Choncho, Russia - mbiri dziko mu nyimbo

mabuku Russian anazindikira mwa anthu padziko lonse monga mmodzi wa olemera. Peru Russian olemba a anthu enanso ambirimbiri katundu, ntchito owerenga amakonda m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, ntchito ya olemba anayikidwa pa siteji ndipo maziko a screenplays. Koma ndi ndakatulo si mophweka - kusonyeza makhalidwe a olemba mu chinenero china si kosavuta monga izo zikuwoneka pa koyamba. Koma ngakhale anasintha pafupifupi mwathunthu ndakatulo (ntchito yomasulira mawu nthawi ankasunga lingaliro lalikulu, ndi zina analenga kuchokera zikande) andakatulo Russian ndi anthu olemba bwino. ndi chifukwa chiyani?

panopa mmene anawasiyanitsira

Ambiri, bwino kudziwa nthawi iliyonse yomwe kovuta kwambiri chitukuko Russian ndakatulo. Pali Golden Age, pali siliva, ndiye pakubwera nthawi Soviet, koma si malire ngati okhwima. Russian ndakatulo ndi olemba ndakatulo lofalitsidwa pamaso mabuku anabwera Pushkin ndi Lermontov, ndi kugwa kwa USSR, mawu sikuti mwasiya kulemba. Koma vesili zambiri ankaona ngati mtundu wanyimbo wolekana m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi - mu nthawi ino wauka nyenyezi andakatulo Russian.

zaka golide

The Golden Age mwina pachimake cha ndakatulo Russian. Pushkin, Lermontov, Fet, Tiutchev - iwo onse ntchito za nthawi yomweyo.

andakatulo Russian ndi olemba woyamba kuyesa dzanja lawo pa mtundu wanyimbo wa classicism, zomwe m'malo kenako sentimentalism ndi romanticism. Ndi chifukwa osakaniza Mitundu awa anatuluka maganizo Bodza, ndi idealization wa Golden Age - olemba enzopangwa sugarcoat zenizeni. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma zinthu zasintha: anayamba kutuluka Kuzindikira osati anakana kuukonza wa akapolo anzawo akale, koma anasonyezanso onse makhalidwe anthu ndi dziko momuzungulira. Kenako anawonjezera Zotengera - kuseka kudzera m'misonzi pa zonse zikuchitika mu Russia kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma. zaka Silver

The kusintha kwa atumwi imodzi Kuzindikira wina pang'onopang'ono m'malo. Anayamba kuoneka mabuku aipa, wodzazidwa ndi nkhawa, mantha kusintha kubwera. Aggravation cha mikangano chikhalidwe, ulimi nascent sakanakhoza kulephera kwa kusangalatsa olemba ntchito zawo kuoneka zolemba loyamba zolinga kukonda dziko. andakatulo Russian kubwerera ku mbiri ya dziko lawo, kuyesera kuneneratu zochitika mtsogolo. Koma kuno aliyense anali kuchita mu njira zawo: chimodzi chatsalira ku Kuzindikira yovuta, akuyesera kuti mawu ake zomveka kwa anthu, pamene ena zibisika kumbuyo khoma la ophiphiritsa, kuwaika nthano ndi puns ngati kunena pakati pa mizere.

Ndi vuto la ophiphiritsa, amene ntchito andakatulo monga chipika, Soloviev, latsopano Mitundu Acmeism kupatsira chilichonse dziko (Akhmatova, Gumilev, Mandelstam), ndipo futurism kupandukira mfundo za anthu a (Mayakovsky, Khlebnikov). Silver Age mabuku Russian ndi yogwirizana kusintha pa anthu, kukana mwambo ndiponso zatsopano mtima mawu.

Nthawi Soviet

Ndicho chifukwa chake Russia sanayembekezere kuti Zasintha, chimene onse anali kudikira, ndi mavuto. Mkubwela kwa boma latsopanolo anayamba crackdown pa olemba a mbadwo wapitawo. Onse amene anakana kulemba choti chipani pansi kupondereza, nambala yaikulu olemba luso anakakamizika kupita ku ukapolo opanikizika kwa anthu. Cholinga chachikulu cha ndakatulo pambuyo chosintha amakhala pokweza Russia, ndi idealization a dziko latsopano, tikukonza, m'lingaliro loona mawu, pa mafupa a akale.

Latsopano zenizeni anakankhira Futurism ndi Acmeism, kwathunthu Pololera kuti Kuzindikira zokomera. Anaphwa mu mbiri yoipa chifukwa ndi choipitsitsa: iwo anali kuwaona gawo la osati olemba ndakatulo ndi mphatso, mabuku wakhala zenizeni kwambiri komanso mwachangu. Koma iye anapitirira chinthu opatsa chidwi kwa munthu monga munthu.

Mawu positi-nkhondo

The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo wamwalira pansi, anakhalabe kutulo m'chikumbumtima anthu. Ndipo alakatuli Russian mwachidwi anagwira pa mutu watsopano, ndi kuyala onse anapeza pa zaka za kukumana kwa maganizo ndi kumverera. Panali wosanjikiza lonse la olemba, ntchito mwapadera mu mtundu wanyimbo lankhondo la kulemekeza anthu, nthano frontline, kugawa amazikonda kwambiri. Koma pamodzi ndi iwo analemba, amene ndingowanyalanyaza anthu ku mantha a. Mu ndakatulo ya Futurism akadzabweranso kubwera zatsopano ndi mawonekedwe a ndakatulo, ndi kayendedwe ndi nyimbo. M'badwo wonse wa zaka zao za sikisite ntchito pa erasing kukumbukira nkhondo ya anthu ndipo m'malo maganizo ake kuwala. Nthawi imeneyi, ntchito Christmas, Voznesensky, Yevtushenko ndakatulo yomwe kwenikweni amasirira kuphweka awo ndi omasuka.

Today

andakatulo Modern Russia akupitiriza kugwira ntchito ya akapolo anzawo akale. Iwo kulemba za malo awo, ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa, adapotolokera kwa prosody Agiriki ndi kusewera ndi mawonekedwe a ndakatulo. Iwo zimagwirizizirana ndakatulo wake ndi sikugwirizana, amene amapereka chiyembekezo pofuna kukwaniritsa ndakatulo Russian.