Maphunziro azachilengedwe - nthanthi sayansi ya kukhala munthu ndi anthu onse.

Kuyambira pachiyambi, tisaiwale kuti anthu omwe si akatswiri ofufuza nzeru ndi kutali sayansi sangadziwitse kuti amaphunzira maphunziro azachilengedwe ndi kuti izi ziri kwa sayansi. Choncho zovuta ndi zosokoneza yazyk.No m'masayansi nzeru zaumunthu, amene akhoza zimachitika amalanga monga maphunziro azachilengedwe, ndi si zachilendo. Komanso, aliyense nzeru zapamwamba akulimbikira pa kumvetsa kwake kwa dongosolo, anapezazo ake ankakonda kunyalanyaza mpumulo. Ife kuwonjezera kuti, anthu okha kutsutsana ngati pali ubwino uliwonse ontologii.Chto zambiri anamvetsa mwa maphunziro azachilengedwe ndi? The Science kokhala, za anthu, wamuyaya, mfundo zambiri zodabwitsa komanso ambiri a pokhala, mtheradi, wosasintha ndi t.d.Chto maphunziro maphunziro azachilengedwe? Ngati ontos mu Greek - wabwinobwino, maphunziro azachilengedwe ndi sayansi ya kuti aliko? Zikuoneka kuti zonse ndi yosavuta. Koma kodi n'zotheka kudziwa phunziro la sayansi ku dzina lake?

Mu mabuku a nzeru maphunziro azachilengedwe ndi nthambi ya nzeru, kuganizira ambiri, kuyambira munthu palokha, mfundo ndi maziko a moyo. Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza chiyani? Kodi kukhala? Kodi zingakhale chilengedwe mfundo ndi maziko? Kodi sangadalire pa munthu? Ndipo tanthauzo ziliko kapena kukhala? Ndikuganiza kuti cholinga ndi kuti popanda mwatsatanetsatane maphunziro azachilengedwe nkhani kafukufuku, kuti popanda yankho la funso "Kodi kuphunzira maphunziro azachilengedwe?" Popanda kufufuza mfundo zimene kuwasiyanitsa ochokera m'madera ena a chidziwitso, aliyense tanthauzo maphunziro azachilengedwe izo sizidzakhala kuposa ya mawu tanthauzo, zosaposa kufotokoza maganizo ake avtora.No m'nkhani ino yochepa ife sakhulupirira ntchito imeneyi. Chotero ife akunjate tokha kwambiri kapena zochepa mfundo boma la view.

Maphunziro azachilengedwe - ndi nthambi ya nzeru kuti amaphunzira wokhalapo. M'lingaliro tingachipeze powerenga za maphunziro azachilengedwe ndi kudziŵa za obschem.Odnim kwambiri nkhani yaikulu ndi maphunziro azachilengedwe: pali mfundo zikuluzikulu za sayansi: wokhalapo, kayendedwe, nthawi, malo, mawonekedwe aliko (existential, angwiro, chuma) katundu struktura.Takim njira maphunziro azachilengedwe akuyesera m'njira kwambiri ambiri kulongosola chilengedwe cha alipo, si zokhazo sayansi zimenezi, kungakhale reducible kuti nim.Voprosy anapereka maphunziro azachilengedwe - mutu wakale kwambiri wa nzeru, amene kunayamba Parmenides ndi zoyenera ena okratikam. Athandiza Kwambiri kaonedwe chitukuko cha maphunziro azachilengedwe anayambitsa Aristotle ndi Plato.

The nzeru za Ages Middle chapakati ontological vuto linali, ngati pali umboni zinthu (universals) .In nzeru za m'ma XX nkhani ontological mwapadera chinkhoswe mu nzeru ena zotsatirazi :. Nikolay Gartman, Martin Heidegger, ndipo ena mu nzeru ya makono ya wapadera chidwi maphunziro azachilengedwe vuto soznaniya.Chto maphunziro maphunziro azachilengedwe Main? phunziro la sayansi izi ziri chimatanthauza umodzi ndi kukwaniritsa mitundu yonse ya chowonadi: Zidzikhala, pafupifupi, chikhalidwe, m'maganizo, ife kale fizicheskoy.Realnost kusonkhana ndi nkhani (dziko chuma) ndi mzimu (dziko mzimu, kuphatikizapo chiphunzitso cha miyoyo, Mulungu) ndi kugawaniza (materialists) pa moyo, kukhudza ndi ukusokoneza chikhalidwe (zomwe kumatanthauza zamawonekedwe ndi kuyang'ana munthu monga munthu chabe mu general). mwa kukhala zoona kuti mungakhale. moyang'anizana ake - ndi kanthu Sindingachite, komanso (nthanthi ya Aristotelian) akadali osati-kukhala zotheka. Mu existentialism m'mbuyomu zaka phenomenology chakutsindikizidwa kuzindikiridwa ndi munthu monga zolengedwa yekha ndi kuganiza ndi kufunsa funso aliko.

Komabe, metaphysics chakale cha kukhala bwino kwa Mulungu. Anthu monga kukhala, ndi chifuniro ndi svobodoy.Sotsialnaya maphunziro azachilengedwe - chiphunzitso cha kuli anthu. Mu kutanthauzira zamakono - chiphunzitso cha kuli anthu, zomwe zikuphatikizapo kuphunzitsa za munthu, za anthu, zogwirizana awo kudzinenera zakukhosi.