Utsogoleri Nchiyani? Utsogoleri lingaliro lamakono ndi chikhalidwe

Masiku ano, aliyense akuyesa kukhala bwino ndi kulemekezedwa munthu. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera zina zofunika pa mbali ya ena. Kodi inu kutsindikiza anthu kukhazikitsa yolamula mumpingo? Lingaliro la utsogoleri uli yosiyanasiyana ndipo akuyenera kukambirana osiyana. Pa iwo ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Lingaliro la utsogoleri

Utsogoleri ndi luso amathandiza ena monga munthu aliyense payekha, ndi gulu osiyanasiyana a anthu, kuwatsogolera khama wamba anthu kukwaniritsa cholinga wamba. Pa umoyo maganizo amazionera, ndondomeko ndi chibadwa kwathunthu, zochokera kukopa anthu odalirika khalidwe la anthu ena a m'gululo. Ukutitsogolera nthawi yomweyo kuwamva monga zochita anthu kuti kusintha maganizo, mtima ndiponso zochita za munthu wina. Pali njira zambiri kuti agwire patsogolo. Lingaliro utsogoleri zikusonyeza kuti mmene angasonyeze mwa malingaliro, kukopa, lingaliro, wolembedwa ndi mawu olankhulidwa kukakamiza, ulamuliro munthu, kufalikira maganizo Chitsanzo ndi zina zotero.

Mtsogoleri ndi ndani

The kuli mbali ya gulu lina adzatenge utsogoleri wina. Lingaliro la utsogoleri zochokera zosiyanasiyana mfundo. ndi makhalidwe kofunika kuti munthu kutsogolera gulu chiyani? Mtsogoleri - mwamuna amene angathe kugwirizanitsa anthu ndi kuwatsogolera kukwaniritsa ena cholinga. Komanso, mfundo "mtsogoleri" ndi "cholinga" wogwirizana Chrixitu. Komabe, kukhala ntchito imene ndi mwadongosolo kugwiritsa yekha sizikutanthauza kukhala mtsogoleri. Yofunika khalidwe la mtsogoleri aliyense ali pamaso pa otsatira. Ntchito yaikulu ya mtsogoleri aliyense amatha kupeza anthu kupita pambuyo pawo, kukonza zofunika mogwirizana atumiki mu dongosolo lililonse limene ukanawonjezera yothetsera mavuto enieni mu chimango cha zolinga anakhazikitsa. M'mawu ena, mtsogoleri mchitidwe amene nthawi khalidwe la anthu ena. Mtsogoleri woona zitha kukhala munthu amene ali chotengera mbali alitcha ndi mwachidwi, mu gulu imeneyi. Choncho, "Thirani" mtsogoleri wa kuyanjana wina ndi mzake, komanso yoika pamwamba ake - kulandira zosayenera ndiponso operewera.

mitundu ya utsogoleri

Lingaliro utsogoleri amati anthu ena onse pamodzi zifukwa zitatu zikuluzikulu. Monga ulamuliro, iwo motsogozedwa ndi mtima wofuna kuthandizana maganizo, kuphunzira mfundo zofunika ndiponso kukhazikitsa bizinesi. Choncho, utsogoleri wa bungwe tichipeza zigawo zitatu: m'maganizo, pazankhani ndi malonda. Munthu amene angathe pa nthawi yoyenera kuitana anthu kuyitanitsa ndi kuwakumbutsa cholinga wamba - ndi "manja timu". Munthu wotere angatchedwe mtsogoleri bizinesi. Nazo ntchito kwambiri, iye amadziwa mmene bungwe malonda ndi kukhazikitsa ojambula zofunika ndi mabwenzi malonda. A munthu ndi zinthu zambiri ndipo anatha kupulumutsa mfundo yoyenera kwa wina - ndi "gulu ubongo". Iwo angatchedwe mtsogoleri zambiri. Munthu amene angathe kulankhula komveredwa chisoni "akudandaula kuti chovala cha" - ndi "mtima wa gululo." Munthu otere ndi mtsogoleri maganizo. Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba mitundu itatu zimachitika wachinayi ambiri ankakonda chimake. Izi - mtsogoleri wa konsekonse. Munthu wotere Chili zigawo zonse zitatu, koma mtundu uwu wa utsogoleri uli osowa kwambiri.

The zosiyanasiyana mfundo

Mu kuphunzira vuto la ulamuliro wa anthu pa zina zitatu zazikulu akhoza kuwasiyanitsa: chikhalidwe, situational ndi latsopano. Mbiri yakale, oyambirira ndi malingaliro chikhalidwe cha utsogoleli. Malinga iwo bungwe khamu zitha kukhala wosiyana munthu, kuvekedwa ndi makhalidwe. Lodziwika kumbali ya chiphunzitso chimenechi - Edwin Gizella, Warren Bennis ndi Valf Stogdill.

mfundo zikuluzikulu za utsogoleri mu dziko amakono potengera miyambo. Mmodzi wa iwo - chiphunzitso situational. Ake adafotokoza Frank Fiedler, amene ankakhulupirira kuti munthu angathe kupeza kuthekera kutsogolera kokha pamene zinthu zogwirizana. Common kwa situational ndi njira miyambo kuphunzira vuto chifukwa cha ntchito kasamalidwe mwa iwo zimadalira makhalidwe a anthu mtsogoleri.

Kenako, malingaliro atsopano utsogoleri zinalengedwa. Zikuphatikizapo chiphunzitso chakuti attributive (katswiri), ndi wachikoka ndi Wasintho (zisinthe) utsogoleri. Onsewo ali ochenjera kwambiri ndipo ali ndi ufulu kulibe, koma sizisonyeza chodabwitsa anaphunzira kwathunthu. Mfundo imeneyi ndi osathetsedwa lero. mfundo zikuluzikulu za utsogoleri chidzamasulidwa zotero pansipa.

Sitingawerenge za chikhalidwe

Monga tanena anali kungoona maonekedwe akunja komanso makhalidwe a atsogoleri, koma ankakanizidwa ndi nthawi. Nawa ena mwa iwo:

- Mfundo makhalidwe thupi wakhala anazindikira zinatha oyamba. Ndipotu, mtsogoleri si nthawi yodziwika ndi kukula mkulu, mkulu kulemera ndi indefatigable mphamvu. M'malo mwake, maonekedwe angakhale mediocre kwambiri.

- Mfundo nzeru zachokera makhalidwe wapakamwa ndi evaluative wa umunthu. Amaganiza kuti pamaso pa makhalidwe amenewa kupereka bwino bwana. Komabe, si onse zimaphunzitsa, aulemu ndi zothandiza munthu usogolere mbumba.

njira behaviorist

Lingaliro chikhalidwe cha utsogoleli si awiri ziphunzitso tatchulawa. Lingaliro la makhalidwe utsogoleri imakhudzanso iwo. Bukuli lili ndi mfundo yakuti mtsogoleri aliyense uyenera kukhala akonzedwa zina za makhalidwe maganizo. Iye kale azidzidalira, kusinthasintha ndi malingaliro lakuthwa, mozama, wokhoza, luso lake lolinganiza, chidziwitso cha umunthu. American Katswiri E. Bogadusom kutchulidwa makhalidwe amene mtsogoleri kale: mphamvu, nzeru, mtsogoleri, luso kuoneratu, nthabwala, mwanzeru khalidwe amphamvu. Mu "Handbook a Utsogoleri" American R. Stogdill ananena kuti kapangidwe ka makhalidwe, wakuti gulu ayenera chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi zochita, zolinga ndi maonekedwe a atumiki ake. Komabe, kuphunzira magulu weniweni asonyeza kuti kungachititse munthu amene alibe makhalidwe amenewa. Munthu theoretically angathe utsogoleri nthawi zina ali malo wodzichepetsa mu bungwe.

njira situational

Lingaliro la utsogoleri situational anatuluka pa maziko a njira ya makolo kuphunzira vuto. Iwo amati kutsogolera gulu likhoza kukhala munthu amene angathe kutsogolera anthu chikalata zenizeni za vutoli. Iye ayenera kukhala yoyenera luso, makhalidwe, makhalidwe, akudziwa. Pofuna kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana mungafunike umunthu osiyana, kotero utsogoleri m'dera akhoza kusuntha kwa munthu wina ndi mzake. mtsogoleri Business akhoza kusintha mfundo ndiponso maganizo - za bizinesi ndi zina zotero. E. Hartley kunavumbula regularities khalidwe la utsogoleri situational:

1. Ngati munthu anatsogolera gulu zinthu zofanana, izo basi kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala mtsogoleri wina.
2. Ngati munthu wasonyeza wake makhalidwe utsogoleri ndi kupeza yonena otsala, ndiye mwina patapita kukhala mtsogoleri ndi kulimbitsa udindo wake kutsogolera.
3. Amaonera magulu zochokera olakwika. Ngati munthu wakhala mtsogoleri zinthu limodzi, ndiye iye mudzazindikira kuti monga mwa wina.
4. Kukhala atsongoleri, muyenera kukhala chilakolako chimenechi mumtima.

malinga ndi ndale

M'kupita kwa nthawi, pali onse ziphunzitso zatsopano za utsogoleri. Mmodzi wa iwo anakankhira anayambitsa Marxism. Iwo adafotokoza kuti zodabwitsazi akhoza kufotokoza za nkhondo kalasi. Mu kumvetsa mtsogoleri wandale - ndi waluso, mogwirizana ndi ozindikira amalimbikitsa wa zofuna za gulu makamaka amene amasewera poyerekezera ndi gulu m'njira ya utumiki, wothandiza udindo. theorists Marxist kuti kumufotokozera mbiri opangidwa ndi anthu, koma zolinga zawo n'zochokera pa chigawo chuma cha moyo wa anthu. Choncho, mfundo atsogoleri andale ankagwira ntchito yaikulu ya munthu mogwirizana kwambiri ndi zochita za magulu chikhalidwe. Panyengo zosiyanasiyana m'mbiri mtsogoleri akhoza kukhala zofunika osiyana.

chiphunzitso Freud ndi

Zikhulupiriro yamakono ya utsogoleri ndi pansi ndi osiyana, nthawi zina zovuta chifukwa maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, Sigmund Freud akufuna chiphunzitso wapadera "makhalidwe ndi maganizo." Katswiri The limanena kuti anthu ena atakhala utsogoleri chifukwa iwo akuyesera azilipira akuwuka mu unyamata kapena ubwana kumadziona kuti ndine wolephera. Choncho mosavuta udindo pa munthu wina ngati angasonyeze njira kuba zimene zili zotsatira za neuroses ndi wosangalala monyanyira lodana ndi zolakwika zina maganizo.

wachikoka chachinsinsi

Chimodzi mwa ziphunzitso chidwi kwambiri ndi mfundo utsogoleri wachikoka. Bukuli lili ndi mfundo yakuti anthu ena anapatsidwa kuposa talente kulamulira anthu ena. Mawu achigiriki akuti "wachikoka" likumasuliridwa kuti chisomo, mphatso ya Mulungu. Motero, khalidwe yapaderayi pamaso kuchokera pamwamba, luso kugonjetsa anthu basi kumukweza munthu wokonda kwambiri kuposa matchalitchi ena onse. Lingaliro la utsogoleri wachikoka akusonyeza kuti mtsogoleri wa gulu ndi chimake momveka wa dera la makhalidwe Chilombocho pamwamba zofuna zawo. Kugwirizana ndi mutu zochokera mkwatulo wopandamalire ndi yonena ake. gulu limeneli, pamodzi mtsogoleri wamphamvu, mwachindunji amadalira umunthu wa mtsogoleri. Popanda gulu limakhala pafupifupi osokonekera.

utsogoleri attributive

Mfundo imeneyi amachokera chakuti mtsogoleri ayenera kudziwa makhalidwe a atumiki ndi kulosera kulabadira kwawo nkhani ina. Mu njira yachibadwa ya mtsogoleri ntchito nthawi zonse poyang'ana yankho ku funso za zifukwa khalidwe la antchito. Pofufuza ake, akuchokera zigawo zitatu:

1. Umunthu.
2. The ntchito kwambiri ntchito.
3. Zifukwa chilengedwe gulu.

Choncho, mtsogoleri akufuna kudziwa zimene zimayambitsa ntchito osauka antchito ndi ufulu woyankha vutolo. Mu chitsanzo iyi, utsogoleri ndi anzake yosatha pakati pa akulu ndi antchito wamba. Mphamvu ya miyeso zothandiza kuwongolera mtsogoleri ntchito, anatsimikiza mtima anachita nawo wamng'ono.

njira Wasintho

Mtsogoleri wa zisinthe akufuna utakasa otsatira mwa kuukitsa kuzindikira. Bwino maphunziro antchito, amalenga chikhalidwe cha kukhulupirira timu, amathandiza anthu kudziwa mmene kuphatikiza zofuna ndi anthu. chitsanzo ichi adzatenge utsogoleri wa atumiki nawo gulu kasamalidwe. Iwo sakudziwa mwachimbulimbuli kumvera bwana, ndi kufunafuna mokwanira kuwunika khalidwe lake. Lingaliro la utsogoleri Wasintho zachokera njira kulenga: mtsogoleri zonse kulandira ulemu ndi kukhulupirira pa otsatira otsala woyamba mwa wao sunganyemeke.

Asayansi ndi mayankho ku funso zimene utsogoleri. Lingaliro utsogoleri awulule zodabwitsazi mfundo zosiyanasiyana view. Pendani mumaganiza zazikulu pankhani imeneyi zidzakhala zosangalatsa ndi zothandiza aliyense.