Mitundu ya mizu ndi machitidwe mizu. Maonekedwe ndi mitundu ya mizu

Muzu - zomera mobisa ofananira amafotokozera, ndilo gawo lofunika kwambiri pa iwo, yaikulu vegetative thupi lawo. Chifukwa muzu mbewu anakonza nthaka ndipo anapitiriza kumeneko pa lonse mkombero moyo, komanso kuti aziwapatsa madzi, ndi zakudya mchere omwe ali m'bukuli. Pali mitundu yosiyana ndi mitundu ya mizu. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi makhalidwe chake chosiyana. M'nkhaniyi tiona mizu ya mitundu alipo, mitundu ya kachitidwe mizu. Komanso, ife kudziwa chikhalidwe chawo.

kodi mitundu ya mizu?

Standard muzu yodziwika ndi mawonekedwe filamentous kapena uzkotsilindricheskoy. Mu zomera zambiri, kuwonjezera pa mizu chachikulu (waukulu), anayamba komanso mitundu ina mizu - lateral ndi adventitious. Tiyeni tione zimene iwo ali.

muzu waukulu

Thupi chomera akufotokozera kwa mbewu embryonic mizu. Muzu waukulu yofanana (Mitundu ina ya mbewu mizu amakhala alipo mochulukitsa Chile). Adapulumutsa chomera mu mkombero moyo wake.

Pakuti muzu yodziwika ndi geotropism zabwino, chifukwa Yehova yokoka Dziko Lapansi, iye amapita kwambiri mu gawo lapansi molunjikitsa downwards.

mizu adventitious

mizu Adventitious otchedwa zomera, amene anapanga ziwalo zawo zina. Matupi awa akhoza kukhala zimayambira, masamba, mphukira, ndi zina zotero. Mwachitsanzo, dzinthu, pali otchedwa chachikulu adventitious mizu kuti zapakati pa phesi la Ndisanaumbidwe mbewu. Kukhala mu njira ya kumera wa mbewu zayamba imodzi ndi muzu waukulu.

Komanso, pali masamba adventitious mizu mitundu (chifukwa tichotseretu masamba), kapena mfundo tsinde (yopangidwa kuchokera rhizomes, aboveground kapena mfundo tsinde mobisa) ndi zina zotero. Pa mfundo m'munsi anapanga mizu yolimba, imene amatchedwa mpweya (umboni).

Zikamera wa mizu adventitious amachititsa chomera mphamvu kubalana vegetative.

mizu lateral

Otchedwa mizu lateral, akuwuka monga nthambi mbali. Iwo akhoza kupangidwa onse mu waukulu ndi mizu sekondale. Komanso, pakhoza kukhala nthambi, ndi ku mbali, chifukwa mu mapangidwe mizu lateral dongosolo apamwamba (loyamba, lachiwiri ndi lachitatu).

matupi Large mbali yodziwika ndi geotropism yopingasa, i.e. kukula amapezeka zayamba yopingasa kapena pa ngodya kwa nyemba zanu.

Kodi amatchedwa dongosolo muzu?

The mizu amatchedwa mitundu yonse ndi zoimira za mizu, zikupezeka chomera (ndiko, kuphatikiza awo). Malinga ndi chiŵerengero cha kukula kwa waukulu, lateral ndi adventitious mizu anatsimikiza ndi mtundu wake komanso chikhalidwe.

Mitundu kachitidwe muzu

kusiyana ndi yofunika kwambiri ndipo fibrous mizu.

Ngati muzu waukulu anayamba bwino ndi noticeable pakati pa mizu ya mitengo ina, kutanthauza kuti mbewu dongosolo pachimake. Ndi chibadidwe makamaka dicots.

dongosolo muzu wa mtundu yodziwika ndi kumera kwambiri m'nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, mizu ya zitsamba zina amatha kulowa kwa akuya mamita 10-12 (nkhumba nthula, nyemba). Kuya kwa malowedwe a mizu mtengo zina akhoza kufika 20 m.

Koma ngati anasonyeza wamkulu adventitious mizu kukhala ambiri, ndi chachikulu yodziwika ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono, dongosolo muzu aumbike wotchedwa fibrous.

Chotero dongosolo lomwe lili, monga ulamuliro, monocots ndi zina herbaceous. Ngakhale kuti mizu fibrous a dongosolo Kodi mkatikati mtima ngati ku pakati, ngakufunika particles entwine nthaka pafupi thereto. Ambiri ryhlokustovye ndipo pomwepo kenaka udzu n'kupanga fibrillose ndalama mvula a mizu chabwino, ankagwiritsa ntchito akhomere gullies nthaka malo otsetsereka ndi zina zotero. Pakati pa abwino udzu zaderniteley monga quack udzu, brome, fescue, Kentucky bluegrass ndi ena.

mizu mutated

Kuwonjezera lililonse zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, pali mitundu ina mizu ndi machitidwe mizu. Iwo amatchedwa kusinthidwa.

kuwonjezera mpaka mizu

M'sitolo pa monga mizu ndi korneklubni.

Muzu ndi muzu mkanda pachimake mogwirizana ndi mafunsidwe momwemo zakudya. Komanso nawo mapangidwe mbali muzu mbewu m'munsi mwa tsinde la. Wopangidwa makamaka a kuwonjezera minofu chimapangitsa. Zitsanzo za mbewu muzu atha kutumikira ngati parsley, Palestina ankalima, kaloti, Beets, ndi ena.

Ngati unakhuthala kuti mizu katundu ndi lateral ndi adventitious mizu, iwo amatchedwa muzu tubers (cones). Iwo anakamba mbatata, mbatata, dahlia, etc.

mizu mlengalenga

Izi mizu lateral, kukula mu malo okwera. Pali zingapo zomera. Iwo kuyamwa madzi ndi mpweya mpweya. Kumeneko zomera kukula mu zinthu chosowa mchere.

mizu kupuma

Mtundu uwu wa mizu mbali kuti kukula m'mwamba, kukwera pamwamba gawo lapansi, za madzi. Izi mitundu ya mizu anapanga zomera kukula pa nthaka kwambiri lonyowa zinthu chinyontho. Ndi mizu awa a zomera achoka mpweya vuto mpweya.

Thandizo (thabwa-buttress) mizu

Izi mitundu ya mizu ya mitengo lililonse kwa Mitundu lalikulu (mumamera Elm, popula, otentha m. P.) Kodi triangular protuberances ofukula anapanga mizu lateral Ndi m'mithunzi padziko nthaka kapena pamwamba. Iwo akutchedwanso thabwa-buttress, monga iwo amafanana matabwa kuti anatsamira motsamira mtengo.

Kayamba-sucker (haustoria)

Anaona zomera parasitic, amene sangathe photosynthesize. Zakudya zofunika kugwira ntchito bwinobwino, iwo amapangidwa ndi kukula pa tsinde kapena muzu wa zomera zina. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo pokhala zagwiridwa ndi phloem ndi xylem. Chomera tizirombo ndi zitsanzo za dodder, broomrape, duwali.

Haustorium-semiparasites zomera ndi mphamvu photosynthesis, kukula kokha mu xylem, kutenga mbewu khamu mchere basi (msondodzi-tirigu, mistletoe, etc.).

Mizu ya ngowe

Mtundu uwu wa mizu zina adventitious kuti kukhala pa tsinde la kukwera zomera. Ndi thandizo lawo zomera angathe angagwirizanitse ndi kuthandiza nyamuka ena (njira) oposa. Mizu imeneyi zilipo, mwachitsanzo, olimbikira ficus, Ivy ndi m. P.

Retractable (contractile) mizu

Khalidwe la mbewu, muzu wa amene yokhudza ufiti yafupika malangizo kotenga maziko a. Zitsanzo ndi zomera ndi mababu. Retractable mizu Mizu ndi mababu kupereka una mu nthaka. Komanso, pamaso pawo anachititsa snug zoyenera mwake (mwachitsanzo, dandelion) pansi ndi malo ofukula za mobisa pomwepo kenaka ndi muzu kolala.

Mycorrhiza (gribokoren)

Otchedwa mycorrhizal kudalirana (matanthauzo opindulitsa co-alipo) kwa mizu ya zomera apamwamba ndi mafangasi hyphae, amene entwine iwo, kuchita ntchito ya tsitsi mizu. Bowa kupereka zomera ndi madzi ndi zakudya kusungunuka mmenemo. Zomera, nayenso kupereka bowa akufunika kuti umoyo wawo organic zinthu.

mizu Mycorrhizae chibadidwe ambiri zomera apamwamba, makamaka zake.

tinatake tozungulira bakiteriya

Izi kusinthidwa mizu lateral, amene ndinazolowera limodzi asanakwatirane ndi symbiotic mabakiteriya asafe chikukonzekera. Nodulation ndi chifukwa malowedwe a mabakiteriya asafe-chikukonzekera mu mizu achinyamata. Ichi chizathandiza mchitidwe matanthauzo zomera kubala asafe amene mabakiteriya ndi anasamutsidwa mpweya mu mawonekedwe kupezeka kwa iwo. mabakiteriya amatipatsanso ndi malo apadera komwe iwo akhoza kugwira popanda kupikisana ndi mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya. Komanso, ntchito zinthu pano mu mizu zomera.

Yodziwika tinatake tozungulira bakiteriya kwa nyemba amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ameliorants kasinthasintha kuti alemere nthaka ndi asafe. The bwino asafe-chikukonzekera zomera amaonedwa ndi kachizindikiro nyemba udzu, monga nyemba buluu ndi wachikasu, clover pinki, ofiira ndi zoyera clover, sainfoin, Kakombo corniculatus ndi ena.

Kuwonjezera metamorphosis pamwamba, pali ena a mizu, muzu ngati struts (zimathandiza kulimbitsa ndi tsinde la), mizu stilted (thandizo zomera osati kumira mu matope) ndi suckers (masamba adventitious ndi ndi kupereka vegetative kafalitsidwe).