Atamanga denga House: mitundu, kapangidwe, zigawo ndi zipangizo

Kumangidwa kwa denga ndi chomaliza yomanga nyumba. Umagwira ntchito osati luso, komanso yokongola kunyumba. Ngati mwaganiza kuti malawi kwanu lidzaponyedwe denga, muyenera kudziwa kuti zolinga amenewa ndi zovuta kumvetsa. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a limbikitsa akhoza anapambutsa denga matabwa, hipped kapena kuthetsera. ziwembu zingakukhudzireni zosiyanasiyana kwambiri :. Capstan, pyramidal, conical, etc. The nyengo apanga ambiri madenga anamanga okongoletsedwa yomanga.

mafotokozedwe ambiri

Atamanga denga amalimbikitsa runoff chilengedwe cha madzi mvula ndi chipale anasungunuka. Njingayo anatsimikiza ndi kona imene chute ndi umafuna wa yopingasa. nyumba izi ndi ngodya ya osachepera 5 ° Komabe, osauka ndi anthu umene mbali aliyense ali ndi njira yolunjika. Malinga ndi zimene Kamangidwe wonse wa nyumba, nyengo pamwamba pa mapeto, ndi chuma anasankha kuponyedwa denga akhoza kukhala chipangizo yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mpukutu zambiri ndithu mvula ndi denga chophimba si wandiweyani kwambiri, ndiziwunda kukhala ozizira m'dera lanu. Pa mphepo yamphamvu kuchepetsa pamwamba kuthamanga akhale pofuna. Ngati inu molondola kukatenga otsetsereka, ndiye inu adzatha kuchepetsa ndalama yomanga ndi ntchito ndalama. yomanga amphamvu kwambiri mtengo, kuyambira timatha kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zambiri nthawi imodzi.

Main mitundu ya madenga atamanga

4-sloped denga ndi wachibale wina wa mitundu ya mapangidwe ofanana. Pakati pawo tiyenera kuunikila uni, matabwa, poluvalmovaya, denga, ozungulira, conical, pyramidal, ndi chetyrehschiptsovuyu. Okhetsedwa ndi zophweka kwambiri mu mawonekedwe, iwo adzatenga madzi mu njira imodzi yokha. Iwo ntchito kuphimba yaing'ono nyumba, mapazi, yophunzitsa, nyumba kanthawi nyumba malonda. Facilities Pankhaniyi sadzakhala ndi chapamwamba kapena denga danga.

2-anamanga denga ntchito otsika-nyamuka yomanga. Iwo ali amakona anayi mawonekedwe, ndi mbali mbali akuitanidwira pediments. Poluvalmovaya denga hipped kosiyana ndi zimene ndiziwunda kudula gawo la matabwa a. Denga pyramidal ntchito monga mwa mawu a nyumba ali ndi mawonekedwe lalikulu kapena mawonekedwe a rectangle zonse.

Kulengedwa ndi Gawo

Denga mumbali madenga ndi zinthu ziwiri zazikulu, ndicho - kuteteza ndi kuthandiza. Yotsirizira m'pofunika kuti atenge katundu wa mphepo ndi denga. Ndi thandizo lawo, kulemera ndi anagawira pa khoma zothangatira ndi payokha inali thandizo. Pochita zimenezi, mphamvu ya zinthu katundu zobala amene timapemphera amafuna mwachilungamo kuyeza. The Gawo ali mauerlat ndi truss dongosolo. Tikumbukenso kuti chipangizo chikuphatikizapo sloped denga fasteners mu mawonekedwe a struts, braces ndi matabwa. The stiffness anakhumba zimatheka mothandizidwa ndi truss lapansi.

Mauerlat - bala kuti chili ndi kuthandiza a kudenga mumbali ndi mtengo. Ntchito chinthu ichi anagawira katundu padengapo. Mauerlat ndi mtundu wa m'munsi kwa kukonza. Ngati mukufuna kupanga denga m'lingaliro tingachipeze powerenga mawu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito matabwa ndi mbali ya masentimita 15. Kufunika osachepera apeze matabwa ndi 10 cm. Anamanga denga DIY manja angathe kuchitidwa kwa chipangizo mauerlat. Ngati ndi mauerlat, izo adzaikidwe pamodzi kutalika lonse la nyumba kapena kukhazikitsa yekha pansi mtanda wa.

Pamene ntchito kudenga la mbali yaing'ono ndondomeko Buku, kachitidwe akhoza prosest. Pofuna kupewa vuto limeneli, kukhazikitsa ndi grille, imene dongosolo adzatero crossbars, posts ndi struts. Kuchita struts ndi braces ayenera kukonzekera bolodi 15 centimeter amene makulidwe ayenera kukhala wolingana ndi masentimita 2.5. Ndi zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mbale matabwa, zopangidwa kuchokera ku zipika matabwa ndi awiri a masentimita 13 kapena kupitirira. Mauerlat adzaikidwe m'mphepete pamwamba pa khoma, nupite mbali ya m'mphepete mkati kapena kunja.

Chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu - mauerlat

4-anamanga denga ali mauerlat zimene ziyenera ili 5 cm kuchokera m'mphepete kapena pafupi pamalo lakunja la mpanda. Kukonza khoma ayenera kuchitidwa mwa njira yotero kuti kulenga matanga, omwe amathandiza kuti katunduyu mkulu pa mkuntho. The kaŵirikaŵiri monga chuma ndi ntchito matabwa mauerlat, koma ngati kapangidwe denga amapangidwa ndi zitsulo, ndi apindule ine, mtengo kapena bala njira.

Denga zida mu mauerlat

Ngati mukuganiza bwanji kupanga denga anamanga ndi mauerlat, kuika otsiriza ikuchitika pa kumatira wosanjikiza, amene akhoza kuchita monga chuma denga. Kuchokera pamwamba pa pansi chapamwamba , mukhoza mupewe masentimita 40. Iliyonse 5 mamita purlins kupumula pa zipilala, amene matsirizidwe apansi vrublyus mu sleepers. Ngodya pakati pa strut ndi mtanda phazi ayenera kukhala pafupifupi wofanana 90 °. Ngati chipangizo anamanga denga truss mwendo adzakhala yaitali, unsembe wa zogwiriziza zina ayenera idzachitika kutenga nkhani thandizo pa sleepers lapansi. Aliyense mauerlat kugwirizana ayenera losindikizidwa ndi mfundo ziwiri, limene lili moyandikana ndi pa nthawi yomweyo atathana kudenga. Pamodzi ndi kukafika kutsogolo kwa denga dongosolo wangwiro yomanga kupangidwa. Koma mauerlat zigawo munthu akhoza pabwino pansi mtanda wa.

Zida dongosolo truss

4 anamanga denga thandizo dongosolo ali dongosolo truss, izo wapangidwa ndi kudenga, ndi struts mwachibadwa, komanso zoongoka choimirira. kudenga ndi mtengo, zipangizo wosanganiza, zitsulo kapena konkire. Fasteners ndi chithabwa, struts, struts ndi strut. Kudenga olumikiza ulimi.

chifukwa umboni wa

dongosolo Truss ayenera zolumikizana mu makona ndi chifukwa chinthu chimodzimodzi ake ndi kukhazikika. Pakuti kudenga angagwiritsidwe ntchito matabwa a-gawo mtanda zosiyanasiyana anatsimikiza ndi kutalika kwa kudenga, imaŵerengedwa phindu katundu, ndi mtunda pakati kudenga. Pankhani ziwembu yosavuta,-gawo mtanda kukula akhoza zimasiyana 40x150 kuti 100x250 mm.

Poluvalmovaya denga ndi manja ake

Ngati mwaganiza nyumba, anamanga denga kungakhale njira yabwino, ngati kusuntha mamangidwe ndi poluvalmovaya denga. madenga awa ali oyenera madera mphepo katundu cholimba, monganso kuteteza nyumbayi ku otaya mpweya, kuthetsa blurring wa matabwa ndi podduvanie. danga chapamwamba ndi choyambirira, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati m'nyumba. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti asasiye luso makamaka zomangamanga. Mu sitepe yoyamba pamodzi ndi kukafika kutsogolo kwa denga ladzala screed M'menemo aliyense 120 masentimita kapena zochepa wokwera sitadi amene awiri ndi 10 mm. Pa fasteners deta skewer lanu bala, kumangitsa mtedza. Izi adzalola kuti kulenga mauerlat, pambuyo chimene mudzatha kukhazikitsa dongosolo truss.

Chotsatira adzakhala unsembe wa kudenga mwachibadwa, zomwe zachokera pa makoma kunja. Pofuna kuchepetsa katundu wotsiriza, muyenera kuchita zikayamba cha kulumikiza pakati pa kudenga naye. M'mphepete udzakhala khoma lakunja, pamene lamkati gawo - zogwiriziza ndipo Mkati mwake.

Yopangidwa chikukonzekera kudenga kuti lokwera mtengo, chosungikira pamwamba. Izo interconnect thandizo. Pa m'chiuno matabwa mphamvu zothetsa thandizo. ena onse ayenera atathana ndi lokwera lapansi. Unsembe pakati kudenga zichitike mu gawo lina lotsatira. Gawo therebetween ayenera kukhala wolingana kachigawo kutchinjiriza moto, chizindikiro ichi zimasiyanasiyana masentimita 60 120. Kenako matabwa mtanda udzakhazikitsidwa.

Zida kuthetsera denga

Mu sitepe yoyamba, kudziwa chimene chidzakhala ngodya ya ndingaliro ya denga. mfundo zokhwima ndi pakati pa 11 ndi 60 °. Zonse kudalira pa zochitika mumlengalenga ndi zipangizo patsinde pa denga, komanso mbali kamangidwe ka nyumba. Pakuti madera kumpoto otsetsereka ayenera kukhala wolingana ° 40, ndi matalala sadzakhala akukhala pa denga. Mphepo yamphamvu mbali ya ndingaliro ayenera kukhala laling'ono. Mu steppe ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'madera chizindikiro ichi ndi chochoka kwa ° 11 45.

The njira ntchito pa dongosolo la denga kuthetsera

Pakuti madera mphepo yamphamvu akhoza kufikako denga, denga anamanga laperekedwa amakonda ena. Ndiye mukhoza chitani yomanga dongosolo denga. Gawo ili denga kungakhale slidably, atapachikidwa kapena naslonnym. Yotsirizira ndi zophweka kwambiri, kudenga zikhazikitsidwe mpanda kunja ndi mtengo kwambiri. mtanda kutalika akhoza kukhala wolingana 4.5 m, koma ngati imodzi chidutswa, kulumikiza zinthu kwa kuwonjezeka amayesetsa zosavomerezeka.

Ovuta kwambiri mu chipangizo ndi mamangidwe ndi atapachikidwa kudenga, ali applicable, ngati pali kufunika kuti utali lalikulu. Iwo anasonkhana pa nthaka limodzi ndi crate awo, kenako limatuluka pamwamba, zochokera thandizo kwambiri. Pambuyo crate kukhomedwa alipo ndi chapamwamba, amene amapereka kapangidwe mphamvu apamwamba. Pakuti truss dongosolo kuthetsera denga mipiringidzo yabwino ntchito mu gawo 30x150 mm. Mtunda pakati pa matabwa ayenera 80 cm.

otsetsereka The ziperekedwe kwa mmunsi mwa mbali leeward. chiwerengero cha thandizo matabwa kuti akhale ofanana, ndi matabwa matabwa phazi ayenera kupanga kansalu. Kudenga anayikidwa pa mapeto amodzi mu mauerlat kagawo, pamene mapeto ena ayenera kuikidwa mu matabwa ndi misomali slate. Kusintha kudalirika kwa kumanga waya. Mauerlat kwa hedging womangidwa ndi khoma kapena lokhazikika yaitali akapichi nangula.

ayamikira Katswiri kwa padenga chipangizo

Chotsatira adzakhala yopanga sheathing wa matabwa planed, amene kukonzedwa ndi moto kukana ndi chinyezi chotchinga zipangizo. Matabwa imakonzedwa perpendicular kudenga, mtunda wa pakati pawo sayenera masentimita oposa 15. The matabwa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito lath lalikulu ndi mbali ya 50 mm. Kenako, okhoza, nthunzi, ndiponso chili kwa crate misomali ang'ono ndi chipewa lonse. Yotsirizira nthawi zina m'malo ndi zakudya zamtundu chakudya mfuti. Izi osati kufulumizitsa nthawi ya ntchito, komanso zokulitsa moyo kudenga.

Mu siteji yotsatira zakonzedwa kutchinjiriza ndi kumatira wosanjikiza, yotsirizira amene mayina kanthu perpendicularly kudenga. Nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti gulu lotsatira overlaps wina m'mbuyomu, ndi zimfundo ayenera losindikizidwa.

Pomaliza

Truss kachitidwe, amene ali mbali ya madenga atamanga, akhoza lopangidwa ndi zitsulo zopangira denga kudzanso denga, truss poyambira pamwamba ndi akalumikidzidwa zovuta, lumo truss kapena munda wapawiri. Ngati mfundo za dongosolo denga mapazi, amene zinthu ngati thandizo lath. Iwo anaika pamodzi otsetsereka denga.

The otsetsereka yoyenera kwambiri kuthetsera denga kusamba, mukufuna kuphimba ndi chuma denga, amaona chizindikiro cha ° 10 kwa 15. Mu ❖ kuyanika izi ziwiri wosanjikiza ndatopa wosanjikiza lakunja ndi denga chimapangitsa. Koma mapangidwe a dongosolo denga ayenera kuganizira miyeso ya yomanga. Ngati ndi chachikulu, kapangidwe ayenera wodzilemekeza ndi zoongoka ndipo contractions.