Dongosolo m'mimba mwa nyama: mbali structural

Nyama - ndi nyama kudyetsa ana awo mkaka. Iwo ndi bungwe koposa. Excretory, ubereki, m'mimba, kupuma ndi magazi dongosolo la nyama, kapangidwe zovuta kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mayunitsi ena mwadongosolo. Koma mwapadera ayenera linaperekedwa kwa kapangidwe ndi dongosolo m'mimba.

Zakudya ndi chimbudzi

Chakudya - chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za zamoyo. ndondomeko iyi imakhala pothandiza thupi komanso zinthu kusintha awo ndi excretion kunja zatsalira unprocessed zakudya. Ziwalo apadera amapezeka chimbudzi - komanso yogawanika zovuta zinthu organic (mapuloteni, lipids, chakudya) mu losavuta, sipangakhalenso odzipereka mu magazi. Chifukwa biopolymers apasuke ziwaloziwalo chigawo chimodzi? Popeza kuti mamolekyulu awo lalikulu kwambiri ndi sangalowerere ku njira m'mimba mwa magazi. Dongosolo m'mimba mwa nyama - yotero. Iwo ali zingapo zochititsa kuti kusiyanitsa iwo kuchokera chordates ena.

Kapangidwe ka dongosolo m'mimba mwa nyama

Chiwalo dongosolo imakhala ndi mbali ziwiri: njira ndi zopangitsa. The chakudya woyamba m'mimba, zakudya ali odzipereka mu magazi, ndipo zotsala ake unprocessed kupita kunja. Alimentary ngalande zikuphatikizapo Ndime zotsatirazi: buccal M'mimbamo, pharynx, kum'mero, m'mimba, ang'ono ndi lalikulu intestine, zikuthera chotulukira. Therethrough ndipo amachotsa zinyalala undigested. Features ya kapangidwe ka dongosolo m'mimba mwa nyama ndi pamaso pa chitsulo. Izi ziwalo wapadera, amene michere - catalysts kwachilengedwenso kuti kulimbikitsa ndondomeko ya pogawanikana pamawere wa biopolymers.

Features wa chimbudzi pa kamwa

Mabungwe zolengedwa zoyamwitsa m'mimba dongosolo, ndipo makamaka njira akuyamba ndi M'mimbamo m'kamwa. Tsaya ndipo mulomo mawonekedwe preoral patsekeke. Pamenepa ndi pamene mitundu iwiri ya processing chakudya. Mawotchi ikuchitika mwa mano kusiyanitsidwa ndi lilime, mankhwala - enzyme wa zopangitsa ndi malovu. Apa iwo adzaphatikizana mtundu umodzi wokha wa zinthu organic - polysaccharides, zovuta chakudya kwa dzuwa yosavuta.

Zosiyanasiyana mano zimatengera mtundu wa chakudya ndi njira ya ulimi wake. Derali ndi incisors ambiri otukuka, chifukwa herbivores ndi molars lililonse mawonekedwe mosabisa, ndi zinsomba mano zikusowa pa onse.

Chimbudzi mmimba

Bolus kuchokera mkamwa mwa kum'mero kwa m'mimba ikuyenda - gawo lalikulu kukodzedwa kwa njira lonse. Makoma ake akulu anayamba ndi kuotcha, ndi chakudya ndi losanganikirana. Apa izo poyera, ndi processing mankhwala. M'mimba, mitsempha ya magazi a nyama ndi zogwirizana kwambiri. madzi chapamimba imaphwanya mapulotini lipids ku monomers - zigawo zikuluzikulu. Ndi njira yokhayi imene iwo kulowa mu magazi.

Chimbudzi m'matumbo

Dongosolo m'mimba za m'mimba zolengedwa zoyamwitsa akupitiriza: ang'ono ndi lalikulu. Pang'ono m'mimba m'mimba, zakudya akulowa mbali yaing'ono ya gulu lake loyamba. Apa pali chimbudzi chomaliza mayamwidwe zinthu mu magazi ndi lymph. Woyamba za m'mimba yaing'ono yotchedwa duodenum. Iwo lotseguka ducts a kapamba ndi chiwindi. Large intestine - yomaliza ya dongosolo m'mimba. Apa ambiri a madzi odzipereka ndipo anapanga chopondapo, reflexively kusunthira kutali rectum.

m'mimba England

Dongosolo m'mimba mwa nyama amakhala ndi kukhalapo kwa ayironi. Ili ndi thupi, lomwe ndi michere. M'mimbamo m'kamwa ndi magulu atatu a zopangitsa malovu. Iwo secrete ndi slimy mankhwala colorless. The zikuchokera malovu ndi madzi, michere amylase ndi maltase ndi ntchofu mucin. Aliyense wa iwo akuchita ntchito yake. Madzi wets chakudya lysozyme inactivates tizilombo ndi mudzaiwala, amylase ndi cleaves maltase zimam'patsa mucin ali ndi kutetezedwa kwenikweni.

The zikuchokera madzi chapamimba monga acid amathiridwa, kulepheretsa njira putrefactive ndi zolimbikitsa ntchito locomotor. zinthu zina ndi michere pepsin ndi lipase, amene ankalemekeza lamamatira mapulotini lipids. acid amathiridwa ndi mankhwala mankhwala yogwira, zikhoza kuwononga moyo ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Kuyambira lero zochita zake amateteza ntchofu (mucin).

Kapamba amatulutsa timadziti m'mimba, michere ongokhala trypsin, amylase ndi lipase. Iwo potsiriza lamamatira ndi chinthu chilichonse organic.

Great ndi udindo wa chiwindi. Izo zonse anapanga ya ndulu. Kamodzi mu intestine laling'ono, emulsifies mafuta. Akamanena za ndondomeko ndi kuvunda kwa biopolymers izi mu m'malovu yaing'ono. Choncho, mwamsanga m'mimba ndi chosakanikirana ndi thupi. Kutsegula wa michere, kuchuluka galimoto ntchito za m'mimba, inali kuwola amasiya - komanso ndi ntchito ya chiwindi.

ndi michere Kodi

Ndipo tsopano zambiri za chikhalidwe ndi limagwirira cha zochita za michere. Monga catalysts zamoyo iwo kufulumizitsa zosiyanasiyana zimachitikira. Thirakiti m'mimba mwa nyama makamaka chabe malo a zochita za michere.

Kudyetsa makhalidwe a nyama

Zogwiritsira masinthidwe mankhwala mankhwala kwa nthawi yopeza amapeza otchedwa kagayidwe. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe zofunika kukula, chitukuko, ndi kokha kuli chilichonse chamoyo moyo. magulu osiyana nyama m'njira zambiri ndinazolowera ulimi wa chakudya. Ogwirira ukulimbana ndi nyama ofooka. Kuchita izi, ali ndi mano bwino anayamba, womwe incisors ndi canines. Ndipo ambiri zamiyendo Inayi ndipo zimadya mitundu. Chidwi makamaka ruminants. kachitidwe kawo m'mimba makamaka zovuta. The incisors kwathunthu kutali pamwamba, iwo m'malo mwa dzino mtanda wodzigudubuza ndi mano ndi underdeveloped. nyumba imeneyi mano zofunika kutafuna udzu - chingamu. Akadyamsonga, ng'ombe ndi mbawala yamphongo - zikusonyeza oimira gulu la nyama. mimba zawo lagawidwa m'zigawo zinayi. Iwo amatchedwa rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum. M'nthawi ya fodya ameneyu amatafunidwa chakudya awiri linawola m'magulu olimba ndi madzi. Chingamu burped mmimba kumbuyo m'kamwa ndi fodya ameneyu amatafunidwa kachiwiri. Ndiye mosamala kukonzedwa chakudya yomweyo afika dipatimenti lachitatu - buku, ndiyeno - mu abomasum ndi. Mu dipatimenti lotsiriza lino iye chinaperekedwa ku zochita za madzi chapamimba, ndipo potsiriza linagawanika.

nyama Non-ruminant monga nguluwe, nkhumba ndi mvuu ndi zosavuta umodzi chipinda m'mimba ndi dongosolo muyezo m'mimba.

Kuti akathyole chakudya, ntchito zina nyama nthambi. Choncho, njovu amaika chakudya m'kamwa ntchito thunthu. Ndipo mileme kuti kudya timadzi tokoma, ndi nkhope flattened ndi lilime mu mawonekedwe a burashi. A chipangizo chapadera ndi chakudya katundu. makoswe ambiri kusunga tirigu m'mapaketi tsaya.

Dongosolo m'mimba mwa nyama ali ndi dongosolo zovuta zomwe makamaka amadalira chikhalidwe cha chakudya ndi nyama malo.