Wambiri ya Jonathan Swift, ntchito, makoti

Wambiri ya Jonathan Swift - ndi nkhani ya Olemba Irish amene ankagwira ntchito ku mtundu wanyimbo satirical, satirizing ndi makhalidwe oipa a anthu. "Maulendo Gulliver a" - ndiwotani ambiri owerenga ambiri a bukhu, imene akulu ndi ana adzapeza njira atulukira nzeru za anthu.

wolemba

Wambiri Jonathan Swift kumayambira Ireland, ku Dublin, November 30, 1667. Bambo ake anamwalira asanabadwe mwana wake, nduna zazing'ono sanadzisiyira n'zodalirika wa banja. Boy pa maphunziro anatenga Godwin amalume. mlongo wanga anali ndi mayi ake, banja lake Jonathan sanaone kwambiri.

Mu 1682 iye analembetsa pa Utatu - College, maphunziro ndi digiri yoyamba. Pa nthawi ya chiwonongeko cha King James Wachiwiri Civil nkhondo inayamba mu Ireland. Swift ku England anali wachibale William Temple ndi mayi ake Iye anatumikira monga mlembi wa zaka ziwiri. Temple, nthumwi olemera, amasamalira tsoka la Jonathan mbali achangu. Ndi iye amene atsegula luso mabuku a wolemba wamng'ono, ndipo kumathandiza kupeza ntchito yabwino.

buku

Wambiri Jonathan Swift ngati wolemba amabadwa ndi mabuku 1704 ntchito ziwiri: "nthano ya mphika" fanizo "Nkhondo ya Books", komanso ndakatulo ndi mavesi. anakagwira parishi Larakor (Ireland) 1705 kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo mu 1713 ndi Swift zikuchoka mkulu malo pa Cathedral St. Patrick. positi amapereka ndalama wabwino ndi kuthekera kulemba ndi zinthu zosangalatsa.

Mu 1724, pansi pa pseudonym zimatulutsa "Letters draper." Mu 1726, amasulidwe "Maulendo Gulliver mu" 2 mabuku. Mu 1742, Swift amanyamula sitiroko amphamvu, chifukwa umene wotaya ndi luso mwina maganizo. Madzulo cha imfa yake, iye analemba epitaph pa manda, lomwe nkhani, monga mmene anafotokozera mu chifuniro chake, ndipo nditagwa ake: "The mkwiyo kumbuyo zinaleka kale pachifuwa chake. Pitani, wapaulendo, ndi kumutsanzira amene wakhala anamenyera ufulu. "

zilandiridwenso Swift

Dzhonatan Svift, amene ntchito zinalembedwa kumayambiriro kwa kusintha kwa kalembedwe, anali kumvetsetsa osati maganizo chosintha Ireland, komanso kusakhutira ndi anzawo nkhanza British ndale. Kale zophiphiritsa, koma stiffness ndi prilizannosti si otchuka. Ndi mu nyengo iyi ya chinenero satirical la wolemba, ukali wake wa makhalidwe oipa ndiponso kupusa m'dzina la ubwino ndi chilungamo, kulingalira kupezekanso m'mitima owerenga. Nthabwala ndi Zotengera - njira yayifupi bwino nthawi zonse.

Jonathan Swift maganizo afotokozedwa mu "Maulendo Gulliver wa", ndipo zogwirizana lero. infighting Political ndi intrigue kuyang'ana kupusa mu Lilliput, kumene anthu ting'onoting'ono nkhondo mphamvu. Kuchokera pamwamba pa kukula Gulliver amaona kusowetsa chekeni chilakolako ndi chikhumbo phindu. Mu Dziko la Zimphona, Komano, ulemerero, ndi ukulu wa dziko wake kuyang'ana kupusa. Pachilumba zouluka Laputa wapaulendo akumana ndi akatswiri a sayansi amene utakwaniritsa chosafa, rewriting mbiri ya dziko yense yekha. Dziko yatha pamene Gulliver wakumana ndi mtundu wa akavalo wanzeru ndi anthu Yehu atumiki. Fano woipa wa anthu ankhanza - ichi ndi chitsimikizo lingaliro la Swift, kuti zilakolako ndi makhalidwe Udzalamulira munthu wamphamvu kuposa chifukwa, izo zikhoza kutembenukira ku nyama.

moyo wa Jonathan Swift

Mu malo a woyang'anira wake Templa Dzhonatan anakumana ndi wokongola mtsikana Esther Johnson, yemwe pa nthawiyo anali ndi zaka 8. Mwana wa mdzakazi, iye analeredwa popanda bambo, ndi wolemba wamkulu amakhala bwenzi komanso mphunzitsi mwachindunji ndi mnzake. M'makalata ake amasonkhanitsa Stella ake. Esther Stella anakakhala pa ufulu ana ku munda pambuyo pa imfa ya Jonathan. Axamwali, m'nthawi ya wolemba ankati mobisa kukwatiwa, koma umboni mwachindunji izi ndipo sanathe kupeza zolembedwa.

Mu 1707 wakumana 19 wazaka Esther Vanhomrigh kuti m'makalata yaikulu adzaitana Vanessa. Nayenso wopitiriza chidwi ndi atate, ndi mwakhungu mu chikondi ndi wolemba kale unachitikira. Iwo analemba kuti wina imfa ya Esther Vanessa, iye anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Uthenga wa imfa yake kwambiri anagwedeza Jonathan.

ndale

Ireland, malo Dzhonatan Svift, anakhalabe kosatha chifukwa iye ndi malo ndi malo kulimbana chilungamo. Modzipereka kudandaula za m'dziko lake, akumenya nkhondo yapachiweniweni makhalidwe oipa, wolemba nkhani, kulalikidwa ndi lofalitsidwa timabuku. Iye kolimba kulimbikitsa chilungamo chikhalidwe, anadzudzula Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira kudzikuza ndi zotentheka chipembedzo kumenyana kupondereza Irish.

mbiri Dean Swift anali kwambiri moti mu kukumbukira kwa mnzake kuwerenga nkhani ya kadamsana. Kamodzi Khamu kunja tchalitchi aone kadamsana. Phokoso osagwira kuonelela kupewedwa Jonathan ntchito, iye anapita lalikulu ndipo analengeza kuti kadamsana sinyamukanso. Khamu anamvetsera mwaulemu ndi Dean anagulitsa.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Wambiri Jonathan Swift limasonyeza mfundo zingapo zokhudza moyo wake zomwe wolemba monga munthu ukulu mwaluso ndiponso molimba mtima.

• Analalikira kunyalanyaza manda a tchalitchi ake, Dean anatumiza uthenga kwa abale ndi chofunika kuti kusamalira pokumbukira makolo, kapena kutumiza ndalama kwa kasamalidwe manda. Mu nkhani ya bwino ndipo mphwayi akulonjeza kuti awonjezere zolemba za mawu wosayamika achibale. Umodzi wa mauthenga amenewa anapulumutsa George II panokha. Koma ngati kanthu pa gawo la mfumu satsata, mawu amene analembedwa pa kuumira mfumu pa mbaula kumeneko.
• kuyenda kwakung'ono Jonathan wokondedwa kusimba anecdote za alendo. Kweneko iye ali theka la kama, wachiwiri iye anali kuuza mlimi. Koma wolemba otchulidwa m'kupita ntchito wakupha, ndipo anagona yekha.
• Tsiku lina, kupita kokayenda, iye anafunsa mtumiki wake mphanga nsapato. Mnyamata, sangathe kuziyeretsa, anabweretsa Swift zauve nsapato ndi mawu akuti: "Inu mukadali chisokonezo awo." Jonathan analamula kuti chakudya cham'mawa, "aluso" osauka, chifukwa iye ndi njala.

Nzeru mawu

Zinali ayi opusa munthu Dzhonatan Svift. Quotes ndi mawu moyo wake anapulumuka:

• Mkwiyo - kubwezera yekha chifukwa cha wina.
• Madokotala abwino mu dziko - mtendere, zakudya, ndi wansangala.
• Mwano - nkhonya kwa anthu oyenera ngati mphutsi chikondi zipatso yekha wathanzi.
• Ngati inu kumuseka munthu, ndiye kukonzekera kubwezera sharpness ndi chipiriro.
• Mukhoza kudana mwini, koma kuwerenga buku lake ndi zosangalatsa.
• Pigskin golide chikwama osati soshesh.
• Tchire osachepera akuona kusungulumwa, kukhala chimodzi.
• Chimwemwe ukwati chifukwa chilichonse mumtima, koma kuzindikira Mau mkazi.

mawu Jonathan Swift pa chilungamo ndi ukapolo - lakuthwa satirical cha mfundo hairpin wa dziko lake ndi atsogoleri chiyipa;

• Ngati boma anaganiza kulamulira popanda chilolezo cha anthu, ndi dongosolo kapolo.
• Kumwamba palibe golide, choncho anam'tumiza sasonyeza anthu wamba lapansi.
• Chipembedzo - ndi matenda lowopsya la moyo wangwiro.

Anasiya Swift

Dzhonatan Svift ntchito kumanzere kuti ngakhale ndi kusintha zolimba Musataye maganizo awo satirical ndale ndi kupanda ungwiro. Tsopano ndi zotsatira za mlembi wamkulu. Kale pa moyo wake wake wotchuka "Gulliver" linasindikizidwa m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana. Yotengedwa mabuku ana ngati kukonzedwa ndi censors, kuti amakhala ngati nkhani zosangalatsa mu mtundu wanyimbo zongopeka. Koma ngakhale mu Baibulo ili adzafupikitsidwa m'buku lake amaphunzitsidwa kuti tonse ndife osiyana, koma anthu onse chomwecho.

Muno akunyadira ndalama ndi nzeru za Mlembi wamkulu. Dzhonatan Svift (dziko la kubadwa ndi zilandiridwenso - Ireland) pambuyo pa imfa yake, chikhulupiriro m'tsogolo ndi mosaponderezana.