Kumiza mafuta: kufotokoza, ntchito ndi mayankho

Kumiza tosaoneka kuonerera njira ikukhudza oyamba chipangizo pakati pa disolo ndi chinthu pansi kuphunzira madzi wapadera. Imakhala kuwala kuwongola ndi kukula kwa malire mawonekedwe. Choncho, chinthu kungakhale kwambiri ndipo tione zazing'ono zanyengo, popanda kusintha hardware lapansi. Choncho, kumizidwa madzi wotchedwa. The zosiyanasiyana mankhwala akhoza kuchita monga iye. . Wotchuka kwambiri imatengedwa kumiza mafuta. Taganizirani mbali zake mwatsatanetsatane.

mwachidule

Woyamba mafuta kumiza wamamamayikirosikopu anali mkungudza. Komabe, anali mmodzi drawback. Ndi katundu kusintha pa nthawi, ndi sikutheka kupeza zotsatira ankafuna. madzi Panja anayamba pang'onopang'ono thicken (mpaka solidification). Choncho, kusintha ndi refractive Index. . M'zaka za m'ma 20 anayamba kutulutsa kupanga kumiza mafuta. Mu madzi zakhala sichidamsowa pamwambapa.

Kumiza mafuta: Mfundo

Kiyi magawo madzimadzi zakonzedwa mu GOST 13739-78. обладает: Malinga ndi muyezo, kumiza mafuta ali:

• refractive index na- = 1.515 ± 0.001;
• transmittance mu osiyanasiyana kawalidwe kuchokera 500 mpaka 700 nm pa wosanjikiza makulidwe a 1 mm - 95%, kuyambira 400 nanometers 480 - 92%;

, считается 20 градусов. Kutentha akadakwanitsira pa zimene kumiza mafuta, ankaona madigiri 20 ntchito. Palinso mfundo lonse. Malinga ndi ISO 8036/1, ndi refractive index wa 1.518 + 0.0005, transmittance pa wosanjikiza 10 mm kwa uthunthu kawalidwe ku nanometers 500 760 - 95%, ndi pa 400 nm - 60%.

. Anati magawo zizigwirizana sanali fulorosenti mafuta kumiza. Mu muyezo ISO 8036-1 / 2 anatsimikiza madzimadzi zizindikiro luminescence. transmittance mu osiyanasiyana kawalidwe kuchokera 500 mpaka 700 nm mu wosanjikiza 10 mm ndi 95%, kuchokera 365 mpaka nanometers 400 - 60%.

Mavuto magawo kusiyana

Zimadziŵika kusiyana mu mfundo zatchulidwazi kungachititse kuti kuwonongeka disolo yeniyeni ndi ntchito nonconforming izo madzimadzi. Chifukwa cha:

1. Yafupika Mosiyana chifukwa pakutchulidwa wa aberration ozungulira.
2. Akuda wakumunda chinthu pansi kuphunzira.
3. Chiwalitsiro mu chinthu ndege ndi kuphunzira m'dera la mapangidwe chifaniziro chake chimakhala m'goli.
4. Chithunzi amakhala amaona.

mokoma

Kuwala microscopes ndi malire chapamwamba mphamvu kuthetsa pang'ono nthawi zoposa 100. Pa mlingo, kuwonjezeka mayeso nkhani kuyatsa ayenera kwambiri. Apo ayi, fano chifukwa ndi mdima kuti tione chinthu sangathe. chakuti refraction ndi kupezeka kwa kuwala kumachitika pakati pa galasi chivundikiro ndi mandala. Kumiza mafuta amalimbikitsa kwambiri adani ake. Chifukwa, fano chimayamba kuonekera.

refractive Features

Momwe bwinobwino? The mapangidwe osiyana a refraction kuwala kumachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mbali ya refraction kunyezimira mu mlengalenga ndi galasi ndi osiyana. M'nthawi ya nkhani zikuluzikulu 1.0, wachiwiri - 1.5. Izi ndi vuto lalikulu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta akhoza kuchepetsa refractive index kunyezimira kuti kudutsa chinthu pansi kuphunzira. chakuti madzi ali magawo mofanana galasi. Izi zimachititsa sing'anga homogeneous pakati pa Wopanda ndi mandala, ndipo ambiri a kuwala kudutsa chinthu umalowa chipangizo. Choncho fano bwino.

luso nkhani

Childs, magalasi zipolopolo anafuna Mafuta kumiza pano chosema. Amafotokozera chomwecho ntchito pamene chofunika kabowo wa 1.0 kapena kuposa. Amenewa "kumiza" magalasi ntchito kumiza mwachindunji ku madzi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo munasindikizidwa kwathunthu. Izi amatiteteza mkulu ndi mafuta kuwonongeka magalasi.

Gawo

Zochita za viscosities awiri ntchito mafuta: mkulu (mtundu B) ndi wotsikitsitsa (A). Nthawi zambiri pa phukusi mungapeze mfundo zokhudza index refractive. оэффициент преломления которого равен 1.515. Mwachitsanzo, amasulidwe mafuta kumiza (100 ml), umene index refractive ndi 1,515 oeffitsient. Madzi kukhala otsika kukhuthala, umagwiritsidwa ntchito airspace, ndi mkulu - pamodzi ndi condensers.

Terms of ntchito

Kuti chithunzi bwino kwa chinthu, muyenera kutsatira malangizo mwachilungamo losavuta:

1. Pezani kuphunzira phunziro pa slider pakati pa munda pa magnification otsika. Chifukwa chaichi disolo ndi chiŵerengero yaing'ono.
2. Phinduza Kukhazikika mukukonzeratu chipangizo.
3. Lowani nthawi 100 disolo ku malo.
4. Ikani dontho la mafuta pa galasi Wopanda, wachiwiri - pa disolo.
5. Sinthani machitidwe mtunda chabwino cholinga mpaka bwinobwino chinthu.

Pa ntchito m'pofunika kukhala osamala. Nkofunika kuteteza mpweya kulowa pakati pa galasi chivundikiro ndi mandala.

Mafuta kumiza "MiniMed"

madzimadzi ntchito pamene akugwira ntchito magalasi achromatic ndi apochromatic a mtundu uliwonse wa zida, kuwonjezera fulorosenti. Akatswiri amanena ntchito mafuta kumiza, izo angapo katundu zothandiza. Phula bwino aone kwa chinthu, minimizes glare, imfa ya kuwala ndi aberrations kuwala. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kwambiri zambiri zosiyanasiyana zimene mungachite zida.

kukonza zipangizo

Pambuyo ntchito ndi mafuta kumiza ayenera kuikidwa kuti chipangizo. Kukonza ayenera akuyendera pamaso disolo youma. kuyeretsa pepala mandala ntchito pofuna kuchotsa zatsalira mafuta. Adagulung'undisa masamba lidzayeretsedwa, padziko lonse galasi. Mandala pepala kunyowetsa njira yapadera ndi kuchotsa mafuta zotsala.

nkhani za m'mbiri

Wasayansi woyamba kufotokoza limagwirira cha kumizidwa, anali Robert Guk. Mu 1678 anafalitsa buku lake Microscopium, imene mafotokozedwe onse mwapatsidwa. Mu 1812, kumiza wakhala akufuna monga njira kukonza mandala aberration. Mlembi wa lingaliro Davide Byuster. Pafupifupi mu 1840 linafalitsidwa woyamba kumiza magalasi. Mlengi wawo anali DB Amici. Poyamba, monga kumiza madzimadzi ofufuza ntchito mafuta tsabola. The index refractive anali pafupi kuti galasi.