Nkhondo ya Grunwald - Battle, variable njira ya mbiri

Nkhondo ya Grunwald. Nkhondo, amene mobwerezabwereza anafotokoza olemba mabuku, amene anabweretsa chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu ophedwa pa mbali zonse. Mu mbiri ya nkhondo umabwera ngati chimodzi mwa zinthu wofuna, wamagazi, kusintha kalekale.

Background ndipo pokonzekera nkhondo

Teutonic Knights XIV-oyambirira XV atumwi, makamaka kuchoka anawazunza limati oyandikana. More onse adagwa Poland ndi Duchy la Lithuania. Ubwino waukulu wa ku Germany anali kuposa yunifolomu bwino ndi zida. Ngakhale izi, Nkhondo ya Grunwald anasonyeza kuti chinthu zoopsa kusankha olondola njira ndi njira. M'nyengo yozizira ya zaka 1409-1410 nkhani pakati ogwirizana ndi: Poland ndi Duchy la Lithuania. dongosolo amanyansidwa anauzidwa kuti pakati pa dzinja, molamulidwa ndi Polish Mfumu Wladyslaw II Jagiello. Chakumapeto June, mfumu Polish analandira uthenga kuti Chilituyaniya ndi Russian asilikali alimbane pa magombe a mtsinje Narev kuyang'anira. Ambiri a iwo anali nkhondowo-wokonzeka Smolensk Regiment, amene anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu nkhondo yotchedwa "Nkhondo ya Grunwald". June 30 asilikali anasamukira ku ndawala, pa June 7 anali opangidwa ndi anayendera madera onse a nkhondowo brigade ndi 9 mphamvu anagwirizana anawoloka gawo kulamulidwa ndi Teutonic Order. Nkhondo Yaikulu ya Grunwald ndi akupitirizabe akuyandikira, pakali pano, pa July 13, asilikali anayang'ana mu Gilbenburg linga, zomwe yomweyo analandidwa.

July 15. nkhondo

Kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi gulu zikwi asilikali mdani Jagiello anavomera July 10, koma utsogoleri sapezeka, mmene kuwoloka mtsinje Drwęca chimene munali ndi dziko la Germany. Anaganiza kusuntha gwero Soldau. Pomaliza, pakati pa mizinda ya Grunwald ndi Tannenberg makamu ziwiri zakumana. Choncho anayamba Nkhondo ya Grunwald mu 1410. Pa July 15 pa 12:00 Jagiello asilikali analandira kwa otsutsa phukusi: awiri anawoloka malupanga. Anaona ngati chizindikiro cha amanyansidwa asilikali analamula kuti apite pa tingalimbanirane. Phula mtengo Km 11h9 ili 130,000th anagwirizana magulu amayi, Pole, Chilituyaniya, Russian, Chitata, Chiameniya Volohov ndi Czech, Chihangare ndi Morava monga mercenaries. Ankhondo a Teutonic Knights anali 85 chikwi. Asilikali amene anali 22 mitundu, ambiri mwa kulamulidwa ndi Germany. Ngakhale ubwino wa asilikali anagwirizana, kuchokera Teutons adali ndi zida bwino. nkhondo inayambika isanayambike asilikali Chilituyaniya, dziko la Germany anayankha maso zida zankhondo. Pamenepo asilikali Chilituyaniya anaponyedwa kumbuyo ndi Germany. Smolensk Regiment anakhalabe pa nkhondo ndi mwamakani kumenyana anasiya nkhondo, pamene Lithuanians anali kuthawa. Zitsulo pa nthawi ino anaukira mbendera ya Liechtenstein, ndiponso ufulu wa Smolensk awo yokutidwa regiments. Ndiyeno analiza kulira: ". Lithuania amagwanso" Ndithudi, Vytautas anasonkhana anathawa usilikali ndipo anabwerera ku munda. Mwakhama iwo anagunda Teutonic Knights, amene sanathe kulimbana nkhondo yomaliza. Gawo la asilikali anaphedwa, ena atengedwa ukaidi, wovulazidwa, adathawa, wa Teutonic Order pafupifupi kanthu katsalira Nkhondo ya Grunwald. Chaka 1410 sidzaiŵalika monga chaka cha mbali zonse za nkhondo yaikulu.

zotsatira

Nkhondo ya Grunwald kwambiri wofooka ndi Teutonic Order, umene unali pa pafupi kuti udzawonongedwa. Ndipo kwa anagwirizana kuopseza ku West mu mawonekedwe a Akhristu izo kunatha. Only mu 1422 yosainidwa pangano mtendere pakati pa ophunzira pa nkhondo, malinga ndi zimene Order anataya Uznemune, Samogitia, Neshavskie dziko ndi Pomerania.