Phenology N'chiyani? kuzipenya phenological

Zonse kuwunika kusintha nyengo anapangidwa pamaziko a chododometsa kwambiri chilengedwe. deta onse kusasintha mu dongosolo limodzi. umatchedwa - ndi phenology wamba. Komanso woyanjana ndi chilangochi. Ife tikupeza zimene akuphunzira sayansi phenology.

terminology

Mbiri boma la phenology idayamba m'ma 19. akuti anali woyamba akufuna ndi Charles Morran (katswiri ku Belgium). Phenology sayansi ndi dongosolo la chidziwitso ndiponso kusonkhanitsa deta zodabwitsa nyengo mu chikhalidwe, zimayambitsa awo ndipo nthawi maonekedwe. Kuzipenya anapangidwa pamaziko a fenoindikatorov otchedwa (icho chiri - iyankha posachedwa). Kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti maphunziro phenology, ayenera munanena kuti m'kupita kwa maphunziro kudziwa okhudza malo ndi wathupi Pantchito za kusintha ozungulira zinthu zachilengedwe ndi magulu kugwirizana ndi gulu la Dziko mozungulira dzuwa mu chaka.

zizindikiro

Monga tanena kuzipenya phenological anapangidwa pamaziko a chododometsa chidwi za chilengedwe. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, monga maluwa chitumbuwa, zikamera wa "maunyolo" pa gombe, kapena chikasu masamba. Zizindikiro zonsezi amatchedwa "fenoindikatory". Iwo zimaonetsa kusintha zachilengedwe ku gawo lina kwa nyengo zina.

Kutentha zikutanthauza

Pamaziko a magawo awa kutchula tanthauzo la zochitika zachilengedwe. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, khola kusintha kwa kutentha pafupifupi tsiku pamwamba 0 digiri imatengedwa nyengo Kubwera kwa masika, ndi pa 15 - chilimwe. Akulankhula za chiyani phenology, sitingathe kunena kuti dongosolo lonse la maphunziro zochokera kusanthula nthawi ya amayesetsa osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, amaonedwa kusintha achindunji kwambiri zizindikiro kutentha - madigiri asanu. Chifukwa, aliyense nyengo lagawidwa intervals yochepa - magawo phenological. Nthawi iliyonse waika yakeyake zochitika zachilengedwe (zochitika). Chifukwa iwo ofufuza kusiyanitsa gawo wina ndi mzake. Nthawi ya zochitika kwambiri khalidwe ndi maina awo omwe, amene anakonza kalendala anthu.

njira zofufuzira

Nyengo ndi pachaka zimagwirizana ndi mzake. Zooneka phenological kuyang'anila ndi njira chikhalidwe kapena njira, kufufuza, kulola kulembetsa deadlines yatsoka zochitika zina. Pofuna kukwaniritsa comparability deta akamagwira ofufuza osiyana, wasenza zochitika zapadera atlases ndi mafotokozedwe kwa iwo. Mu mabuku amenewa methodical anafotokoza zomera phenophase ndi zochitika nyengo ya dziko nyama. Zolinga sayansi kuzipenya phenological ndi njira kufufuza dera ndi kwachilengedwenso zinthu ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo.

Spring: ndizosowa

Pamwamba, ponena za funso la chimene ali phenology, ife munanena kuti dongosolo lino dongosolo lapadera. Komanso, kuti n'kopanda nyengo chilango (nthawi ndi nthawi lolingana nyengo), pali nthawi yaifupi nthawi - gawo. Choncho, masika zikuphatikizapo podsezona anayi. Aliyense wa iwo ndi zizindikiro zawo.

snowbreak

Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba podsezon masika. Zikuyamba ndi maphunziro mu m'firiji pamtunda choyamba. nyengo ya kutha chimafotokozera woyamba maluwa otuwira-alder ndi otuwira. Panthaŵi imeneyi kufika larks, starlings, gulls ndi Makwangwala Olimbana. Pa birches ndi maples amalembedwa kutupa kwa impso ndi kayendedwe ka madzi. M'minda akuyamba kutsika ndi pang'onopang'ono Mwamsanga chisanu, madzi lopanda ayezi. Izi anamaliza podsezone nsomba ayezi ndi kuyamba nsomba madzi lotseguka. Anthu a madamu (ruff, chub, nase ndi dace, ide, Pike) ayamba kukonzekera, ndi m'madera ena anayamba zimaswana. M'madera ena bwino wagwidwa nthawi imeneyi, bream ndi roach.

The chitsitsimutso cha masika

Kuyambira podsezona chachiwiri chikugwirizana ndi maluwa alder. The chizindikiro kwambiri za nthawi anthu a m'mizinda amawaona kuti mayi ndi akulera ana opeza, chikasu pa malo okhala. Yambani zochitika khalidwe la nthawi ino, gulu chapakati chikondwerero zambiri 15-20 ya April. Panthawi imeneyi, pali mofulumira komaliza ayezi mu matupi madzi. nthaka akuyamba youma pamwamba. Pa nthawi yomweyo kukhala imakhala yosadutsika kwa anthu ndi Kufikika zoyendera kumbuyo misewu. Zimenezi, njira yopezera anglers kuti m'madera akutali. Mu podsezone chachiwiri woodcocks kuwuluka ndi cranes, pali njuchi, kuyamba "mawu" a chule lapansi. Pa nthawi yomweyo chizindikiro chitsitsimutso cha, nyongolotsi. Monga okhalamo mtsinje, izo zikutsiriza spawning Pike ndi ide, chub ndi ruff, akupitiriza, ndi nsomba ndi bream - wayamba yekha. podsezone ichi pa mitengo birch aŵiriwo masamba, ndi Elm "fumbi".

kutalika kwa masika

Kumayambiriro kwa wachitatu birches podsezona kale atavala masamba obiriwira. Pafupifupi zaka ziwiri pa nthawi iyi pali kutentha. Kuchuluka kutentha ndi tsiku komanso usiku. Zitsamba zitsamba ndi mitengo amakhala thicker, zikuyamba ukufalikira minda. Tizilombo afika zikuluzikulu, komanso zoimba kuti kudya iwo. M'minda, meadows ndi nkhalango chinali greening mofulumira ndi maluwa. M'nkhalango m'mphepete mwa nyanja amamva nightingales trill, ndi meadows ndi minda - zinziri. Iye ayamba kuyimba ndi corncrake, crake. Mwa njira zizindikiro pazikhalanso akamaliza spawning ide ndi anapitiriza Podust ndi roach. Akuyamba Jordania Pike, bream atamatula, anakwanitsa pang'ono zimaswana, chub ndi carp. Pa kutsiriza podsezona zikusonyeza maluwa wofiirira Lilac ndi phiri phulusa.

"Predlete"

podsezon chachinayi yodziwika ndi kumalizidwa kwa maluwa minda, vykolashivaniem dambo udzu ndi yozizira rye. Zochitika zikuchitika mu nthawi iyi, mofanana ndege ya dragonflies. Pouma chikondwerero maluwa Daisy-Daisy, ndi m'madera yonyowa - nots.

Chilimwe: 1 podsezon

Choyamba Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti nthawi iyi lagawidwa magawo atatu. Choyamba - ichi ndi chiyambi cha chilimwe. Pamfundoyi Izi zikusonyeza maluwa chilombo ananyamuka. Izo, nawonso, limodzi ndi zochitika zina. Mwachitsanzo, mu minda ndi pachimake chubushnik viburnum, m'munda - rye, toadflax ndi knapweed, madzi - woyera kakombo. auka kutentha, mpweya kwambiri ndi kutenthetsa. Panthawi imeneyi, tsiku yaitali pachaka. Kuchuluka kutentha malo a.

"Full" chilimwe

Kuyambira wachiwiri, chachikulu, podsezona chikugwirizana ndi maluwa linden cordata. zodabwitsazi zimawonedwa mu lamba chapakati, kawirikawiri pakati pa 5 ndi 15 July. M'mizinda ikuluikulu Koma izo zimachitika pang'ono kale. Monga kugwirizana Cholozera isanayambike yotentha zonse, ntchito kusasitsa wa wakuda ndi wofiira currant, sitiroberi, ndipo mu nkhalango - mabulosi abulu. Yambani sankachidziwa ndi nightingales kugwa cuckoos chete. Pa kapinga m'tawuni pachimake chikasu tansy ndi buluu chicory. Ziwala kuoneka ambiri.

Kutha kwa dzinja

Ichi ndi wachitatu ndi lomaliza podsezon. nthawi amakhala ndi chiyambi cha kucha cranberries. mausiku zikukhalira chimaonekadi yaitali. M'bandakucha akuyamba precipitate mame ozizira. Kutentha kwa madzi m'mitsinje ndi mayiwe pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa. Udzu umene unadulidwa pa haymaking, pa nthawi ino ndi nthawi kukula.

M'dzinja: chiyambi

Nyengo, ngati chilimwe, muli magawo atatu. Mu gawo European la Russia nthawi yonse kumatenga miyezi oposa 3. Chiyambi ya nyundo amakhala ndi maonekedwe a chingwe chikasu mu korona wa Elm, linden ndi birch. Akamaliza podsezona ananena pamene chiwerengero cha masamba obiriwira ndi ayerera amakhala pafupifupi wofanana. Nthawi zambiri taonera masiku khumi omaliza wa September, ndi lonyowa ndi kutentha yophukira - oyambirira October. Mu nkhalango bowa kuonekere. Mu mlengalenga kumeneko tenetnik, zouluka kangaude ukonde. Madzi akupitiriza kuziziritsa Komabe, m'nyanja zikuluzikulu kutentha dontho si yunifolomu, kuyambira wosanjikiza chapamwamba.

"Golden Yophukira"

wachiwiri amakhala ndi ambiri podsezon chikasu ndi defoliation. Nkhalango pang'onopang'ono udzayamba kukhala umboni, mbalame kusonkhana nkhosa ndi amasamukira kuti climes otentha. Kukonzekera kusamuka ndipo akungoyendayenda pamodzi roadsides ndi munda m'mbali starlings ndi Makwangwala Olimbana. Mapeto a tsamba kugwa mu Elm, Aspen ndi birch limasonyeza chiyambi cha kugwa kwambiri. Nthawiyi kumatenga mpaka chisanu choyamba. Kutentha n'chozama, kuwuluka kum'mwera kwa nkhosa wotsiriza wa abakha, swans ndi atsekwe. Madzi ndi mpweya pansi utakhazikika mofulumira.

chisanadze yozizira

Iwo anamaliza nthawi autumn, limene liri pa nthawi yomweyo kusintha kwa nyengo yozizira. Kwenikweni, pakuti ichi podsezon nalo dzina lake. Pa chiyambi cha nthawi iyi, matalala choyamba. Amaundana-mmwamba gawo udzatha ndi mapangidwe njira sled.

yozizira

Nyengo ofufuza komanso nawo mu magawo atatu. Pa nthawi yonse ya zomera ndi mpumulo kwambiri, ndi mbalame zonse zosiyanasiyana ndi okhawo omwe ali bwino ndinazolowera nyengo yozizira ozizira. nkhalango pafupifupi kanthu - pafupifupi nyama zonse zimene zimabisala ndi amene safuna kugona - kubisala mu kamakumba una. Childs, chisanu akuyamba kumapeto November zimatha mpaka pafupifupi theka lachiwiri la March.

Pervozime

Pa chiyambi cha ichi poyamba Madamu podsezona yokutidwa cholimba ayezi. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo kupereka ayezi nsomba. Mbali yomaliza mu masiku 20 December, yozizira. Nthawi yoyamba ndi chikudya tima amakhala penapake "Moody", monga pepala ayezi chimakhala chachikulu, wamfupi masiku, ndi madzi amachepetsa chiwerengero cha kusungunuka oxygen.

yozizira Muzu

Izi ndi podsezon chachiwiri. iye akuyamba, kawirikawiri mu February. Panthawi imeneyi, iwo amayamba "kuimba" Tito kwambiri.

wovulala yozizira

Mbali yomaliza akuyamba ndi Kuwonjezera masana. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo ifika ndi "kasupe kuwala." Yambani kukula icicles mphete madontho. Masana dzuwa umafunda kwambiri.

interconnection zodabwitsa

Kubwerera ku funso zimene phenology, tiona kuti mkati chilango anaphunzira osati zochitika zachilengedwe. Tikumbukenso ndi kudalira pa nthawi ya nyengo ndi magawo malo ndi zinthu lawolawo za gawolo. nthawi zonse ndi zogwirizana. Gawo lirilonse amapezeka mu kadanga kena ka nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, m'chaka kayendedwe ka madzi pamaso langobwera mu mapulo. 2 masabata pambuyo linayamba phwando la masamba kutupa birch, womwe ndi mbendera anglers: zikutanthauza ide amakhala yogwira. Monga zanenedwa, ndi zofunika kwambiri ndi kutentha pafupifupi masana. Pamene iye sadzauka kuposa madigiri 5 (ndi kuphatikiza chizindikiro), zomera kukhala mu mpumulo simuchita.

Chifukwa kafukufuku?

Njira ndi mavuto phenology ndi yothandiza, mu malo oyamba - kwa chuma cha dziko. Regularities chimayambitsa yokonza kalendala ya zochitika nyengo. Nawonso, ntchito mu gulu la ntchito chitetezo chikhalidwe, polimbana ndi matenda a zomera zothandiza yake Kupha tizirombo. Information za ndege misa nthawi mbalame ndi zofunika ndege. Akutali kafukufuku padziko lapansi amafunika kukhala nthawi mulingo woyenera kukhazikitsa mfundo kafukufuku wa kusamuka kwa mbalame. Zotsatira za kuzipenya zithunzi phenological ntchito kamangidwe ka pogwiritsa, akukonza maulendo kuyenda. Research zimathandiza kudziwa zizindikiro za chilengedwe, amene nawonso, n'zotheka kudziwa chikhalidwe nyengo ya boma ndipo kulosera za chikhalidwe cha nyengo kukula.

mapu Phenological, makamaka zikuluzikulu, tiyenera kukonzekera mmodzi kapena ena mafakitale nyengo. chizindikiro Natural ndi zofunika chitukuko cha madera ndi kukula kwa mitundu yatsopano nyama ndi zomera. Choncho, popanda chakuti phenology zimenezi, mukhoza mapeto zoonekeratu: izi ndi mwambo zovuta. Pamafunikanso zosiyanasiyana njira ndi njira za kafukufuku. Onse kuphunzira phenology, akulola ntchito kothandiza kwambiri za chilengedwe.