufayo mogwirizana ndi ndondomeko ndi zinthu. Today mankhwala, pali classifications angapo matenda.

Ndi madzimadzi kudzikundikira malo matenda lagawidwa mitundu:

1. Internal hydrocephalus. Madzimadzi (CSF) amatenga mu ventricles mu kuchuluka owonjezera.
2. Kunja hydrocephalus ubongo. Limatchedwanso lakunja. Ndi mawonekedwe a matenda zimawonedwa kudzikundikira madzimadzi cerebrospinal danga subarachnoid. M'mawu ena, madzi isanafalikire pafupi chigaza lapansi.
3. Total hydrocephalus. Mu mawonekedwe a mowa ali mu ubongo. Iye anapeza mu ventricles ndi danga subarachnoid. Izi mawonekedwe ali dzina lina - wosanganiza hydrocephalus.

Zimayambitsa matenda ana

Waukulu chinthu n'zothandiza matenda a makanda kubadwa kovuta. Monga ulamuliro, tikulankhula za yaitali youma nyengo za kuvulala kwa mwana wosabadwayo, kapena mwana kubadwa analandira.

Nthawi zina pali madzimadzi kudzikundikira mu ubongo wa mwana amene anali m'mimba mwa mayi. kudwala izi chikugwirizana ndi kulanda ndi matenda pakati mkaziyo ndi matenda tizilombo. nsungu makamaka oopsa, toxoplasmosis, malovu England matenda.

Amaona ambiri kobadwa nako hydrocephalus ubongo. Zizindikiro ake kuyamba kuonekera miyezi ya moyo. Komabe, ana okulirapo akhale matenda. Magwero, n'zothandiza matenda aakulu, kwambiri. Ena mwa iwo:

• zotupa ubongo (monga ubongo ndi msana);
• meninjaitisi;
• encephalitis;
• matenda opatsirana (TB);
• ubongo ndi mtima malformations;
• kukha mwazi;
• zoopsa ubongo choipa;
• matenda chibadwa.

Nthawi zina gwero la matenda m'khutu simungathe ngakhale kwabasi.

Zimayambitsa matenda akuluakulu

Sikuti ana anapeza matenda zoopsa. Iwo akhoza kuika pa msinkhu uliwonse. Pali hydrocephalus, kapena monga Anthu ambiri wotchedwa, wambulu ya ubongo akuluakulu chifukwa matenda anasamutsa:

• magazi mu ubongo;
• sitiroko;
• ubongo opaleshoni;
• meninjaitisi;
• matenda oncological ubongo;
• zoopsa ubongo choipa;
• manja a ubongo.

Nthawi zambiri, cerebrovascular matenda a ubongo (atherosclerosis, sitiroko, matenda oopsa) amakhala kukuchitika weniweni wa chitukuko cha hydrocephalus.

Matenda zizindikiro za matenda ana

Cerebrospinal madzimadzi (CSF) amachita ndi ntchito zofunika m'thupi. Ndi chakudya ubongo zonse zakudya ndipo amachotsa kwa izo slag. Panthawi yake outflow wa madzimadzi amachititsa ntchito wabwinobwino wa thupi chachikulu. Aliyense kuphwanya O chaukali zinadzala ndi mavuto. Pambuyo linanena bungwe madzi sasintha. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ventricles zikusefukira. Motero, pali kuwonjezeka awo.

Ambiri mwa matenda "hydrocephalus" Zizindikiro:

• kuwonjezeka mofulumira mutu (amapeza mawonekedwe ozungulira);
• mwana whiny kwambiri ndi kukwiya;
• kuyenda zambiri akusanza kwadzaoneni;
• fontanel limatuluka pamwamba a Chigaza, palibe pulsation;
• maso neonatal kusuntha pansi, masomphenya chatsitsa, nthawizina pali squint;
• angakhale nayo kukomoka;
• kungokhala pamodzimodzi kukula ndi maganizo
• Pafupipafupi kuponya mutu kumbuyo;
• wotumbululuka khungu;
• jitter ndi chibwano miyendo.

Mu ana okulirapo, mutu si kukula, chifukwa mafupa chigaza kuti zinaphatikizidwa pamodzi. The madzi adakali kudziunjikira. mawonetseredwe ili la dokotala adzaona pamene ife tiyang'ana pa mapanga sikani ubongo. Photos adzakhala osiyana kwambiri ndi fano limene ndi anthu athanzi. Monga ulamuliro, ana tikuvutika ndi mutu kwambiri, kusanza, kumverera kwa nseru. Kukumana ndi kuchepa mu kumva, kuona. Mwana ndi wofooka kumeneko.

Symptomatology za matenda akuluakulu

Kusiyanitsa zizindikiro zotsatirazi hydrocephalus:

• chizungulire, kupweteka;
• nseru, kusanza;
• Siimva mutu;
• kukomoka;
• matenda kuyenda ndi ntchito ubongo;
• utachepa ntchito, maonekedwe mphwayi, maganizo;
• amaona masomphenya.

Mbali A la anthu matenda akulu yachibadwa kapena pang'ono kuwonjezeka kuthamanga intracranial. A kupatuka yaing'ono mwakale amadziwika ndi wabwinobwino kuthamanga hydrocephalus. Kufinya nkhani imvi likuvutika madzi kumabweretsa chiwonongeko cha ubongo.

Ngati osokonezeka M'MALO amawapeza hydrocephalus, kuthamanga mkati sasefukira, chifukwa nthawi zambiri chifukwa matenda lagona mu ubongo manja. Choncho, madzi basi amadzadza danga. danga Izi ndi zotsatira za manja.

NKHANI hydrocephalus kunja

Monga pamwamba anaona, matenda awa amakhala ndi kudzikundikira madzimadzi padziko chigaza lapansi. Mowa momasuka kulankhulana ndi wina aliyense wa kutanthauzira kwake. Chotero kunja hydrocephalus ubongo otchedwa poyera. mawonekedwe a pakanema kumafuna kulekana wathunthu wa malo onse ndi madzi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda kuoneka kutopa, kufooka, kusinza. Pangakhale awiri masomphenya, mutu. Nthawi zina - nseru, kusanza. Ayende matenda chakhungu mgwirizano kayendedwe, kusintha gait. Nthawi zina ziwalo anawonjezera incontinence.

Pali milandu imene pali imperceptible chitukuko cha hydrocephalus. Zizindikiro ndi kwina kwathunthu kwa nthawi yaitali. Wodwala zimawonedwa kuthamanga kuwonjezeka. Mutu zimachokeradi.

mawonekedwe sioneka kwambiri amaona kuti kukhala odziletsa hydrocephalus. Iwo amakhala ndi pakalibe zizindikiro kwa zaka zingapo. Panthawi ina alili chatsitsa. Gwero la vuto lagona mu makope ubongo. Kawirikawiri, matenda a "wofatsa hydrocephalus ubongo" nthawi zambiri aikidwa mosintha. Dokotala anaona kuvutika mu fundus bwino.

Mokoma hydrocephalus mkati

Mtundu wa matenda yodziwika ndi kudzikundikira madzimadzi mu ventricles lapansi. Internal hydrocephalus chingachitike n'chiyani mayamwidwe osauka CSF mu minofu. Zifukwa zodabwitsazi akhoza anasamutsa matenda, sitiroko, subarachnoid m'dera mtsempha occlusion ndi thrombus.

Mawonetseredwe khalidwe la matenda amakhala mutu kwambiri. Kuti nseru ake, timalumikizanso maganizo amene'wa, chakhungu ntchito zithunzi ndi Makutu. Komabe, monga pamwambapa anafotokoza mawonekedwe a matenda, hydrocephalus aakulu amtengo mwina kuonekera mwa chizindikiro chilichonse.

Mkuluyu mawonekedwe a matenda

Kukula kwa hydrocephalus amenewa amagwirizana ndi kudzikundikira madzimadzi mu ventricles, ndi m'madera pafupi chigaza lapansi. Akukhulupirira kuti kupitirira ubongo manja am'kwiyitsa wosanganiza hydrocephalus. Ndi mawonekedwe zotsatira matenda yowonjezera ventricles ndi malo subarachnoid. Komabe, iwo ndichepe amakwiya kuwonjezeka mu ubongo minofu ya manja.

Olowa m'malo Hydrocephalus - matenda aakulu amene danga ubongo m'malo madzimadzi cerebrospinal. The chiopsezo cha mawonekedwe matenda komanso anthu okalamba amene anapezeka matenda oopsa, atherosclerosis. Kubwezeretsanso gulu la odwala ndi Kusakhazikika kwa khosi vertebrae, anali akukonza ndi concussion. Chiopsezo kuti khate, ndi anthu amene amakonda mowa.

Mu mawonekedwe zizindikiro mwina kwina kwathunthu. Kapena anaonetsa chizungulire pafupipafupi, kulimbikira kusinza, nseru, kusanza.

Kupeza Vuto matenda

matenda n'chotheka ndikatha kumfunsafunsa zonse za mtima. Poyamba, ankaphunzira fundus ocular. Kenako, mtima wa akulangizidwa kuti alandire maphunziro zina monga neurosonography, Kujambula, CT. Akuganiza matenda zoopsa ndi zizindikiro khalidwe ndi kuika matenda koyamba Mwina dokotala (dokotala), ndi neonatologist, ndi neurosurgeon kapena matenda okhudza ubongo.

Kwa ana asanakwanitse zaka 2 kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito njira zothandiza - neurosonography. Chotero ndondomeko n'zotheka bola neonatal fontanelle sanatero pafupi. Makanda, pali malo ena a Chigaza, ndi yodziwika ndi fupa woonda kwambiri. Malowa alinso kwambiri "akupanga mawindo." Mwachitsanzo, fupa zosatha bwino yoti phunziroli. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza kudziwa kukula kwa ventricles ndi kuulula pamaso pa zotupa danga-agwilitse (cysts, haematomas, chotupa), Kupeza Vuto ena zolakwa ubongo. Ndi njira tatchulawa si wolondola zokwanira. Choncho ana kuchita bwino Kujambula.

Chinthu chapadera ndi luso oterewa wamkulu madandaulo mtima. Ndi zosonkhanitsira deta mokwanira zoona ubongo amati chitukuko cha kudwala izi. Komabe, kuunikidwa sikokwanira kutsirizitsa matenda. Choncho, wamkulu odwala dokotala akuonetsa m'mutu ndipo anamupeza. Kuti kafukufuku amasonyeza aliyense kudwala ubongo.

Wamkulu Angiography akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo X-ray a chigaza tomography. Ngati pakutchulidwa matenda kugwirizana ndi matenda enaake, ndi yopimira amagwira ntchito mu DNA kapena chitetezo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mu hydrocephalus wamkulu kusiyanitsa ndi zotupa ubongo. Ana - mavuto a rickets.

mankhwala

Ndi kupitilira wozengereza matenda akhoza anasankha mankhwala ndiwofatsa. Akuluakulu, ili njira mankhwala Mzimuyo mawonekedwe lotseguka matenda. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti kusankha njira kuthana ndi matenda amanyamula yekha dokotala.

Kawirikawiri, hydrocephalus ubongo ayenera zotsatirazi mankhwala ndiwofatsa:

1. Kuchepetsa mkulu intracranial kuthamanga. Zolinga ngati dotolo chimaika amatanthauza "Diakarb" "Furosemide". Landirani kukonzekera deta anapanga yaitali. Nthawi zambiri ndi funso la miyezi ingapo.
2. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi. Akuti kwambiri mulingo woyenera mankhwala "Glycerol" "Mannitol".
3. Kulimbikitsa ziwiya ndi bwino zonse electrolyte. Pofuna kukwaniritsa mawu amenewa, ntchito zowonjezera potaziyamu.
4. Kuchepa kwa mowa. Ndi chida chabwino "Acetazolamide."
5. Medical needling. njirayi ndi yabwino kokha kwa makanda. Njira imeneyi kuchotsa madzimadzi owonjezera ku ubongo kudzera fontanelle nezarosshy.
6. Zobwezeretsa mankhwala. Odwala zambiri zoikidwa ndi paini, mchere kusamba. Anasankha njira yapadera ya mavitamini. Complementing mankhwala izi zakupha chikumbumtima wothandizira.
7. Chithandizo cha matenda amene amayamba kukula kwa hydrocephalus. Kufunika kwa mankhwala chifukwa anapeza mawonekedwe a matenda.

Mu nkhani ya kulephera kwa mankhwala pamwamba, madokotala amalangiza opaleshoni. Danae ndondomeko amalola odwala kukwaniritsa ayambe zina - ngakhale mankhwala wathunthu. Nthawi zina opaleshoni umalimbana kupulumutsa moyo wa wodwala.

Opaleshoni chithandizo. contraindications

Mwatsoka, ogwira njira mankhwala a kulimbana ndi matenda pa siteji iliyonse si chozama. Mankhwalawa pamwamba ntchito njira wofatsa matendawa. Childs, njira awa mwangwiro kuchepetsa kuthamanga intracranial ndi kuteteza wodwalayo zosokonezeka. Madokotala mosamalitsa kulamulira otaya mphamvu ya hydrocephalus.

Ngati muli prerequisites kulikonse kwa alowererepo opaleshoni ayenera kuonedwa, ena contraindications. Palibe ntchito zotsatirazi sangathe anachita ngati wodwalayo:

• loyenda kutupa chipolopolo ubongo;
• njira sizingasinthe (khungu, ugonthi, khunyu, matenda okhudza ubongo).

kulambalala

Zikatero, ngati ubongo si anabwezeretsa limagwirira wa linanena bungwe madzimadzi, dokotala n'kukulemberani opaleshoni. kokha opaleshoni akhoza kukuthandizani Zikatero. Hydrocephalus m'mbuyomu posachedwapa bwino adzathetsedwa kokha - pochitika opaleshoni.

Cholinga cha phukusi ndi kubwezeretsa linanena bungwe la CSF ku ubongo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, anaika shunt. Yamitsempha yamagazi catheter anaika mu ventricle lateral. vavu Special amapereka lamulo la outflow madzimadzi. Zotumphukira catheter anadzetsa m'dera matenda kapena mu zonse m'mimba. Izi zimathandiza kuti konza mayamwidwe wa CSF. Nthawi zina, pambuyo excision a impso achire wa madzimadzi ikuchitika mu ureter lapansi.

Opaleshoni imeneyi angapo matendawo zotheka ndi kuipa. Ena mwa iwo ndi izi:

• shunt matenda;
• kuwonongeka mawotchi dongosolo ophatikizidwa;
• kuphwanya shunt magwiridwe;
• msanga outflow wa madzimadzi cerebrospinal.

Mu zinthu izi, m'pofunika kubwereza opaleshoni.

opaleshoni endoscopic

Njira imeneyi ndi ambiri lero. Endoscopy kumafuna amacheka yaing'ono. Izi kwambiri amachepetsa chiopsezo mavuto alionse. Wodwalayo, amachepetsa nthawi konzanso. Pa opaleshoni, dokotalayo akutsogolera outflow wa madzimadzi mu thanki ya ubongo zambiri amatha kuyamwa mowa ndi. Choncho, akuchira kufalitsa yachibadwa a madzi. Wopambana opareshoni kwathunthu amaiwala kufunika kukhazikitsa shunt. Wodwala abwerera kumka ku moyo wabwinobwino.

cephalotrypesis

phukusi amafuna hydrocephalus ubongo, mavuto a omwe amanama yosiyana kumathandiza outflow wa madzimadzi. Monga ulamuliro, tikulankhula za aneurysms, zotupa. Malinga malo, iwo amatha kutchinga njira likvoroprovodyaschie. Zikatero, ndi craniotomy. Monga ulamuliro, pa opaleshoni kulenga njira zatsopano outflow wa madzimadzi.

Zotsatira za matendawa

Matendawa akhoza kuyambitsa encephalomalacia - minofu necrosis. Chifukwa cha matenda magazi a m'madera ubongo manja amapezeka. Zimene zimachitika ndi kulisiya. Nthawi zambiri, ndiye kuti akhoza kuchita chilema hydrocephalus. Zizindikiro mokwanira zosokoneza chikoka pa chamoyo. Wodwalayo angasiye maganizo ndi galimoto luso.

A Vuto wamba matenda ndi matenda dislocation. Iwo amakhala ndi psinjika a ubongo ndi pakutchulidwa maganizo a chikumbumtima, chikomokere ndipo nthawi zambiri.

matenda obadwa mwina suspend chitukuko pa msinkhu uliwonse. Zoterezi zotsatira wodwalayo kwathunthu kapena pang'ono anawachiritsa. Pankhani ya kupitilira mofulumira ana kawirikawiri moyo kwa zaka 5-6.

zodzitetezera

Lamulo ikulu ni kuti athe kutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala pa mankhwala mimba phwando. Pa nthawi imeneyi, muyenera mosamala kupewa matenda aliwonse, ndipo makamaka - HIV. Ndi bwino pamaso mimba kuti katemera matenda amene poyamba mayi woyembekezera sakuwupweteka. M'pofunika kwathunthu kuthetsa mowa ndi fodya.

Akulu ayenera kusamala za thanzi lawo. Nthawi matenda matenda, amazisamalira bwino. Izi ndi zowona makamaka ndi matenda a chapakati mantha dongosolo, mitsempha ya magazi, mtima, msana. M'pofunika kupewa kupweteka mutu. Zabwino zopewera muyeso ndi matenda ambiri - izo ndi ochangamuka, athanzi moyo. Yesani kulimbikitsa m'thupi mwanu. Samalani kulemera normalization. Ndipo palibe matenda mudzakhala gopa!