Medicine Ancient Indian m'mbiri, makamaka

Choyamba chokumbukira boma, inali m'chigwa cha chonde wa Indus Mtsinje, za 3 Zakachikwi BC. e. mtsinje zopatulika anapereka dzina lake ku dziko lalikulu la India, amene si otsika kufunika chikhalidwe cholowa chawo ngati malo a chitukuko monga Egypt ndi Mesopotamia State.

Mu Indus Valley zinamangidwa kunyumba ndi dongosolo bwino anakamba. Malo ambiri analakalaka anakumba zitsime kuti obkladyvayut yopsereza njerwa. Njerwa ntchito pomanga makoma a nyumbazo. Dongosolo zimbudzi a mzindawo anatuluka m'ngalande. Paliponse Zinthu chitukuko wakale salinso amadziwika okonzeka ndi dongosolo zinchito ngalande.

Koma kwambiri maofesi ukhondo sizionekaoneka nthawi wotsatira wa India wakale, ndiye yekha kuchepetsa zikuchitika mapulani anati. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti izi zidzatheka anthu'wo akadzamvera masoka: chilala ndi madzi osefukira, komanso zikutha m'mayiko chuma zoweta.

Koma si za mapangidwe India monga fuko, ndi pa chitukuko cha mankhwala m'dzikoli. Kodi yabwino anayamba mankhwala ndi mankhwala a wakale dziko? India ndi China - iwo ali pano kuti gwero oyambirira kudziwa za mankhwala. Ena mwa iwo woyamikiridwa Masiku ano. Ambiri akugwirabe ntchito mpaka pano.

Yotsatira, tidzakambirana kufotokoza zimene anali mankhwala Ancient India, mwachidule. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri za izi mu ndemanga yathu.

Mapangidwe akale Indian kudziwa nthanthi

Mu zikwi ziwiri. BC. e. anapanga koyamba wakale Indian mfundo aumunthu. Mpaka lero anabwera mu mawonekedwe a ntchito zolembalemba, zomwe zimatchedwa lotchedwa "otchedwa Vedas". Nawa anasonkhana nyimbo ya, amalonda, mfiti ndi zinthu. Otchedwa Vedas - woyamba kuyesa anthu kuti philosophically kumasulira chilengedwe. Ngakhale mungapeze theka-nthano ndi malodza kutanthauzira kwa chilengedwe anthu, koma ntchito iyi woyamba chisanadze nzeru gwero.

Mu nzeru wakale Indian wa zosiyanasiyana wosanganiza maganizo, amene ankaona n'zosatheka ndi chuma zizolowezi. Kwenikweni lili ndi lingaliro zoyambirira za dziko moyo umene uli njira ya chitukuko cha kudzikonda. Ndi dziko moyo kumabweretsa chilengedwe primordial wa dziko chuma, kuphatikizapo umunthu. Philosophy ndi mankhwala a India wakale chimasonyeza. Iye akhapidziwa kuti thupi chipolopolo akunja a moyo wosafa, chomwe ndi mbali ya mzimu dziko. The sangathe wa zauzimu ndi zapadera ubwenzi dziko chuma, kotero chikhalidwe cha munthu sichili changwiro. Mu ichi ndi chifukwa chake mavuto lake.

mankhwala Chinese zimakhalanso nzeru

Zipambano za mankhwala Indian mukopedwe mankhwala Chinese. Pakuti wakale Chinese nzeru achilendo njira ya chitukuko cha kulambira zinthu zachilengedwe kuti kamangidwe ka chipembedzo ndi nzeru zaumunthu nyumba - Chikomfyushani Chitao, komanso nzeru achilengedwe. Lingaliro la chitukuko dziko nzeru ena Chinese maziko a mankhwala ndi mfundo zimene zimayambitsa matenda. Kuyambira kale kwambiri anayamba kupanga malingaliro za mmene thupi. Koma mu 2 m'ma BC. e. Chikomfyushani ndi mawu, kotero kung'ambika mitembo anagwa pansi chiletso. Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro za Confucius, thupi la munthu ayenera sizisintha ndi adzabwezeredwa kwa makolo awo bwinobwino. Choncho chidziwitso cha thunthu la thupi kumbuyo akale mfundo Chinese wa Ahindu wakale.

Ziphunzitso za matenda ndi thanzi mu China wakale zochokera mfundo miyambo ya nzeru. Traditional Chinese mankhwala chimamanga matupi aumunthu ndi zoyamba za yin ndi yang. Yin anali ndi udindo olamulira thanzi la Zang - mtima, chiwindi, m'mapapo, ndulu ndi impso. Yan anapatsidwa ziwalo asanu Fu: m'mimba, kapamba ndi chikhodzodzo, m'matumbo intestine ang'ono ndi atatu muzitentha. Heaters otchedwa dongosolo kuthandiza kutentha mkati, malingana ndi m'mimba, kupuma ndi mkodzo. Mu thupi yin ndi yang ziyenera kugwirizana ndi mgwirizano anadabwa ku matenda.

Chiyambi cha machiritso m'nyengo Vedic

Features of Ancient mankhwala Indian m'nyengo Vedic odziwika bwino. Pali deta ochepa "nsanja Veda" mwa matenda zitatu: mowa, khate ndipo magazi. Zigawo munthu "Rigveda" akulongosola mipingu matsenga machiritso. Pakuti Vedic nthawi achilendo intertwining a zamankhwala ndi miyambo zamatsenga ndiponso zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo.

otchulidwa m'nthano mu chipembedzo Vedic kugwirizana ndi mfundo za umoyo, matenda ndi machiritso. Onse maganizo a Hindu wakale amafotokozedwa "Atharva Veda". Apa anasonkhanitsa lonse national zambiri kuchiritsa zitsamba, koma kuchiza matenda kupemphera, ukaponye mfiti ndi kubweretsa nsembe. Bhishadsh, kapena "ziwanda" - ndi umboni woyambirira wa mchiritsi Indian. Pang'onopang'ono, caster wakhala mchiritsi, koma dzina wofanana. komanso atasinthiratu mfundo zimene zimayambitsa matenda.

chidziwitso Ayurvedic

Development wa mankhwala mu India wakale idayamba chiyambi cha nthawi yathu ino. Ndiyeno panali dongosolo machiritso a Ayurveda kapena "nzeru za moyo wautali". Kagulu ka anthu - Weiden - limagaŵidwa ndi zatsopano choyamba mu machiritso ndi machiritso. Iwo anali ana a chilengedwe, tinkakhala mapiri ndi nkhalango. Wajda chimakhudzana ndi chilengedwe anthu, kuti iye monga tinthu mphamvu dziko, malingana ndi iwo, munthu timapezamo mfundo zisanu, komanso wamphamvu kwambiri ndi nyengo. Iwo anaona kudalira anthu pa m'zinthu mwezi, komanso maganizo amene chiwalo chilichonse m'thupi la munthu pali lapadera pakati pa zinyama ndi zomera.

Ayurveda walandira kuzindikira lonse kenako kufalikira ku dera la East. chidziwitso Ayurvedic ndi anasintha pang'onopang'ono, koma pali ponse. Nthawi zina amatchedwa mankhwala monga Chinese, koma zimenezi si zoona. Indian nzeru zapamwamba m'buku lake amapereka malangizo othandiza komanso anafotokozapo kutema mphini, kapena kutema mphini. A nthawi yaitali kwambiri, ngakhale pa Dhanvantari, zochizira matenda ndi ntchito njira ya kutema mphini hirudotherapy, ndiyo ntchito misundu, monga kuchita opaleshoni pulasitiki ndi kuziika ziwalo ankachiritsa. Pakuti njira Ayurvedic chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a Mipikisano azitsamba. Mbewu iliyonse ali ndi kagawo kakang'ono yeniyeni ndi ntchito kukwaniritsa chimene mukufuna.

Lingaliro loyamba la moyo wa chamoyo

Mankhwala a India wakale mu nyengo yakale ya mbiri ya dziko kusintha maganizo za chiyambi cha matenda. Izo zikubwera chida chatsopano mu chitukuko cha mankhwala - anakanidwa mu zimayambitsa zapitazi zauzimu za matenda zimene zinkachitika mu nthawi Vedic. Kuyambira munthu amaonedwa monga particles ozungulira a sing'anga. Tsopano, malingana Ahindu zakale, inkakhala miyambo ya moto, lapansi, madzi, mpweya ndi efa. Kugwira ntchito kwa chamoyo kugwirizana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa moto, mpweya ndi madzi kunditumiza ku madzi atatu: ya ndulu, phlegm, ndipo mphepo (ya ndulu - pakati Mchombo ndi mtima, mphepo - pansipa Mchombo wa, ntchofu - pamwamba mtima). Atatu madzi ndi zinthu zisanu pamodzi kupanga 6 organic mankhwala a thupi: minofu, magazi, mafupa, ubongo, mafuta thupi ndi mbewu wamwamuna.

Mphepo kumabweretsa ozizira ndi watsopano, phokoso ndi otaya mpweya. Iye anali mu thupi udindo kusankha, chimbudzi, magazi ndipo thupi. Ngati mphepo kubweza pansi, kenako kufalitsa timadziti ndi zinthu zizikhala ndi zina ndi kugwira ntchito wabwinobwino wa chamoyo.

Mankhwala a India wakale pa kudziŵa zotsatirazi:

• Phlegm mwa munthu ndipo thambo ndi chuma yofewa ankachita monga ❖ kuyanika pa zonse pamalo m'goli ndi zamwano, anachititsa kayendedwe ndi mogwirizana.
• Ya ndulu - chinthu moto, ndi udindo kutentha thupi, chifukwa ntchito za minofu mtima ndi ntchito bwinobwino pa mundawo m'mimba.
• Ngati inu akuphwanya mogwirizana ndi otaya wabwinobwino wa ntchofu, ya ndulu ndi mphepo osauka matenda. yokoka ake komanso kusalekerera anatsimikiza ndi digiri ya vutoli pakati pa atatu ndi mbali zofunika kwambiri yaikulu.

Chifukwa chitukuko mofulumira mankhwala mu India wakale

ndi makhalidwe a mankhwala mu India wakale chiyani? Nzosadabwitsa iye ali ndi dzina chachiwiri - m'dziko la anzeru, chifukwa iye nthawizonse wakhala wotchuka ochiritsa, amene anadzakhala akutali m'dziko lakwawo. miyambo Chibuda mwa prism a mibadwo afika zokhudza ochiritsa wakale: Charaka, Sushruta ndi Jivaka.

Kuti manda a mabuku Ayurvedic nthawi monga "Sushruta Samhita" ndi "Carvaka Samhita." Choyamba mwa zinthuzi ndi yakale kwambiri lonena za opaleshoni, limene limafotokoza khalidwe la ntchito zoposa 300, anauza 120 zida zamankhwala ndi 650 mankhwala.

Ancient Indian ochiritsa anali ndi chidziwitso yaikulu pa Kapangidwe ka thupi la munthu. malamulo achipembedzo musaike loletsa pa positi-mortem Kupenda zinali zokwanira kulipirira zochita zawo zioneke pa dzuwa, kukhudza ng'ombe chopatulika, kapena ntchito bafa kuyeretsa.

Kwambiri mphatso za chitukuko cha mankhwala mchiritsi Sashutry

Chikomfyushani ndi mankhwala mu India wakale mu nthawi ya mchiritsi Sashutry nazo chochita, chifukwa anayamba opaleshoni. Ndipo Confucius, monga ife kukumbukira, anali ndi kuphwanya akhale umphumphu wa thupi. Pakuti Sashruty opaleshoni wakhala woyamba ndi olemekezeka mankhwala sayansi. Pamene Amwenye katswiri zotsimikizira opaleshoni zida zitsulo mosiyana mitundu ina kutsatira yopangira mkuwa ndi mkuwa zida. amisiri azitsulo akale ankadziwa bwanji kuti iwo lakuthwa, omasuka ku dzanja ndi wokhoza unagawanika tsitsi. Mayina a zipangizo otchulidwa akambuku, zimbalangondo, mikango, mphalapala, afisi ndi mitundu yambirimbiri ya tizilombo. mano, zikhadabo makungwa akhala chitsanzo scalpels, masingano ndi forceps. Koma asanachite opareshoni, ndi dokotala anapempha mphamvu nyama zimenezi, koma musaiwale mankhwala zipangizo Kukuwotcha pa moto, kuchapa ndi madzi otentha ndi timadziti wa zomera wapadera.

Akale madokotala Indian ntchito fractures matayala atathana Mavalidwe samatha ndi nsungwi; stitched bala m'mbali hemp ndi nsalu ndi ulusi; magazi anasiya ozizira ndi phulusa; njira Special akhoza ankachitira zilonda, zotupa ndipo amayaka. Ngakhale ndiye tinayamba ntchito sedation nsaluzi zinkangokhala, vinyo, hashish, Opium ndi chamba.

madokotala Indian bwinobwino opaleshoni pulasitiki pa nkhope. Iwo ankachita kubwezeretsedwa kwa milomo, mphuno ndi makutu (iwo anataya chisankho khoti kapena nkhondo).

Mu lonena za Sushruta anafotokoza njira ya rhinoplasty, imene inkatchedwa "Indian njira" ndi ena zosintha lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito bwinobwino mpaka lero. The wakale malemba Indian oti achite ndondomeko ya opaleshoni mathithi.

Medicine Ancient India: m'sukulu za mankhwala

Ndinadabwa kuti mudziwe za mungathe nthawi ya Sushruta sukulu, adali ndi zasayansi wapadera komwe mankhwala amapangidwa, zipinda opaleshoni, monga zipinda komanso payokha zosungikira maphunziro ongolankhula ndi othandiza. Pophunzitsa mu otsatira Sushruta anali kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo chokhala ziwalo matenda. Kuona njira magazi m'mitsempha ntchito maluwa madzi, pa zipatso Panas anaphunzira m'zigawo za zolimba, luso Kuvala ophunzitsidwa pa wotonza akuluakulu. Maphunziro kusintha wophunzira anali kuphunzira nzeru, mankhwala, zomera, zasayansi, zamoyo, komanso mbuye maluso a sing'anga.

Mapangidwe madokotala ku India wakale

Mtima kwa dokotala ku India wakale anali osokoneza monsemu. Mu Vedic nthawi mchiritsi ntchito ankasangalala kulemekeza ndi ulemu. Koma Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira dongosolo chitukuko zinthu zasintha kwambiri, ena maphunziro mwabweretsa m'gulu la wosalungama ndi maonekedwe a lochitira, ndi anthu amene anachita nawo iwo, ananena angawauze. Mu gulu ili anali ochiritsa, pafupi ndi iwo anali acrobats, mitengo ndi anthu amene amasamalira mahatchi. Koma pa malemba akale angapezeke kuti ntchito zachipatala utakhala unachitikira wofunika kwambiri.

Mwa asing'anga otchuka India wakale anali Chimonko ndi mchitidwe umenewu amakhala malo machiritso. Kwa ansembe ankaloledwa kupereka thandizo la mankhwala kwa anthu aumphawi, ichi chinali cholinga chawo ndi chisomo.

Yoga - njira kuyang'ana nokha

Medicine Ancient India zapiringizana ndi ziphunzitso achipembedzo ndi nzeru zaumunthu, makamaka anati yoga. Chili ndi makhalidwe abwino ndi za chikumbumtima, ziphunzitso, chipembedzo, komanso zokambirana (asanas). Kumvetsa ziphunzitso zofunikira pochitika ziwiri gawo maphunziro: kumvetsa mzimu ndi anati yoga thupi. Pakuti thanzi tiyenera kusunga thupi ndi maganizo oyera, ndi kutha kwathunthu kumasuka. Yoga akusangalalabe kutchuka wautali kwambiri ndipo ali otsatira ambiri.

Ancient malo machiritso Indian

Medicine Ancient India (mwachidule mbiri ya mapangidwe ikuyimiridwa kwa tcheru chanu m'nkhani) pa nthawi m'gulu la malo apadera machiritso. City matakisi ndinu mmodzi wa malo maphunziro zachipatala m'gawo la India wakale. Mwana anali muzisangalala osati kudziwa ongolankhula, komanso bwinobwino ntchito mchitidwe. Titamaliza maphunziro, mphunzitsi anasonkhana ophunzira awo pamodzi kunena malangizo apadera.

basi mankhwala ayenera kubala Raja. Iye ankachita nawo kuyan'anila ntchito madokotala, ndi n'kumamuyang'anira mwambo wa chikhalidwe zachipatala. Doctor ayenera nthawi zonse kukhala zaukhondo ndi oyera, atavala zovala onunkhira, chidule ndevu, nthawi zonse misomali anu kuti achoke ku nyumba ndi ambulera ndi ndodo, ndipo ambiri Chofunika, kuti asauze aliyense za udindo wa odwala awo. Panali malamulo dokotala satenga malipiro kwa osauka, Brahmans ndi abwenzi. Ndipo ngati munthu wolemera anakana kumulipira gawo la chuma mlandu. Anamuika zochizira cholakwika ayenera kulipira chindapusa.

Mbiri ya mankhwala mu India wakale limatiuza kuti wakale Indian chikhalidwe cha waukulu zimasiyanitsa mbali ndi kulambira chidziwitso. Ochokera m'mayiko ambiri India basi kuti akaphunzire, madokotala wamng'ono. mzinda unkatchedwa mayunivesite, amene tcheru kuphunzira zakuthambo ndi masamu, nyenyezi, mabuku achipembedzo ndi nzeru zaumunthu, Chisansikiriti komanso mankhwala.

Mbiri ya mankhwala wakale India zalongosoledwa mwachidule mu nkhaniyi. Tikukhulupirira kuti mudziwe anali chidwi ndi zothandiza inu.