Yakub Kolas: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Yakub Kolas, amene yonena ladzala ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana, anakhala kwenikweni zovuta, koma umenewu ndi wa zosangalatsa. wolemba anapeza munthu wochititsa chidwi kwambiri, osati panyumba, Belarus, komanso ankagwira kunja.
Kolas Yakub Mihaylovich akuti ndi woyambitsa wa latsopano ndi zamakono chikhalidwe Chibelarusi. Koma kwa malingaliro otseguka mtundu mu nthawi yake, anali kulipira mkulu mtengo zokwanira. Munthu uyu pafupifupi zaka zitatu, anali ukaidi monga mkaidi ndale.

Yakub Kolas -biografiya munthu chodabwitsa

anthu ochepa chabe amene akudziwa kuti dzina lenileni la wolemba Chibelarusi -Konstantin Mickiewicz. Mabuku awo ndi ntchito munthu kusainira kwa pseudonym, ndicho chifukwa chake mu mabuku dziko, anali kudziŵika pansi pa dzina ankaganiza -Yakub Colas. Wambiri mwa ndakatulo anayamba kakang'ono Chibelarusi m'mudzi wotchedwa Akinchitsy. Iye anabadwa pa 03.11.1882, mu nkhalango wamba banja.

N'zokayikitsa kuti makolo akhoza ndiye amaganiza kuti kunja kwa mnyamata wamba pang'ono amene ankafuna kuphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba, ubwana ankakonda kuwerenga, kukula kudziwika Yakub Kolas. yonena wake akhala atsimikiza chifukwa chakuti atate, pokhala nkhalango yosavuta, akha- kuonetsetsa kuti mwana wake analandila maphunziko yoyenera. Ndi zimakhudza kwambiri Yakobo anali amalume ake -Anton. Kuti iye anali wokhoza kuphunzitsa mnyamata chikondi chachikulu mabuku.

Wambiri: Yakub Kolas -Getting maphunziro ndi mawonetseredwe woyamba wa talente

Mu 1883, wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo anasamuka ndi banja lake ku Lastok, kumene iye anali kupita ku makalasi "oyendayenda" mphunzitsi wina dzina lake Ales Fursevich. Kenako Jakub anapitiriza maphunziro ake pa Nikolaevschinskoy pulayimale sukulu. Zinali nthawi imeneyi kuti anachita chidwi ndi ntchito za Gogol, Krylov, Pushkin, Nekrasov, Tolstoy ndi Lermontov. Mwa ndakatulo zoweta kuganiza kwambiri mnyamata anapanga ndakatulo wake Janka Lucina. Mu 1892, Yakub Kolas, chithunzi chimene m'nkhani ino, sukulu onse Nikolaev, ndipo patapita zaka 2 ndithu bwinobwino maphunziro.

mankhwala wake woyamba kwambiri Colas analemba pa zaka 12. Iwo ankatchedwa "Spring", ndi womvera loyamba la ndime iyi anabereka wolemba ndakatulo -Mikhail Kazimirovich. Iye anasangalala kwambiri ndime mwana, kuti iye anali pa ntchito Maltsev anapereka ruble, umene panthawi imeneyo unali ndi ndalama ndithu.

Yambani zilandiridwenso Kolas

Mu chaka cha 1898, mnyamata analowa Nesvizh mphunzitsi seminare, kumene mwachangu anayamba yonena wake zolembalemba. Yakub Kolas ndi changu oona kuwerenga ntchito za Mickiewicz, Shevchenko, Gogol, Koltsov, Franco. Komanso, ali kwambiri chidwi m'nthano Chibelarusi, anaphunzira ethnography ndi olembedwa m'kamwa mwambo Belarusians.

Mu yomweyi, iye akuyesera kulemba m'chinenero chawo. Kwenikweni, ndakatulo wake ndi prose anali chikhalidwe ndi moyo wosalira zambiri alimi akumidzi, amene sanayambe kunali kovuta.

Tikumbukenso kuti wolemba wachinyamata kwambiri kufooketsedwa ndi mphunzitsi wake - Kudrinsky. Iye anavomereza kuti ntchito yake Atchule chakuti zofunika kwambiri malemba olembedwa Chibelarusi. matamando lotere lochokera kwa munthu wodziwika zotsimikizirika kufuna kupitiriza Yakub zolembalemba ntchito.

Yambani activism

Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, maphunziro achinyamata mphunzitsi Polesie. Iye akupitiriza kusonkhanitsa m'nthano Chibelarusi, analemba mabuku awo kukonda dziko lako ndipo nthawi yomweyo kwa nthawi yoyamba yodziwa mabuku kunachitika.

Yakub Kolas akuyamba kuchititsa nkhani yogwira ndi osawuka, amene akuyesera mumawasonyeza kuti kufunika kumenyera ufulu wawo. Kukhala munthu wophunzira, amawathandiza bwino kukonza kupemphera kwa anthu a m'derali. Iwo amasonyeza kufunika msipu ntchito pagulu ndi nyanja. Zinthu zimenezi zikhoza amaona olamulira, ndipo ngati chilango cha ntchito imeneyi, Mitskevitsa posakhalitsa anasamutsira kuphunzitsa sukulu Verhmenskoe.

Koma ngakhale kumeneko, wolemba sasiya kulimbikitsa awo. Mu 1906, iye anali kulinganiza ndi ophunzira a Congress la Aphunzitsi (oletsedwa), umene mwachangu anafotokoza za kufunika kwa chiwonongeko ulamuliro wa tsarist. Kumene, msonkhano uno linathyoka ndi apolisi, ndi Mickiewicz anali pansi kufufuza.

mabuku oyamba ndi kumangidwa

Kamodzi sanali chiphunzitso, wolemba kulandira mwayi wodziwika publicist A. Vlasov ndipo akuyamba ntchito mu kope nyuzipepala ya "gawo lathu". September 1, 1906 mu kusindikiza nyumba kwa nthawi yoyamba, pansi pa pseudonym Yakub Kolas, Mickiewicz lofalitsidwa ndime.

Panthawi imeneyi, ife kupitiriza kufufuza mu gulu la msonkhano aphunzitsi, ndi pa anamalizidwa wolemba m'ndende kwa zaka zitatu m'ndende. Kutumikira chiganizo mavuto ndithu, akupitiriza ntchito. Ali m'ndende, anayesa kulanga chithunzi anthu Konstantin Mitskevitsa, izo chikupitiriza adanenetsa ndipo ndinakulira mphamvu ndakatulo-patriot Kolas Yakub. Ndakatulo, mabuku olembedwa ndi iwo pa m'ndende, unakhala chizindikiro wake. Iwo anali mu ndende, wolemba ndakatulo panayambira chiphunzitso cha kulemba ntchito zimenezi otchuka monga:

• "Nyimbo za mlanduwo."
• "New Land".
• "Symon-woimba".

ntchito zimenezi amatha kupatsira pa chifuniro, ndipo iwo zinatuluka mu Nsanja ya "Nasha Niva". Ngakhale ndiye, iwo anamvera otsutsa Russian ananena pamaso pa ntchito za Kolas wakutemwa, Chibelarusi dziko ndi chizolowezi zoonekeratu kuti umunthu. Gorky anapereka kudzitamandira wabwino wa ntchito wamphamvu ameneyu.

The yaitali amasulidwe Jacob

Atatuluka, pasanathe zaka ziwiri, wolemba anaphunzitsa mu Pinsk. Nthawi imeneyi, anakumana mkazi wakeyu - Mariey Kamenskoy, ndipo mu 1913 m'banja. Mu banja banjali akhalira limodzi kwa zaka 30. nthawi ino yakhala kuberekana mu moyo wa Mickiewicz, analemba kwambiri ndipo anali kupeza wokha ngati zamphamvu wolemba Chibelarusi.

Kuthandiza pa nkhondo

Pambuyo chiyambi cha World nkhondo yoyamba ya ndakatulo iye usilikali Mfumu ya. Iye analandira udindo wa kapitawo chilolezo ndipo anali kutumikira utumiki wake Perm. Kenako anatumizidwa ku Romania kutsogolo ndi demobilized mu 1917 chifukwa cha matenda. Chifukwa Iye anali yabwino maphunziro mphunzitsi, iye kupitiriza utumiki wake ku malo kukhala m'tawuni wodekha ndi mphunzitsi ntchito kumeneko. Nthawi imeneyi, lofalitsidwa deta yake ya ndakatulo, liwuli lidalembedwa lomveka odana ndi nkhondo aubusa.

kuzindikira Official a ndakatulo iyi

Nkhondo itatha, Yakub Kolas analandira kutchuka lonse ndi kuzindikira. Mu 1921 anabwerera Minsk, kumene mwachangu analemba, imafalitsidwa. Iye ankagwira ntchito sayansi ndi akutumikira monga mphunzitsi. Mu 1926 iye anali kupereka mutu aulemu "ndakatulo Anthu a Belarus." Patapita zaka ziwiri iye anasankhidwa kukhala wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti wa Academy of Sciences ya BSSR. Kusonkhanitsa kwa wake wa ndakatulo, Mickiewicz kawiri kupereka USSR State Prize. Nkhondo yachiwiri itatha, munthu wakhama yogwira, anali phungu ngati kazembe Supreme Soviet Union wa Byelorussian SSR ndi USSR. Komanso, wolemba anakhala membala aulemu wa Academy, anamuzindikira ndi ntchito wolemekezeka kwambiri mwa sayansi. Jakub pa moyo wake anali kupereka mendulo ambiri ndi zokongoletsa.

imfa wolembayo

Mu ulamuliro wa Soviet, olemba ambiri ndi malingaliro mtundu akugwa pansi pa anaziika khutu la matupi kuponderezedwa. Ndinali nazonso ndi Yakub Kolas. Mphotho analandira mwa izo ndi maulamuliro Soviet sanathe kupulumutsa wolemba ku nthawi zonse kukayikirana kufunsa mafunso ndi kusaka. Izi kwambiri kuchichepetsa makhalidwe ake ndiponso athanzi. Wolemba ndakatulo anamwalira mu 1956 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu dziko lakwawo, mu mzinda wa Minsk.