Soviet Russia: zaka 1920

Mu 1917-1918, zasintha zambiri zikuluzikulu mu map ndale. The abdication a Nicholas II namtsata patangopita miyezi yochepa kuti October kuukira boma zinachititsa kuti kugwa kwa Russian Ufumu mapangidwe pa mabwinja ake a mtundu boma. Komanso pa nthawi ino iwo unagawidwa Austria-Hungary. The First World nkhondo anali mavuto kotero kuti kugwa limati lalikulu loloseredwa - ndi lightest cha zotsatira zake.

Soviet Russia: zaka za kukhalako

Periodization la magawo mbiri ya chitukuko cha madera, omwe anapangidwa pambuyo kugwa kwa Russian Ufumu, wakhala maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga mawu otchuka "Soviet Russia". Zaka kuli chotero boma kapena dera lawo ndiponso madera kucheza mbiri yakale kusiyanitsa magulu osiyana mu njira zosiyana.

Ena amakhulupirira kuti boma lotchedwa Soviet Russia uko ku October 1917 December 1922. Kodi maganizo awo? Mpaka October 1917 dziko anali Provisional boma, ndiye panali kusintha ndi Bolsheviks anayamba kulamulira. The zaka zisanu mpaka 1922 - nthawi ya mapangidwe boma latsopano lalikulu. December 30, 1922 ndi USSR kuli mwalamulo formalized kudzera kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution.

Gulu lachiwiri la mbiri yakale ndi a maganizo Russia m'nyengo Soviet - ndi lingaliro okuta lonse mbiri zapakati pa nthawi ya utasintha kwa kugwa kwa USSR mu 1991. Chifukwa chiyani? Akukhulupirira kuti Soviet Russia, mu kukhalapo kwa amene adakali chikuyambitsa mkangano mbiri yakale, izi ndi mafumu yemweyo, amene akusonkhanitsa gawo ethnically mlendo.

Mavuto a za ndale ku Russia mu nthawi kuchokera 1917 mpaka 1922

nthawi izi zikhoza kukhala mmodzi wa zovuta kwambiri mu mbiri ya dera East Asilavo anafotokoza. Kumbali ndale - wathunthu njakata, chifukwa pa zaka zonsezi, yosatha yapachiweniweni nkhondo. The atasemphana nawo mbali maganizo osiyanasiyana a ndale, "ofiira" (, chikominisi, ndi proletarian kayendedwe, asilikali unit wa Red Army), "alonda White" (othandiza zimene monarchical, asilikali a General Denikin ndi atsogoleri ena a asilikali), "n'ngopandukira" (kayendedwe Nestora Mahno). Kumene, Makhno yaitali anamenyana pa dera la Ukraine ano, koma chikoka cha malingaliro awo ndi kufalikira ku Russia yokha. chitsutso ndale limodzi ndi kumenyana lalikulu lankhondo kuti anawononga anthu ogwira ntchito ndi kuwononga chuma cha boma.

Soviet Russia zaka 20: mmene chuma chikuyendera

Development wa chuma, kapena kani, kusowa wonse wa, anali mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi nyengo ya nkhondo. Utatha mafumu ndi nkhondo wotsatira, mabizinezi ambiri zinawonongedwa. Komanso, mamembala a Party Communist kuyambira mu 1919, akuyendera malamulo a nkhondo chikominisi ndi ubweya. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Ikuchitika kuwonongedwa kotheratu ubale chofunika ndalama, ndi nationalization maofesi mafakitale ndi expropriation a wamba m'matangadza tirigu. Kulephera kupulumutsa mbewu kumudzi akhoza kulowa m'gulu la asilikali zonse. Ndi bwino kuposa izo anaopseza wamba ...

USSR monga boma

Soviet Russia - kodi zaka? Akatswiri a mbiri yakale simunaphunzire kugwirizana pa nkhani imeneyi, koma osauka dziko kuti angatchedwe pokhapokha mapangidwe wa USSR. Pamenepo anakhala du woyamba asanu Zaka Plan, ndi Policy Chatsopano Economic polima. Ndithudi, sitingathe kunena kuti kwambiri adakula umoyo wa anthu, koma chinthu chachikulu - nkhondoyo inatha ndipo dziko potsiriza anapambana bata.

The USSR unakhazikitsidwa ngati anagwirizana Luntha. Pakati pa adayambitsa Union anasaina mgwirizano, amene anakhala anthu a RSFSR, Ukraine, Belarus ndi Transcaucasian Socialist Republic. Utsogoleli boma anali zowoneka yophatikiza mfundo yogwirizana ndi mphamvu (kupanda zilekanitse malamulo ndi wamkulu).

Mabungwe a boma la Soviet Russian

Mu zaka zoyambirira za mphamvu Soviet anapanga mtundu zatsopano za boma. Waukulu zitsulo collegial bungwe - Nsonga zinalili onse pakati ndi m'munda. Bungwe tichipeza oimira mabungwe akuluakulu anthu wamba - mabungwe malonda, makomiti fakitale. Makamaka mu matupi kasamalidwe ka utsogoleri wolowezana anali Onse-Russian Congress la Soviet Union. N'zoona sizinayende nthawi zonse. Pa nthawi imeneyo, pamene panalibe congresses, ntchito zake anatitumiza Onse-Russian Komiti Executive Central. Kutchula mphamvu ndi ufulu mongoganiza malamulo anali Bungwe la anthu Commissars (m'boma).

Pambuyo 1922 panali kusintha, chifukwa ziwalo phwando ili pa malo oyamba mu dongosolo mphamvu. Ngakhale boma Soviet Russia, pamene heyday amene anali mkudza, akhala dziko la Russia, koma kwenikweni pa mutu wa moyo wonse zandale ndiponso amakhala VIP mu nyengo (b).

The mfundo yachilendo ya Soviet Russia mu 1920s ndi,

ndi Bolsheviks ankaona katundu wa ulimi zokomera, ntchito yake yaikulu m'bwalo lonse pa dziko. Mu munda mu 1918 zinali angakhale ena kupambana (German Kukwera).

mayendedwe atatu mfundo yachilendo akhoza kugawidwa mu zaka zoyambirira za Soviet Russia:

• kusaina wa Brest-Litovsk Mtendere;
• polimbana alowererepo zida m'gawo la Germany ndi akuluakulu a Entente;
• Rapallo Pangano mu 1924.

Pomaliza

Mapeto a 1910s-1920s anali pa dziko zovuta. Zinali bwino kuthetsa chiwonongeko cha nkhondo ndi kuyamba kumanga anthu atsopano mu mawu chikhalidwe. Koma ngakhale izi sangathe kulungamitsa mopitirira muyezo zimene zakhala ndi boma nthawi kuchokera 1918 mpaka 1921 (nkhondo chikominisi ndi requisitioning). Ndi kutsirizitsa chatsopano Union State mu 1922 pang'onopang'ono zinayamba kusintha moyo, zimene zinachititsa kuti ena zosangalatsa za kukakamiza anthu.