Kutha kwa Soviet Union kuti: chikoka kunja kapena chiwembu mkati?

Mwalamulo, kugwa kwa USSR, tsiku limene lidagwa pa 8 December 1991, unayambitsidwa pa dera la Bialowieza Forest, ndipo makamaka - mu malo Viskuli. Ndiye Chirasha, Chiyukireniya ndi Chibelarusi atsogoleri anasaina pangano, malinga ndi zomwe analenga wa Commonwealth of Independent States. Patapita kanthawi, pa December 21, linagwirizana ndi zisanu ndi zitatu mayiko ena akale. Choncho, kugwa kwa USSR zinachitika zaka 69 pambuyo maziko ake.

Tsopano, lingaliro chimodzi pankhani ya gwero waukulu Union kulibe. Ena amanena kuti zimenezi zinachitika chifukwa cha kugwa mu mitengo mafuta pa misika dziko, limene anayambika ndi boma US. Ena amakhulupirira kuti zimenezi zachititsa chopereka Mikhail Gorbachev. Pamene enanso amakhulupirira kuti zimene zinachitika - chipatso wosakhutira njira otchuka authoritarian Boma mu dziko ndi yaitali motero mavuto umoyo ndi zachuma. Kufalitsa malingaliro akuti kugwa Soviet Union zinachitika chifukwa chiwerengero cha masoka opangidwa ndi boma asilikali a ndale a zigonjetso. Pali mfundo zina.

Mwandichitira chiwembu chiphunzitso lero ambiri kwambiri. Malinga ndi iye, kugwa ndi limodzi mwa mayiko amphamvu kwambiri zachitika chifukwa cha ntchito zogwirizana ndi mosalekeza kwa anzeru a dziko lapansi, amene ankatsutsa boma. Othandiza chiphunzitso china ndikukhulupirira kuti izo zinali Achimereka chikwiyire kugwa kwa USSR. Gorbachev anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu izo, kuwapatsa munda yovomerezeka ntchito ya "perestroika". Zimenezi, chikhulupiriro lawo lofuna, cholinga chake chinali pamwamba pa zonse kusintha malamulo maganizo. Oyimira a anzeru Russian amene analankhula vanguard onse atsopano, anali ukasintha anapambutsa ndi zochokera kwa limati Western. Cha m'ma Mipingo ya atumwi wotsiriza, anthu awa ntchito adafuna tibwereze zinachitikadi, kuwapatsa tanthauzo losiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zokomera zisinthe wa 1917 chaka unkatchedwa kulanda boma. Ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti iwo anali kulondola.

Komabe, azambiriyakale ambiri samagwirizana ndi chakuti kugwa kwa USSR anali kuyamba ndi zinthu zina. Pamapeto pa izi zikusonyeza kuti Soviet osankhika ndale, kuyambira m'katikati mwa zaka zao za sikisite, komabe zochepa kukhulupirira mfundo zake lovomerezeka ndi yosintha mu admirers amatsogoza bourgeois. Komanso, pochita zinthu ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana muzochitika zones za ntchito unafalikira "malamulo telefoni", ndi ziphuphu. The Party Communist, anthu ambiri kale anagwirizana osati mwa tiganizira maganizo, monga kale, koma kuti si kutaya mwayi ntchito. Zonsezi, pamodzi ndi kugwa chikhulupiriro pakati pa anthu dongosolo zokomera a boma, sanathe koma afooketse izo kuchokera mkati. Choncho Baibulo uyu ali ndi ufulu kulibe.

Choncho, motsimikiza kuti chimodzi mwa zifukwa izi ndi kuti, chifukwa cha zomwe kugwa kwa USSR panali zovuta. Mosakayikira, yankho la funso limeneli liyenera kuwaphunzira comprehensively. M'mawu ena, kuti kugwa ngati boma lamphamvu, zikuoneka kuti atsogolere kuchotsedwa zochitika zonsezi.