Mitundu yabwino ya nkhaka ya wowonjezera kutentha yopangidwa ndi polycarbonate

Nkhaka - ndiwo zamasamba, m'midzi ndi otchuka, ngakhale kuti kulima kwawo ndi bizinesi yovuta komanso yovuta. Makamaka pankhani pankhani ya wowonjezera kutentha. Kuti mupeze mbeu yabwino pamtambo, muyenera kuganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana - nthawi yobzala, nthawi yambiri ya kuthirira ndi feteleza, njira zopangira tchire, mafupipafupi a mpweya wabwino, ndi zina zotero. Ndipo, ndithudi, mukufunikira kusankha koyambirira. Kupanda kutero, kuyesa konse kungangowonongeka. Za mtundu wa nkhaka za wowonjezera kutentha kwa polycarbonate ndizo zoyenera kwambiri, ndipo tidzakambirana m'nkhani ino.

Malamulo oyamba osankhidwa

Nthaŵi zambiri, masiku ano zinyama zimakula mwamsanga. Dacha "mitundu" iwo amatchedwa kokha mwa chizoloŵezi. Sitidzakhalanso osiyana ndi miyambo. Komabe, wowerenga ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti ngati pali kalata ya Chingelezi F ndi nambala 1 mu "zosiyanasiyana", ndiye kuti ndi wosakanizidwa wa m'badwo woyamba. Ndipo mbewu zapamwamba kuchokera kwa izo sizidzapezeka. Chaka chotsatira chomwe chodzala chiyenera kugulitsidwa mwatsopano.

Kotero ndi masamba ati abwino a nkhaka za greenhouses kumeneko? Kuti musayesedwe ndi kusankha kwa mbeu za nthaka yotsekedwa, pamene mukugula, muyenera kumvetsera zinthu monga:

• Zisonyezero za zosiyanasiyana;
• Mtundu wa nthambi;
• Mitundu yosiyana siyana (yofala, yokhala ndi mungu);
• Kusankhidwa kwa zipatso;
• Mitengo ya kulekerera mthunzi wa zomera;
• Maganizo a kucha kwa zipatso.

Chifukwa cha zizindikiro zonsezi, mungasankhe zabwino makamaka pakakhala mitundu ya nkhaka. Kwa wowonjezera kutentha wopangidwa ndi polycarbonate, mitundu yambiri ya chikhalidwe ndi yabwino. Koma musaiwale chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa kusankha - zosiyanasiyana zimayenera kuti zitha, kutanthauza kuti zimachokera pamalo omwe malowa ali.

Nyengo

Zonse zamoyo zosiyanasiyana za nkhaka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo obiriwira, zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu akulu:

• Zima-masika;
• Spring-chilimwe;
• Chilimwe-autumn.

Mitundu yoyamba ikudziwika ndi kusokoneza kwambiri kuwala ndi kukolola kwabwino. Komabe, nthawi ya fructification ya nkhaka zotere sizitali kwambiri. Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi siilimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, yomwe imafala nyengo yotentha, sichivomerezeka kubzala kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu kapena chilimwe. Pankhaniyi, simungathe kukolola bwino.

Makombero a chilimwe-chilimwe amadziwika ndi kudzichepetsa kwawo komanso zipatso zabwino. Mitengo yotereyi imakhala yotsutsana ndi matenda ndi kutentha. Ngakhale zogulitsidwa ndipo pali mitundu yomwe imakhala yosasuntha, magulu ambiri a nkhaka za gulu lachilimwe-lachilimwe sagwirizana ndi dera lapamwamba kwambiri la mthunzi.

Waukulu mwayi yophukira mitundu ndi yaitali fruiting. Nkhaka za gululi ndizothandiza komanso zodzichepetsa ponena za kuunikira.

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya gulu la m'nyengo yachisanu

Kubzala mbewu mu kutentha kwakukulu pakati pa mwezi wa February, pa mwezi wa Meyi, mutha kale kupeza masamba okhwima. Pankhaniyi, monga momwe mwadziwira kale, muyenera kusankha "nkhaka" nkhaka za wowonjezera kutentha. Zosiyanasiyana (ndemanga zokhudzana ndi zambiri za izo ndi zabwino kwambiri kwa anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe) gulu ili silidzakhala lovuta kupeza. Gulani, mwachitsanzo, mumapezeka pafupifupi nkhaka iliyonse yamasitolo:

• Blagovest 1. Izi zowonjezereka (zopanda malire za zimayambira) zosakanizidwa zimagonjetsedwa ndi makompyuta ndi powdery mildew. Zipatso zake zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndipo zimaphimbidwa ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe ma tubercles. Mulu wobiriwira umodzi ukhoza kufika 80-85. Blagovest 1 amatanthauza mitundu ya parthenocarpic (self-pollinating). Zipatso za nkhaka izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa saladi ndi kumalongeza.
• Moscow wowonjezera kutentha F1. Chotsitsa cha parthenocarpic wosakanikirana ndi yaitali (mpaka 40 cm) glands zoboola pakati.
• Mpikisano wothamanga wa F1 ndi wokwera kwambiri wololera, wosakanizidwa ndi tizilombo. Amakula nthawi yamasika (ndi maonekedwe a tizilombo panthawi yotsegula). Zophimbidwa ndi zikuluzikulu, zoperewera zoperewera, zipatso za feteleza 1 zimatha kulemera kwa 140-200 g. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira saladi. Koma kusamba kumaloledwa.
• Buku F1. Komanso wosakanizidwa ndi njuchi, yomwe cholinga chake chimakula m'chaka. Kuyenera kutero chifukwa chotsutsana ndi cucumber mosaic. Kumayambiriro kodzala kungakhudzidwe ndi necrosis. Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa saladi.

Gulu la summer-summer

Kenaka, tiyeni tiwone kuti nkhaka zotani zowonjezera zowonjezera zimapindula kwambiri mutakula mu nyengo yofunda. Kwa zotere n'zotheka kunyamula:

• Zozulyu F1. Mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mtundu wamadzi wa maluwa, wodziwika ndi mgwirizano wa fruiting. Zelenians a sing'anga yaitali akhoza kufika misa 150-200 magalamu.
• April F1. Zipatso za hybrid iyi ili ndi makhalidwe abwino ndipo imatha kulemera kwa 160-300 g.

Mitundu yonse iwiriyi imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndipo imakhala ndi zokolola zabwino.

Nyama yam'nyengo yozizira

Anthu amene akufuna kukula nkhaka m'munda mwa July - November, ndibwino kuganizira za kupeza mitundu monga:

• Maryina Grove F1. Wosakanizidwa pachigawo choyambirira, osakondweretsa kuti zinthu zikule bwino. Zizindikiro ndi mapopu akulu ndi abwino kwa pickling.
• Anyuta F1. Komanso mtundu wosakanizidwa wochokera ku mtundu wa chimanga. Zimasiyanitsa kusalimba ndi nthambi yabwino. Zipatso zamakono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.

Awa ndiwo odzichepetsa komanso ololera mitundu ya nkhaka. Kwa wowonjezera kutentha, mungasankhe zinyama zina za "autumn": Kulimbika F1, Cartoon F1, F1 Mpikisano, ndi zina zotero.

Mtundu wa mtundu wa nthambi

Pali nkhaka zomwe zimakonzedwa kuti zikule kumtunda, kuphatikizapo digiri ya nthambi. Posankha mbewu, izi ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa. Mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka ya wowonjezera kutentha yopangidwa ndi polycarbonate nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ndi anthu okhala pakati pa Russia. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimabereka zipatso zabwino kwambiri. Kulima ku Siberia pansi pa nyengo yochepa yachilimwe komanso kawirikawiri kasupe-yophukira chisanu, nkhaka zomwe zimakhala ndi zilonda zamtundu uliwonse popanda mphukira zili zoyenera.

Kuchokera ku nthambi zamtundu kwa malo otsekedwa m'pofunikira kusankha:

• Buyan F1. Zosakaniza zokha msanga zosakanizidwa, zosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda. Mavitchi ochepa angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa salting, komanso saladi.
• Nyanja yoyera F1. Wosakanizidwa wambiri, wosakanizidwa ndi mthunzi, ndi zipatso zokoma. Maluwa ndiwo tuberculate ndipo amasungidwa bwino kwambiri.

Mitengoyi imakhala ndi nkhaka zambiri zokhudzana ndi greenhouses, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri wamaluwa m'madera apakati a Russia. Mwa zina, iwo sali opanda pake kwambiri.

Mwa mitundu yosaoneka bwino, n'zotheka kusiyanitsa kwambiri pakati pa anthu a ku chilimwe ku Siberia:

• Amur F1 , yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha ndi matenda. Mbewu za zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhala ndi khungu lochepa kwambiri ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri ku saladi.
• Nyerere F1. Parthenocarpic mitundu yoyambirira yakucha ya mtundu wa cornichon. Zipatso zimayamba kale mwezi ndi theka mutabzala. Zealots yaitali masentimita 10 ndizopangira pickling.

Mtundu wa pollination

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka mungu wochokera ndi tizilombo timabzalidwa makamaka mwa akatswiri obiriwira omwe ali ndi zitsulo zokwera pansi. Pofuna kutsegula masewera olimbitsa thupi ndiye kuti ndi kofunikira kusankha zosankha za guluhenocarp.

Mitengo yabwino yodzichepetsera mitundu ya nkhaka za wowonjezera kutentha ndi:

• Zozulya F1.
• Mphamvu Zopambana F1.
• Kulimba F1.
• Masewera F1.
• Sultan F1.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya parthenocarpy. Pafupifupi zonse zomwe zimabzalidwa zimagulitsidwa lero m'masitolo apadera, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunthaka, ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ku gulu lino. Izi ndizo mitundu yabwino ya nkhaka za greenhouses. Zelentsy imakula pa iwo popanda kusowa kuchita chinthu china choonjezera cha mwini munda. Palinso mitundu ina ya parthenocarpic. Kulima kwawo kuli ndi zosavuta zina.

Mitengo yodzichepetsera yokhala ndi mapukidwe a wowonjezera kutentha, motero, ndi yabwino kwambiri. Koma nthawi zina nyengo za chilimwe zimasankhira nthaka yomwe ili mkati ndi miyambo ya chikhalidwe ichi. Musatayike mitundu yawo yodzikongoletsera njuchi makamaka chifukwa chakuti wamaluwa ambiri amaona kuti zipatso zawo zimakhala zokoma. Kukula nkhaka zotere mu wowonjezera kutentha ndizovuta kwambiri, koma sizingatheke. Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, pakadali pano, minda yamaluwa adzayenera kukopa tizilombo. Kuti izi zitheke, alimi odziwa bwino amalangiza kukhazikitsa chidebe ndi dandelions kapena mitundu ina iliyonse pakhomo lotseguka ndi mawindo a wowonjezera kutentha. Kuti akhale okhulupilika, akhoza kutsukidwa ndi madzi okoma. Tulukani pa zidutswa zowonjezera kutentha za shuga, kuika kupanikizana, ndi zina zotero sizili zoyenera. Apo ayi, tizilombo tithawira kuzinthu zokometsetsa izi, ndipo timataya chidwi ndi maluwa a nkhaka.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya njuchi yomwe imayenera kukhala ndi malo obiriwira a polycarbonate ndi awa :

• Spring F1. Kusiyanitsa kwapakati ndi mitundu yosalala, yobiriwira, yamakina.
• Libel F1. Wosakanikirana-wosakanikirana wosakanizidwa ndi zipatso za sing'anga kutalika.

Chisankho chosiyana malinga ndi cholinga

Mukamagula mbeu, muyeneranso kuganizira zomwe mukukonzekera kukonza nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha. Mitundu ya chikhalidwe ichi imagawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu: saladi ndi cholinga chokweza. Zipatso za mitundu yoyamba nthawi zambiri zimasiyanitsidwa ndi khungu lofewa bwino, thupi lokoma kwambiri komanso lochepa, zosawerengeka. Kuwonjezera apo, nkhaka za saladi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi misa kapena kutalika kokwanira.

Zipatso za mitundu ndi hybrids zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalongeza zimakhala zogwirizana ndi zophimba. Mnofu ndi wandiweyani, wowopsya.

Kuyambira saladi nkhaka yotchuka kwambiri ndi:

• Zozulya F1. Parthenocarpic wosakanizidwa, wokonda kwambiri feteleza mchere. Maluwa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndipo amadziwika ndi kukamba.
• Tamerlane F1. Miyezi yeniyeni yosakanizidwa, yokhala ndi mungu wofiira, ndi zipatso zobiriwira zakuda.

Pakuti kumalongeza ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa mitundu monga:

• Ng'ombe F1. Zosakaniza zokhala ndi mungu wozuka mofulumira ndi zipatso za oval-cylindrical.
• Maluwa a F1. Parthenocarpic yakucha kucha. Zelenians ali ndi kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita ndipo amadzazidwa ndi ma tubercles apamwamba.

Mitundu yopanda mthunzi

Pakakhala kuti palibe kuwala kwa wowonjezera kutentha, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito sukulu yapadera. Mbewu za nkhaka za wowonjezera kutentha kwa gulu losagwedezeka pamsika zogulitsa ndizinso zambiri. Kutchuka kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, ndi mitundu:

• Marfinsky . Njuchi zoipitsidwa ndi njuchi zosiyanasiyana zokolola. Mavitunda aatali amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira.
• Regatta F1. Saladi wosakanizidwa ndi cylindrical zeltsians mpaka 20 masentimita yaitali.
• Dean 30-CH. Mitundu ya China yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu (mpaka 500 g), yoyenera saladi ndi kumalongeza.

Nkhaka za Dutch

Zokolola zabwino zimasiyana mosiyana ndi mitundu yoweta. Mbeu zogulitsidwa m'dziko lathu zimatchuka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya nkhaka ya Dutch ndi yotchuka kwambiri ndi anthu okhala m'chilimwe. Kwa malo obiriwira, iwo amatha bwino. Ubwino waukulu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuphana ndi matenda komanso kusakhala kwathunthu kwachisoni. Pa zokolola, nkhaka za Dutch sizinali zocheperapo ndi zoweta zamkonde. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yomwe inalengedwa m'dziko lino ndi iyi:

• Cupid F1. Mitundu yosavuta, yosalala ndi maluwa obiriwira. Zipatso ndizofunikira saladi komanso kumalongeza.
• Hector F1. Wosakanizidwa wakale ndi zipatso zazing'ono ndi zokoma kwambiri.

Oyambirira mitundu ya nkhaka kwa greenhouses

Anthu ambiri m'nyengo ya chilimwe amasankha zokolola za nthaka yotsekedwa, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kusasitsa zipatso. Mitundu imeneyo, yomwe mungapezeko kukolola koyambirira, ndi yotchuka kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazosiyana ndikuteteza kutentha. Mitundu yotereyi, imachokera makamaka ku greenhouses, palinso zambiri. Ambiri a chilimwe akukula:

• Nkhaka Zojambula. Mtundu wosakanizidwa wokwera kwambiri ndi wabwino koyamba mu chipatso chake chosakanikirana sichimakhala chowawa.
• Matrix . Saladi wosakanizidwa, wodzipiritsa mungu, wotsutsana ndi matenda, ndi zipatso za mawonekedwe a cylindrical mawonekedwe.

Inde, pali zina zoyambirira za nkhaka. Kwa zomera zobiriwira, zomera za gulu ili ndizo zangwiro. Anthu ambiri m'nyengo ya chilimwe amatha kulandira zokolola ziwiri za nyengo pa nyengo ngakhale nthawi yosatsekedwa.

Makasikidwe otchuka kwambiri kwa wamaluwa

Mitundu yonse yomwe tatchulidwa pamwambayi imakhala nawo pakati pa nyengo ya chilimwe ndipo imakula m'mabotchi nthawi zambiri. Iwo amakhala odzichepetsa ndipo amapereka zabwino zokolola. Komabe, mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka ya wowonjezera kutentha yopangidwa ndi polycarbonate ndi yabwino kwambiri, choncho imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wamaluwa ambiri monga otchuka kwambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Nyerere . Kusakanikirana koyambirira kusamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono ndi tating'ono tating'ono ta cilia.
• Bidretta F1. Wodzichepetsa, wololera wokhazikika, njuchi-fumbi, gherkin.

Malangizo othandiza

Mu wowonjezera kutentha, kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiwoneke. Ndipo kulima ngakhale mitundu yabwino kwambiri kungapangitse kulephera kwathunthu chifukwa chakuti eni ake sanatengere njira zoyenera kuteteza matenda a zomera.

Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti nkhaka izikhala zathanzi nthawi yonse yokula, nkofunika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisanabzalidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chlorini kapena mkuwa wa sulfate nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pachiyambi choyamba, ufawu umangowambala pansi pamtunda wa 150 g / m ² ndi kusindikizidwa ndi rakes. Mkuwa wa sulfate amadzipiritsika m'madzi pa chiwerengero cha supuni khumi pa ndowa ya madzi ndikutsuka nthaka ndi zotsatira zake (1.5-2 m ² ).

Kutenga mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya wowonjezera kutentha, mukhoza kupeza zokolola zabwino za nkhaka. Pali magulu ambiri ndi mitundu ya chikhalidwe ichi. Ndipo onse ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri: zokolola zambiri, chipiriro, kudzichepetsa. Komabe, m'pofunika kukumbukira zochitika zapamwamba zowonjezera kutentha ndi kukula pamene mukugula mbewu.