Comitia ku Roma - ichi n'chiyani? Ntchito ndi mphamvu

Assembly, anthu bungwe zofunika mphamvu Roma. Mu njira ya chitukuko cha statehood ake adzipangira zosiyanasiyana. Iwo ankatchedwa comitia. misonkhano iyi kutenga zosankha boma yaikulu za ndondomeko mkati ndi kunja. Komanso misonkhano Roma anali malo yophika chilakolako pakati osiyana anali kumenyana ndi zigawo mzake.

Lingaliro la comitia ndi

Malinga ndi tanthauzo lexical mawu, comitia ku Roma - ndi congresses anthu. State Lamulo limati kuti linali dzina la zinthuzo kuti alandire chokhala m'dzikolo. Ndiko kuti, ankatsutsa kusonkhana mowiriza wa anthu.

Comitia ku Roma - msonkhano umene bungwe woweruzayo kuvota pa nkhani inayake ya chikhalidwe zofunika. Mwanjira imeneyi, zodabwitsazi wakale ndi ofanana kwambiri kwa Asilavo Veche. Komabe, tanthauzo, amaivundikira osati mitundu yonse ya comitia (panali atatu). Akuluakulu akhoza kukonza msonkhano dziko nayenso chabe kulengeza izi kapena kuti zochita zake.

Maonekedwe a comitia ndi

Kufufuza mbiri ya boma zakale, zingadziŵike kuti comitia ku Roma - kwenikweni Institute akuwuka pa malamulo Amitundu. Mbali imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri chifukwa limafotokoza mphamvu ndiponso dongosolo la msonkhano. Choyamba anaonekera kuriatnye comitia, dzina amachokera ku mawu "Curia". Kumbali loyang'anira za nthawi kuchokera wakale nawo Aroma zonse. Maziko kusanja uyu anali ndiwe wa mtundu makamaka.

Mpaka VI m'ma BC. e. kuriatnye comitia okha ku Rome. Anakhazikitsa dongosolo anasintha mfumu Servius Tullius. Isanafike kusintha lake lamanja kuvota mu comitia pa yekha kwa patricians - oimira mumzinda kwambiri wolemekezeka ndi wotchuka wa kubadwa. Iwo anali olumikizidwa ndi miyambo. Mu Latin mawu akuti "anthu" amatanthauza gulu la anthu ndi nzika - kuti ndi nthawi otchuka patricians.

Woyamba Assembly Anthu

Comitia, amene anaitanidwa mamembala a curia, azikhoza lachiweruzo yekha wolamulira wa Roma. Ngati iye panalibe likulu, ndipo akuluakulu a boma anali kudziwa maganizo a patricians ndi nchito imeneyi amapita ku Pilato lapansi. Kuwonjezera oimira mabanja mfulu, pali gulu lina lofunika kwambiri ndiye Rome. Awa anali makasitomala - ufulu nzika mwaufulu zapita amatetezedwa ndi woyang'anira wake, motero kutsimikizira malingana iye. Awa anthu a mumzinda sankaloledwa kuvota mu comitia, koma iwo akhoza ndikawaone ngati masewera.

Assembly of nthawi tsarist anali ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya chisankho cha bwanamkubwa watsopano. Ngati mfumu yamwalira, anali osankhidwa interrex - mwadzidzidzi magistracy. Ichi chidachitika ndi ambiri mwa nzika otchuka kwambiri. Interrex, nayenso anaitana comitia ku Roma. nthumwi izi ya ulamuliro dzinari kufuna kuchitidwa palibe pasanafike masiku asanu pambuyo pa imfa ya mfumu. Pomaliza, khamu la anthu kudziwa amene amayembekezeka kukhala wolamulira lotsatira.

kuriatnye chisankho

The comitia oyambirira mu Rome anasonkhana kuvota okha curiae, mwini ndi nzika. Aliyense Fuko anayenera kusankha bwino pambuyo pokambirana mkati. Mu Curia anali pamodzi (curiae 30 okha anali ku Roma). Uthenga wa convocation wa comitia anali ponseponse imatsogolera mzinda kapena lictors - akuluakulu a boma, kuchita zofunika malamulo zamalamulo. Popeza kuti panalibe lamulo izo zikanakhala mwanjira kudziwa njira ya othandiza konsekonse, kugwiritsa ntchito powerenga zambiri. Ndi kuti nawonso zogwirizana amene anasonyeza curias.

Nkofunika kutsindika kuti misonkhano ndiye Roma sankaloledwa kupereka kanthu aliyense mwini. Iwo akanangokhoza kuvomereza kapena kukana kupereka mphamvu. Pansi pa ulamuliro wa anthu, pansi pa kachitidwe chinali lingaliro pa chisankho cha mafumu ndi oweruza, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo atsopano, atchedwe mtendere kapena nkhondo, ndi kuphedwa kwa nzika za Roma. Mu nkhani ya tanthauzo la ofuna latsopano kazembe osankhidwa interrex. Curia momwemo osankhidwa Ansembe (flamens). Kuti ndi comitia - komanso ndi chida cha lamulo la moyo achipembedzo a mtundu wa Chiroma.

zaka kukavota

Mfumu Servius Tullius anaganiza kuchotsa lamulo lakale. Adapereka ndipo analenga latsopano kuriatnye - centuriata - ikuluikulu Roma, unit yaikulu imene zitsulo Kenturiyo - mayunitsi asilikali asilikali achiroma. Kwa nthawi yoyamba yoyenera kuvota plebeians analandira - nzika wamba a anthu akale. Iwo equalized ndi patricians lapansi. Kuti voti, munthu anayenera kukwaniritsa awiri. Choyamba, elector zikhoza kukhala yekha amene ankadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida. Kachiwiri, anthu plebs zinali bwino kukhala machesi bokosi awo, mwatchutchutchu chapadera Choyenereza.

Choncho, comitia centuriata zochokera Servius Tullius mu VI m'ma BC. e., angathe kugwirizanitsa ndalama ya m'madera lakale anthu Roma ndi kugwirizanitsa kusiyana pakati pawo. Total likulu panthawi zosiyanasiyana, zinali pafupifupi 200 zaka. Lililonse limakhala asilikali anakuvoterani nayenso. Pamene munthu "msasa" ayamba kuposa zaka theka funso kuchotsedwa voti ndi kusankha mogwirizana.

Nchito comitia wa zaka

Popeza comitia centuriata - makamaka msonkhano pa bwalo lankhondo, anali kusonkhana m'dera wapadera komwe asilikali imachitika zokambirana komanso kokoka ochitira masewera a. Izi anali wotchuka Field ya Mars. Lowani kuitanidwako anatumikira Capitol nkhondowo imagwedeza mbendera wofiira. Comitia wa zaka zinali zofunika kwambiri limba. Zinali iwo amene anatenga ambiri malamulo a Aroma. msonkhano uno dziko ndi anavomera, kulengeza ngati nkhondoyo ndi anansi ake. Komanso, ankachita ndi milandu nzika mlandu woukira boma.

Kuti 287 BC. e. ambiri a zochita anatengedwa ku Roma comitia centuriata. Mphamvu za bungwe ili akhala kudula motsatira lamulo Quintus Hortensius. wolamulira izi anaganiza akamenyane ufulu wa plebeians, amene, mwa zina, komanso asamukira osiyana Roma Janiculum phiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo latsopano tributa comitia inakhazikitsidwa.

comitia latsopano

Kuchokera 287 BC. e. mbali yofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa Roma ankaimba tributa comitia, amene msonkhano pa maziko malo. Kale Servius Tullius anagawa m'madera akwawoko likulu makumi atatu. Iwo amatchedwa fuko ndipo kenako zinadziwika ngati comitia yoyenera.

Kwa linakhalapo, Institute of Mphamvu anthu amakumana angapo reincarnations ake. Poyamba, ulamuliro wa comitia tributa anatchula nkhani yekha m'dera khalidwe (zosonkhanitsira msonkho komanso polemba). Pang'onopang'ono, ndi chikoka kuwonjezeka kwa plebs kuwonjezeka, analandira mphamvu zatsopano. Mu chimaliziro, comitia centuriata anakhalabe okha monga thupi wofunikila chinkhoswe zamtendere ndi maiko oyandikana. Tributa msonkhano womwewo analowa mlandu wake uchimo m'banja.

Mphamvu tributa comitia

Anthu atsopano a Assembly chisankho, kupeza ntchito ya akuluakulu a m'munsi. Matupi awa, nayenso kumawateteza ku plebs mogwirizana ndi chilamulo chonse ndiye alipo Roma. Assembly chimaika Akuluakulu a boma ambiri - quaestors, aediles, ndipo owayang'anira asilikali. ufulu awa wachotsedwa nthumwi, amene anayenera kugawana mphamvu zawo ndi plebs lapansi.

Pa nthawi ya comitia ake chitukuko anayamba kulimbikitsa lawmaking. Iwo akhoza kutumiza chigamulocho kwa Senate, umene anayenera kuganizira pa nthawi imene wapatsidwa. Ambiri amafuna amenewa n'komwe pankhani zofunika boma. Pambuyo lamulo Hortensia tributa comitia potsiriza wodziimira mphamvu zokonza malamulo.

Pamene ine m'ma BC. e. nzika ya Roma anawonjezera kuti anthu onse ufulu wa Italy, Institute of National Assembly anayamba kufa. Iye pamapeto pake inasowa mu ulamuliro wa Augustus.