Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula: Ndondomeko ya ntchito ndi masiteji

Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula anali mmodzi wa nagonjetsa lalikulu la Red Army pa siteji yoyamba ya Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Iye unachitikira mavuto. Chifukwa cha kulephera kwa opareshoni anali poyera mavuto a Soviet Army ndi apanyanja, zimene zathandiza kupewa m'tsogolo. Kwa anagwirizana landings mu Normandy Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula anali mmodzi wa wofuna kwambiri.

prehistory

Crimea utakhala unayamba mu 1941. Mwa yophukira oyambirira, Wehrmacht anagwira pafupifupi dera lonse la SSR Chiyukireniya. Atagwa Kiev zoyembekezeredwa amanyansidwa zinatha. Monga "mphika" anali gawo lalikulu la makamu nchito ya kutsogolo lonse. Iwo anayamba abwerere kum'mawa. Mu September, Ajeremani kale pa njira ku Crimea. Kufunika kwa chilumbachi ndi kumvetsedwa mwangwiro mwa onsewo. Choyamba, lili ulamuliro pa mbali ya Black Sea. Makamaka chifukwa cha mosinthasintha Turkey. Chimene, ngakhale mothandizidwa ndi ulamuliro wa Hitler, koma nkhondo sanalowe.

Peninsula analinso ndi zabwino mpweya m'munsi. Iwo anali naye zouluka zoponya mabomba Soviet, amene ntchito kunyanyala njira mpweya pa zitsime za mafuta za ku Romania. Choncho, pa September 26 Wehrmacht anapita nagonjetsa pa kamtunda kopita ku chilumba. Pasanathe mwezi umodzi kenako chilumba anali pafupifupi mwathunthu analandidwa. asilikali Soviet yanyamuka Taman. Uko kunali Sevastopol, amene amunamuna chitetezo ndi kupitirirabe. Panthawi imeneyi, Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula anabadwa mu Stavka.

maphunziro

Chifukwa cha achire ku Crimea, malo okha anali kulimbikira kwa Sevastopol. City unachitikira chitetezo zozizwitsa, ngakhale blockage zonse padziko lapansi, ndi zochepa chabe kotunga mwa nyanja. The Germany akhala mikuntho pang'ono, koma iwo onse sizinandithandize. Choncho, mkulu wa asilikali Gulu Manstein anaganiza kuzungulira mzinda. Anazungulira ndi agglomeration yaikulu anatenga pafupifupi onse ankhondo. Pa yemweyo Kerch boti kumbuyo yekha Chigawo chimodzi mwa Wehrmacht.

Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula mwakuchita General Kozlov. Pakuti kuzindikira ake ankhondo awiri ankagwira. Pasanathe sabata ziwiri, kutsogozedwa ndi General Kozlov anayamba zotheka ankafika njira. Chifukwa cha kusowa nkhokwe Gawolo liyambire aku Iran gulu lonse lankhondo anali kudzipatula. Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula anaikidwa padziko December 26. Ndondomeko ikukhudza nkhonya munthawi yomweyo kuti Feodosia ndi Khwalala. asilikali Soviet kuyendetsa dziko la Germany kunja kwa mzinda, ndipo anazungulira lonse mdani gulu. Lamulo chikuyembekezeka chigonjetso mwamsanga, kuyambira waukulu mphamvu German anali anaikira pafupi Sevastopol. Pa Kerch yomweyo anaphimba kokha asilikali ka Germany ndi ochepa Romania makamu. Kale pa nthawi Wogwila adadziwa Romania mankhwala ndi sinkakhala ndi kuukira yaikulu ndiponso sitikhoza kupita nako pa chitetezo yaitali.

Ngati lopambana, Red Army akhoza kuwononga mdani grouping m'dera la pachilumbachi. Izi adzalola yoletsedwa chikudutsa gawo latsopano pa gombe ndi Taman. Kenako, asilikali a Soviet akhoza msanga kusamukira kumadzulo ndipo anagunda kumbuyo kwa asilikali German, atazungulira Sevastopol. Monga pakati pa Kozlov, pambuyo kukonzanso kutsegula kwa mzinda akhoza kuyamba zikuluzikulu tiponye Crimea.

kunyanyala loyamba

Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula mu 1941-1942 anayamba twente-sikisi la December. "Support" nkhonyayo woyamba anagwidwa. Iye osati analumala magulu ankhondo, koma zinapangitsa wake ku cholinga chachikulu - Feodosiya. Ndi thandizo la Black Sea zombo, asilikali a Soviet mwachinsinsi anapita gombe. Pambuyo zida zankhondo akukhudzidwa anayamba ankafika. Tikufika zinachitika mu mavuto adzaoneni. The gombe sanali oyenera zombo mooring ndi mabwato. Komanso Germany anayamba shelling akubwera. Choncho, asilikaliwo kudumpha mu madzi atangomaliza kuya akukwana kupita. Kuti ndi ozizira December tsiku Red Army anali khosi akuya mu madzi achisanu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, panali chachikulu thanzi imfa chifukwa hypothermia. Koma patapita masiku angapo kutentha waponya kwambiri, ndi Khwalala chisanu. Choncho, yotsala ya asilikali 51-TH akubwera kudutsa ayezi kale.

Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula 1941-1942 malangizo yaikulu ya twente-chinayi chiwerengero. Mosiyana ankafika mu Kerch, Feodosia ankafika ku chikuchitika mwachindunji pa doko. asilikali anafika pa gombe ndipo nthawi yomweyo anathamangira ku nkhondo. Mu tsiku loyamba Ine anakwanitsa kumtunda anthu pafupifupi 40 zikwi malangizo onse. German tawuni asilikali anali anthu zikwi zitatu. kukana awo anatha kubisa kumapeto kwa tsiku. Pambuyo ankafika mu Feodosia pa Nazi anaopseza lazungulira wathunthu. Mu Kerch kunja unachitikira yekha Chigawo chimodzi cha German ndi Romania malangizo phiri.

mthunzi

Pa GHQ pasanapite nthawi atamva zotsatira anabweretsa Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula. Magulu a zipani mu Kerch anali wosiyana. asilikali Soviet anali kangapo kuposa German chiwerengero. Choncho, General Von Sponeck waganiza kuyamba mthunzi kumadzulo. Order anayamba kusewera yomweyo. Nazi kuloŵa kupewa kujowina makamu awiri ankafika. Komabe, mkulu wa Crimea kutsogolo Manstein analetsa mthunzi uliwonse. Iye ankaopa kuti ngati achire wa asilikali Soviet adzatha andipeze ndi makamu German ndipo Romania mbaavunga.

Kuti linali dongosolo, ndi utsogoleri Soviet. Kugonjetsedwa kwa Kerch asilikali kungachititse kuti kuchepa kwa mphamvu German. msewu wopita Sevastopol linatsegulidwa kwa Red Army. Komabe, asilikali sanali patsogolo mofulumira. M'malo yojambula mwamsanga kumadzulo, asilikali makumi chachinayi anasamukira ku mbali ya Kerch kuti akakomane ndi ankhondo makumi asanu oyamba. kuchedwa kumeneku analola Germany kuti apeze kufalikira malire atsopano a chitetezo pafupi Sivash. Panali anakoka nkhokwe ndi zida lolemera. Mu Berlin, nthawi yomweyo anayamba kuyankha mwamsanga pamene anamva kuti anayamba Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula. Gawo 1 analola asilikali a Soviet kuti apeze poponda pa gombe. Komabe, mbali aakulu anali kubwera.

malo ovuta

Akadzagonjetsedwa dziko la Germany mu Feodosia ndi Kerch Red Army mayunitsi anali wotopa kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa makamaka zinthu muyeso wa ankafika pa. Ice madzi, zimakhudza otsika kutentha ndi zina mkhalidwe woipa wa thanzi la anthu. Pa bridgehead sanali kuchipatala limodzi. Choncho, asilikali ovulala anali kudalira chithandizo choyamba-chithandizo. Iwo ndiye anali ku Kerch ndipo kuchokera kumeneko, kuwoloka nyanja ku Chile. Avulala sanali nthawi wakutheker kugonjetsa kutali.

Komanso, sikunali kotheka kukhazikitsa bwato chifukwa cha kuukira zonse ndi ndege German. ndalama chitetezo sanali anaperekedwa pa nthawi. Choncho, mfundo ndege sanali kukumana wotsutsa aliyense. Chifukwa, ichi kwambiri anakhudzidwa Zombo Zankhondo ambiri.

Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula: 2 siteji

Pasanathe sabata Red Army retook gombe lonse. Lopondereza kukana anali kuletsedwa mwamsanga mokwanira. Chifukwa kumachitika mu Romania mbali Wehrmacht analowa membala wawo wa ndodo ya alonda German. chitetezo ya walimba pamodzi Sivash malo oyenda Regiment. The malangizo yaikulu ya nkhonya kwa asilikali Soviet anali njanji, amene anapereka 11 Army wa Wehrmacht. Mogwirizana ndi kufooka kwa asilikali Nazi, ndalama mkulu analamula kuukira mwamsanga pa West. Malinga ndi dongosolo, Kozlov anali kupita kumbuyo la Germany atazungulira Sevastopol ndi kuwagonjetsa iwo. Kenako, anali ayambitse wina amanyansidwa zikuluzikulu ndi kumasula Crimea onse. Komabe, ambiri anakaikira motalika kwambiri. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti iye sadziwa zinthu kuponya. Mwakuwoneka bwino Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula asilikali Soviet anabweretsa wosasangalala. Nazi counterattacked.

Mwezi wotsatira, makumi awiri akukonza latsopano zikuluzikulu zolawula. Kuti akathandize yabzalidwa nyumba zina ku Sudak. Ndi nyanja ndi ayezi anabwera ndi zipolopolo kubwezeretsa. Komabe, mmodzi wa asilikali yabwino ya ulamuliro wa Hitler kumenya Kozlov. M'katikati mwa January, mwadzidzidzi Anazi anapezerapo amanyansidwa awo. Nkhonyayo waukulu unagwa pa bwino zokhalamo mzere kutsogolo pamphambano wa makamu awiri. Patapita masiku atatu, a ku Germany anafika malo awo oyambirira. Pakutha pa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu January anagwa Theodosius. Posachedwapa anabzala Sudak Troopers anali kukana wosimidwa. Kwa zaka pafupifupi milungu iwiri ya Red Army kumenyana alimba mtima ndi pafupifupi mphamvu zonse ndawapatsa miyoyo yawo pa nkhondo. katundu zombo Zinapereka anawonongedwa. Pambuyo pa imfa ya doko limodzi la asilikali Soviet awoloke okha Kerch pa ayezi.

Kukonzekera misampha wina

Pambuyo lamulo limeneli analengedwa mu osiyana kutsogolo Crimea. Amakhala kale mu gulu lankhondo Peninsula ndi kugwirizana latsopano. Kumalire aku Iran anachotsa makumi chiwiri Army asilikali. Lamulo kukanyamula kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zipangizo. Wa limaitana watumidwa ndi Commissioner wapadera. Iwo anayamba kukonzekera tingalimbanirane. Iwo anali inakonzedwa mapeto a February. cholinga mdani mphamvu Sevastopol zoona, Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula udaikidwa kuti awononge ndi. Crimea Front itakula zida zankhondo regiments ndi akasinja katundu pa mwezi wonse.

Makumi awiri February chiwiri amanyansidwa anayamba. Anakonza kuganizira nkhonyayo chachikulu Kerch. Komabe, panako- kupewedwa ndi nyengo. The m'firiji pamtunda anayamba, nawatsanulira mvula. Slush, dothi kupewedwa amanyansidwa katundu makina. Akasinja, makamaka lolemera, musakhale ndi oyenda pa. Chifukwa, Germany ndi anatha kupirira nkhondo ya Red Army. gawo limodzi lokha la kutsogolo anatha anagumula mzere kumbuyo. Osati kupirira alimbane la Romania asilikali. Komabe, asilikali a Soviet analephera kukulitsa bwino koyamba. Manstein ankadziwa kuti likuoneka kuti aswe amasulidwe Red Army mu pambali wa asilikali ake. Choncho anatumiza nkhokwe lomaliza kugwira mzere, ndipo anapereka zotsatira. anapitiriza kumenyana lolemera mpaka wachitatu wa March. Koma kwambiri chitsogolo ndipo analephera.

Nkhondo ya mphamvu Kerch Peninsula Crimea kutsogolo anapitiriza m'ma March. Eyiti magulu oyenda, mothandizidwa ndi brigades awiri thanki, unkatchedwa zolawula. Pa nthawi yomweyo wa anazinga Sevastopol anakantha Maritime Army. Koma kutulukira analephera kuti iwo awo. Germany kuganizira kuukira khumi pa tsiku. Koma Anazi 'chitetezo chiyani sakwanitsa kubooleza. Ena mankhwala anali wopambana, koma sanathe udindowo. Pambuyo pake, kutsogolo okhazikika ndi mphamvu ya nkhondoyo ali utachepa.

German zolawula

Pakutha March mphamvu Soviet anataya anthu zana zikwi khumi kuyambira anayamba Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula. Gawo lachitatu anayamba kuukira German. Ine anakonza mosamalitsa ndi yaitali. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, protrusion kutsogolo anapanga zinalephereka kuukira Red Army (otchedwa Arc) kumene magawano Romania idagonjetsedwa. Magulu waukulu wa asilikali Union anaikira pano. Ali kumwera kwa chitetezo anatenga magulu atatu okha.

Manstein anaganiza kuzemba, anapha kum'mwera. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, reinforcements kwambiri anatumizidwa ku Crimea. Panzer Division lopangidwa ndi magalimoto zana ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu anafika ku mzinda wa Sevastopol. The Germany anachita kufufuza ndipo ndinapeza zofooka chitetezo wa asilikali Soviet. Kuthandiza nagonjetsa wopita Anazi ankafuna ntchito ndegeyo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, mkulu munthu wa Hitler, pachilumbachi watumidwa kwa Air Corps. Komanso, ndege anafika ku Romania. Komabe, oyendetsa magalimoto anali yekha Germany.

mphamvu Soviet anali pafupi kwambiri kutsogolo. Izi kukumbukira mboni zambiri zochitika. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, anali inept lamulo Mehlis Kozlov ndipo zinachititsa kuti tsoka wotsatira. M'malo kusiya kugawikana kumbuyo pamene iwo anali shelling kunja zone, iwo nthawi zonse lotengeka patsogolo.

koopsya kugonjetsedwa

Nagonjetsa anayamba pa chiwiri wa May. kuukira Land unachitika aviapodgotovka. Luftwaffe anaukira mipherezero ya pasadakhale reconnoitered. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, magulu Soviet anataya katundu m'madera ambiri. likulu la munthu wa makamu anali ataphedwa. Motero, lamulo ankadutsa msilikali Kotov.

Tsiku lotsatira anayamba oyenda zolawula. Ndi thandizo la akasinja katundu Germany anagumula kutsogolo pakuya makilomita asanu. Mwadzidzidzi Impact analephera kusonyeza mderali. Komanso kumbuyo kwa asilikali Red Army inatera. manambala wake ali ang'onoang'ono, koma anadabwa kuukira kwa nyanja chifukwa mantha musachoke m'gulu la asilikali Soviet. Ndi May, lachisanu ndi chinayi Manstein adalowa nkhondo ina zambiri Gulu lake. The Germany anakwanitsa potsiriza kubooleza kutsogolo nazigawa pafupifupi buku lonse kum'mwera gulu. Mwamsanga zitachitika izo, ndi Wehrmacht zinayamba mu kumpoto, kuopseza kuti akanthe pa pambali a magulu otsalira a Crimea kutsogolo.

Ine kuganizira zinthu zoopsa, usiku wakhumi wa May pali anakambirana pambali pakati Stalin ndi Kozlov. Anaganiza kuti mupewe kwa malire atsopano a chitetezo. Koma pambuyo pa German mpweya kuukira leaderless asilikali amanyansidwa sakanakhoza. A nkhonya latsopano anagwidwa mu chitsogozo cha Cimmerian kutsinde, omwe apatsidwa udindo wa malire atsopano a chitetezo. Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula asilikali Soviet analephera. Anabzala ndi kuukira mpweya German anathandiza potsiriza kubooleza chitetezo ya. The chinayi wa May anayamba kuthawa wa Red Army ku Crimea. Tsiku lina, a ku Germany anadzasokoneza Kerch. m'tawuni asilikali kumenyana mpaka kunja kwa zipolopolo, kenako zokometsera mumzinda anapita ku miyala ya.

Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula: zotsatira

Tikufika pa Kerch poyamba anabweretsa bwino. m'mphepete zatsopano apangidwa, n'zotheka kuti mmodzi wa kuukira woyamba zikuluzikulu. Komabe, lamulo inept a asilikali kwachititsa mavuto aakulu. Mu miyezi ingapo kumenyana lolemera, dziko la Germany anakwanitsa osati kugwira udindo, koma kupitiriza tingalimbanirane. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, Wehrmacht anakantha pamalo abwino mozama kuponya, zomwe zinachititsa kuti kugonjetsedwa, imene inatha Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula. Mwachidule nkhondo anafotokoza mu zolemba za Kozlov ndi Manstein.

Ngakhale kulephera kwa opareshoni, inali nyengo yachisanu ikupita kale wopambana zolawula pa chilumba mu makumi chachinayi.

Kuukira yachiwiri

zaka ziwiri atagonjetsedwa zomvetsa chisoni tidakocheza asilikali watsopano ku doko Kerch. 1944 chinali chaka cha kumasulidwa kwa Crimea. Pamene akukonzekera kuukira lamulo chilumba kuganizira zinthu zonse opaleshoni yoyamba. Azov zombo anali pachibwenzi ndi kupulumutsa asilikali. Troopers anali kufalikira kwa zina zikuluzikulu zolawula.

ndi zikuluzikulu amanyansidwa ankakonza pa nthawi ino. Choncho angakaphe kuchokera mbali ziwiri. The makumi awiri wachiwiri wa January zikwi khumi ndi zisanu Red Army anayamba Sitima kupita Kerch. Kuphimba ntchito anakonza, ndi zida zankhondo Union anayamba shelling ikuluikulu ya gombe. The moto kwambiri zachititsidwa osati ankafika malo disorient mdani. Komanso, ndi maboti ochepa anapanga potsanzira ankafika pa.

Pafupi ndi usiku makumi awiri wachiwiri wa January kupanga ankafika ku doko la Kerch. 1944 TH ukhali pafupi maminiti ozizira monga 42, kotero Asilikali chiyani sukhala awiri ku hypothermia. Chikadzangotha ikamatera paratroopers anathamangira nkhondo ndi patsogolo kwambiri. Iwo analandidwa mbali yaikulu ya mzinda. Komabe, apo pakubwera tsidya lina la asilikali analephera kuswa kudzera chitetezo cha German. Choncho, paratroopers munasiya zawo. Pa kumenyanako, mmodzi wa battalions anapeza kugwila 170 asilikali German. Patapita masiku angapo, anakhumudwitsa awiri, Asilikali anathyola chilengedwe ndi zolumikizana ndi mayunitsi patsogolo. Ndipotu zakhala zikuchitika Nkhondo ya Kerch Peninsula mu 1941-1942 okha mochuluka bwino.