Champ de A Mars. Champ de A Mars, Paris. Champ de A Mars - Nkhani

Mmizinda yaikulu padziko lonse ndi malo pansi pa dzina lachilendo la Field ya Mars. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani?

m'malo onsewa ali ndi mayina Campus Martius ku Roma, choncho, kumvetsa tanthauzo la minda yambiri ya Mars, popanda mozama ulendowu mu mbiriyakale, sitingathe kuchita. Tiyeni kumvetsa pamene zodabwitsazi wapita chotani izo watenga lero.

Champ de A Mars: History

Kale, munthu wina koma alonda, kunali kosatheka n'kukalowa mumzindawo ndi mfuti. Koma bwanji ankhondo? Kwa iye, kwenikweni, anamanga m'chipindacho kunja kwa mzindawo. Ndipotu, anali matauni enieni asilikali: kuwonjezera m'chipindacho kumene chipatala inali, kukambirana zida, nkhokwe, munda workouts ndi ndewu maphunziro. Zonsezi pamodzi otchedwa Campus (Ndili ku Latin). Popeza msasa wotanganidwa ndi asilikali, iye anali pansi pa zothandizira mipingo yawo ya mulungu wa nkhondo - Mars. Mu Rome malo awa inali kumanzere mtsinje wa Tiber Mtsinje, agwilitse otsika pakati pa mapiri a Capitol, ndi Pincian ndi Quirinal. Pakatikati pa sukulu ina yaing'ono guwa zigawenga mulungu.

Pambuyo nyengo Tarquins, makamaka pa mabwalo mochedwa, nkhondo zasintha udindo wake ndi maonekedwe. Iwo anayamba kukonza msonkhano, nthawizina unachitikira parades asilikali, masewera (comitia centuriata), ngakhale ikuchitika aphedwe. Inkakondwerera chaka ndi chaka tchuthi equirria ndi kudumpha ndi cavalcade magaleta. Kuyambira kumunda anali chachikulu, nthawi yomweyo unachitikira ndi zochitika chabe, ndipo amaonetsa ambiri kupeza zosangalatsa sanakonde.

Tsoka winanso wa Champs de A Mars

Pamene Roma anakhala wolamulira Yuliy Tsezar, tauni asilikali anasamukira ku phiri Celio. Field ya Mars anayamba kukhazikika wamba wamba a mzinda. Koma dzina la zinasungidwa mu maina malo. Kenako, danga yaikulu mu mawonekedwe a kachigawo wakhala mwachangu kumangidwa. Linamangidwa chidwi nyumba zambiri mapulani monga Pantheon. Popeza gawo anali gawo la koyamba ndende ya asilikali kumanda kumene phulusa anali kusungidwa asilikali akugwa kwa dziko lawo nzika mtsogolo kulemekeza akatswiri awo mu malo awa, ndipo n'chifukwa kachisi anamanga Pantheon, yomwe imakongoletsa Champ de A Mars. Rome anataya wopanda danga lalikulu, koma n'chopatulika kukumbukira malo laulemerero.

zina anadzipereka kuti ngwazi akugwa

Ndi kufanizira ndi "Campus Martius" mu Rome malo ofanana ankaikidwa mu mizinda ina ikuluikulu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti poyamba cholinga chawo chinali mofanana mu City Wamuyaya. Iwo anachita ntchito ya usilikali kwa asilikali kubowola ndi parades mwambo. Ndiyeno yekha, patapita zaka, iwo amaona achikumbutso ulemerero wagwa la ngwazi Mama.

M'mizinda m'madera amenewo anayatsa ndi lawi wosatha. Mwachibadwa, mu malo amenewa si anamangira maguwa a nsembe Mars, koma dzina wathandiza mokhulupirika. Mwina chifukwa anali mafashoni kwa masiku amakedzana. Choncho, m'munda wodzipereka kwa mulungu wa nkhondo, ndipo panali kutali m'mayiko Rome. Kodi mizinda ndi Champ de A Mars? Paris, Athens, Nuremberg ndipo ngakhale St. Petersburg. The chidwi kwambiri mawu m'mbiri komanso kamangidwe - Champ de A Mars ku likulu French. Koma kwambiri zothandiza - mu mzinda German wa Nuremberg.

Paris perete pansi ayendetsa asilikali

Mu 1751 mfumu ya France , Louis XV analamula yomanga kumanzere banki la khoka sukulu nkhondo. Phunziro anyamata ochokera m'mabanja losauka wolemekezeka (amadziwika kuti mmodzi wa cadets mu malo amenewa anali achinyamata Napoleon Bonaparte). Sukulu adjoined lalikulu lathyathyathya tchire anaikira Zochita asilikali. Apa, mfumu anatenga parades. danga ili kutali na Louvre ena amati Field ya Mars.

Paris amaona m'madera amenewa, oyenera chokumanako ambiri anthu. Panopa lumbiro la malamulo choyamba. Ena zochitika za French kuukira boma la 1791 inachitikanso m'munda umenewu. A wopanda danga lalikulu pafupifupi pakati pa anthu a ku Paris ntchito zolinga zosiyana. Apa, osati unachitikira chikondwerero, koma analinso zatsopano woyamba pa katswiri wa airspace lapansi. Mu 1784, ndi Champs de A Mars anatenga mlengalenga pa manageable zibaluni upainiya mu munda Blanchard.

Wopambana Kuwonjezera. otchuka chipilala

Champ de A Mars, lomwe kugona maekala zoposa makumi awiri pamodzi Quai Branly, mosiyana Roma anzake amakhalabe chimanga chosakhwima. Pazochitika udindo wa kumakhala liwiro m'matawuni zaka 1833-1860, kenako anayamba kugwira yoonetsa sayansi dziko. Choncho pamene Gyustav Eyfel anapereka Paris asilikali ake nsanja, anaganiza kumanga izo basi pa Champs de A Mars. Iron openwork kapangidwe zoyenera mu n'zosadabwitsa wobiriwira kapinga edging. Kuti muwone ndi kutenga zithunzi za Eiffel Tower ku Champ de A Mars, tsopano amapita mzinda mamiliyoni a alendo. The malire a munda ndi golide mzikiti wa Invalides nyumba ndi School usilikali. Choncho, Paris mukufuna kukonza masanje pa udzu udzu, kubwera pa munda, ngakhale usiku ndi makandulo.

Champ de A Mars ku Athens

Izi chikumbutso cha chinenero chamakono Greek amatchedwa Πεδίον του Άρεως (Pedion Areos). Linamangidwa mu 1934 kulemekeza anthu otchuka a dziko kumasulidwa zisinthe wa 1821. Ndi kufanizira ndi Parisian Champs de A Mars chipilala anali odzipereka kwa mulungu wa nkhondo - Areos. Kodi chopambana kuti sadzaona chifaniziro chake, ndipo korona wa ulemerero chikumbutso fano la Sitimayo inagunda Athena. Mosiyana ndi meadows wobiriwira likulu French, chipilala izi paki pamthunzi. The microclimate wa danga wobiriwira mu mkatikati mwa mzindawo (choncho n'kutheka kuti Omonia kilometre lalikulu) ndi kuti m'chilimwe kutentha ndi madigiri awiri poyerekeza kwina mu Athens. Pamaso waukulu pakhomo wokometsedwera fano la Greek Mfumu Constantine Ine pa mahatchi. Paki pambali busts cha makumi awiri ndi chimodzi ngwazi za zisinthe palinso manda a asilikali a dziko la Britain ku Australia ndi ku New Zealand amene anafa mu nkhondo kwa Greece pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World.

Mbiri ya Champs de A Mars ku St. Petersburg

A m'ma titatha inakhazikika Petersburg, nkhondo analengedwa mu mzinda uno. Komabe, poyamba iyo inkatchedwa zoseketsa, chifukwa gawo chimanga chosakhwima unachitikira zikondwerero pa Shrove Lachiwiri. Inali kumadzulo kwa Chilimwe Garden. M'zaka za m'ma XVIII, malo uyu anadza kacemerwa Big dambo.

Dzina, ndi ntchito mpando anasintha anakwera wachifumu Mfumukazi Elizaveta Petrovna. Field zitsulo mwaulemu kumkuza Tsaritsyn Lug. Iye anagwiritsitsa ndemanga asilikali ndi parades. Ndipo chifukwa Russia wakhala fashoni ya Paris, kumayambiriro kwa zaka XVIII-XIX anaganiza dzina Tsaritsyn dambo Field ya Mars. Paulo I analamula mpanda gawo la mofulumira munamangidwa danga la chipata chachitsulo, malo ndi kapinga ndi makwalala. Mu 1801, mkulu wa Mfumu zipilala akazembe Suvorov ndi Rumyantsev anaikidwa.

Kutembenuka kwa udzu m'deralo

Panali zaka, St. Petersburg zachitika, ndipo ndi izo kusintha anali opangidwa ndi Field ya Mars. ziboliboli awiri zokongoletsa izo anasamukira ku malo ena mu mzinda. Mwachitsanzo, chipilala kuti asilikali PA Rumyantsev wazomangamanga V. F. Brenna anagwidwa mu 1818 kuti Vasilyevsky Island. Ndipo pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mfumu Alexander I ndipo ndinasamukira fano lalikulu Field kulamulira. Tsopano iye waima patsogolo pa Utatu Bridge, pafupi ndi Marble Palace ndi Chiwerengero Saltykov kunyumba. Ndipotu, imeneyi ndi mbali ya Tsaritsyno meadows, yekha alibe m'dera osiyana dzina la Field kulamulira.

Suvorov chipilala pa Champ de A Mars, pa Moika, ndi ponena payokha ofunika. Mu Russian ufumu koyamba chipilala uncrowned munthu. Ziboliboli, MI Kozlowski, amene ankagwira ntchito pa chipilala ndi lamulo la Paulo Ine mu zaka 1799-1800, sindiri kusamala za chithunzi kufanana ziboliboli ndi choyambirira. M'malo mwake, ndi gulu, fano epic wa mkulu-wopambana. Mkuwa chithunzi pa pedestal ndi atavala zovala zakale. Mu dzanja lake lamanja, iye ali ndi lupanga kumanzere - chishango. Suvorov ali kwa ife mu matchalitchi amene amati ndi Mars, mulungu wa nkhondo.

Alowe Chikumbutso cha Ulemerero

Pambuyo Champ de A Mars anataya zipilala la asilikali awiri, china chirichonse akusonyeza chiŵerengero cha malo ano nkhondo ndi nkhondo. Komabe, dzina wathandiza mokhulupirika. Choncho, pamene funso lokhudza kumene kukaika anthu amene anafa pa February utasintha cha 1917, maganizo wina sanali: manda misa ayenera udzakhazikitsidwe pa Campus Martius. Kenaka anayamba kuoneka antchito manda atsopano aphedwa Yaroslavl kugalukira m'chilimwe cha 1918, chitetezo mzinda wa ophunzira kwa asilikali Yudenich, komanso akuvutika kusintha ziwerengero M. Uritsky, V. Volodarsky, riflemen Chilativiya ndi ena. Memory za ngwazi, iwo anaganiza zimalimbikitsa chikumbukiro. Linamangidwa wa imvi ndi pinki lubwe. Oyamba wodzipereka kwa tsiku lachiwiri la October kuukira boma. Koma munda womwe unali anadzatchedwa ndi Plaza wa utasintha Anavutika.

M'bwalomo zipambano, amene anakhala malo manyazi

Mu March 1935, Nazi Germany anaganiza kuti tikhale Champs awo de A Mars. Anayenera kukhala osati malo Papayu ndi kubowola asilikali Wehrmacht. Ndiye izo anakonza kugwira congresses chipani, komanso perete polemekeza kumasulidwa kwa dziko kwa "nthenda ya chikominisi ndi ulamuliro wa Ayuda". Ndipo chifukwa amayenera kukhala ntchito za m'ma - lalikulu ku Ulaya, Champ de A Mars. Photos wa zaka amenewa akusonyeza kuti zigwire kwa danga pansi wofanana kukula kwa eyite minda mpira! Mu mtsempha chomwecho, megalomania ndi maguwa tinalengedwa kuti 250,000 masewera. M'bwalomo anali anazungulira nsanja twente-foro (khumi a iwo omwe adamangidwa mu 1945), ndi nsanja za Mfumu - kukwatiwa ndi mafano chigonjetso wamkazi Victoria ndi asilikali. Ndipo chomwe izo? Angonena kuti aulemerero perete pansi parades wakhala pakati pa Nuremberg, kumene, monga mukudziwa, unachitikira mlandu pa ndondomeko milandu umunthu Nazi. Ndithudi ndi limatiuzanso nthano!