Nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin: dzina. Chiwembu wa Moscow Kremlin nsanja ndi maina

Mayina a nsanja 20 wa Moscow Kremlin sadziwa zonse Muscovites, ngakhale citadel ndi, makoma ake ndi Veigy - chimodzi chimene chimakopa anthu ambiri likulu komanso lonse la dziko lalikulu.

Yankho la funso lililonse

History ndi chifukwa cha nsanja, maonekedwe a dzina, mbali ya aliyense wa iwo mu mbiri unachitika mu sukulu za likulu. Koma pa nthawi, mayina akukuwerengerani. Ndi bwino kuti masiku ano zinthu zonse za iwo ali m'zinenero, ndipo nthawi iliyonse mukhoza kupeza mayankho a mafunso Mwachitsanzo, ili nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin, mayina a vezhey onse, aliyense wa iwo akunena kuti mbali iliyonse ya khoma ntchito ndi zina zotero.

Mmodzi wa makadi maitanidwe

Long moyo (kutchula koyamba a linga matabwa amatanthauza 1156) mpanda wolimba chofunika kwambiri dziko ndi chidwi kwambiri. Boma la Russia ndi pa ndime ndi zipilala dziko mbiri ngati Wall Wamkulu, Tower wa London, ndi maphunziro a Bastille anagwetsa, mapiramidi Iguputo. Padziko Lapansi, ndi wopandamalire nambala ya zokopa, koma kwambiri, yapadera zinthu osati kwambiri. anthu ochepa si bwino Spasskaya Tower, ndi anthu ochepa chabe pa kuwonana koyamba sakuzindikira chizindikiro cha Moscow, likulu la Russia lalikulu. Koma ku Russia, makamaka Muscovites, amene nthawi zonse amapita pa maulendo pakati pa likulu, bwino waukulu nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin. Dzina la aliyense wa iwo amaphunzitsidwa ku kalasi yachitatu, koma ambiri sanayambebe kupita kusukulu ndilipo Lembani, ngati si onse 20, lofunika kwambiri kwa iwo, ndipo osati okhawo amene amabwera Red Square.

nyumba wapadera

The linga lalikulu la dziko, yomwe ili pa Borovitsky phiri wakhala chimake cha ndale komanso a boma, ndipo ambiri mbiri ya Russia kuno okhala olamulira a dziko. Uwu ndi mtima wa mphamvu. Komanso, linga okongola. Anthu ambirimbiri apitako padziko lonse osati mukufuna kuwona cimodzi za zozizwa za mdziko, komanso kuti adziwane bwino ndi mbiri yake - mu zimene atumwi anamangidwira makoma awa amene, chiyambi cha dzina la - "Kremlin". Nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin ndi chidwi makamaka - alibe analogues mu dziko, amasiyana mzake. Ndipo kokha mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVII, ena a iwo anali mu yemweyo kalembedwe mapulani.

Akamanena za dzina la

Mu Russia wakale m'ma XIV, mzinda, inkakhala ndi mipanda ndi nsanja, battlements, ankatchedwa "Detinets" Patapita amaoneka maina a chrome, kirimu kremnik, kremlevnik. Chiyambi cha mawu akuti "Kremlin" ali Mabaibulo angapo, koma iwo onse amatchula kwambiri zokhalamo, malo kufikako. Ili mu nkhalango kuwoloka kapena kufikako steepness, nthawi zambiri osambitsidwa ndi mtsinje, kapena wazunguliridwa ndi chemba wodzazidwa ndi madzi. Ndipo linga aliyense unazunguliridwa ndi makoma aatali.

yosatsutsika linga

Chiwembu zotsatirazi wa Moscow Kremlin nsanja ndi maina zimasonyeza poyera mmene malo wasankhidwa mmodzi wa m'malinga wamkulu Russian - osasamba makona ndi mbali imodzi kutetezedwa ndi Moscow Mtsinje. Mu masiku akale ndi mbali zina, tsopano ndi Alexander Garden, mpanda anateteza mtsinje Neglinnaya. Mphepete chachitatu cha makona, n'kusiya m'dera Red kwambiri ngalande anadzazidwa ndi madzi. Komanso, Moscow Kremlin nsanja ndi mayina a chiwembu wosonyeza kuti vezhi okhota (Old Russian dzina la nsanja) m'munsi mwa ake zozungulira mu mawonekedwe, pamene ena - lalikulu.

Ovuta nyumba malinga

mawonekedwe nsanja kumbuyo ndi njira mpanda kuti tsenga kwagona kuti mpanda anamaliza ya zipolopolo za mfuti mdani ricochet, ndi shelling wa zikhoza lotengeka chonse. Ndi adani a linga la amati n'kofunika ngodya nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin. Mayina awo ndi awa - Vodovzvodnaya (Sviblova, kum'mwera), Beklemishevskaya (kudziwika monga Moskvoretskaya, kum'mwera chakum'mawa ngodya) ndi amphamvu kwambiri Kremlin Tower - Pakona nkhokwe (Sobakina) nsanja, trailing mzere wa makoma kumbuyo kwa Red Square. Mzindawu umayang'anira Kuoloka kwa mtsinje Neglinnaya.

Chigawo cha kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa mpanda Kremlin

Aliyense wa malinga awa linakonzedwa ndi cholinga makamaka. Moscow Kremlin dongosolo otchedwa nsanja chikusonyeza kuti vezhi yonse inali ku Red Square, kuchokera Pakona nkhokwe kuti Beklemishev (kutsogolo) muli, kuwonjezera awa awiri, asanu ndi nyumba ya mtundu uwu. Iwo Nikolskaya ndi Senate, Spasskaya ndi Imperial, Nabatnaya ndi Constantine ndi Helen Tower.

Tower kumpoto chakumadzulo mbali

Kuyambira Beklemishev kuti Vodovzvodnaya nsanja, imene ndi malo a khoma Kremlin, akuthamanga limodzi Moscow Mtsinje, kuwonjezera pa ngodya, asanu vezh - Peter ndi mayina Chachiwiri, Choyamba mayina, Taynitskaya ndi Annunciation. The gulu lina la makona osasamba, zikuyenda chitoliro achoka m'mbuyomo Neglinnaya zigawo mtsinje yosiyana yekha kupulumuka nthambi strelnitsa otchedwa Kutafya nsanja, amene chikugwirizana mlatho kwa vezhey apamwamba Kremlin - Utatu. Kuwonjezera Vodovzvodnaya ngodya ndi nkhokwe, ndi Utatu Kutafia, pa gawo ili ndi Borovitskaya ndi amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida, bwana ndi Middle nkhokwe Tower.

yosiyana kuzungulira

nsanja zonse za Moscow Kremlin, maina a omwe ali pamwambawa, zinamangidwa panthawi zosiyanasiyana mabwana Italy, pamene wotchedwa "fryazhskie". Woyambirira anali Taynitskaya, anamanga mu 1485. M'zaka khumi zikubwerazi, izo achita m'Mphamvu chitetezo onse (yotsirizira mu 1495 inamangidwa Utatu), kupatula laling'ono la Royal, anamanga mu 1680. The chachiwiri chopambana - Utatu - ndi nsanja pamwamba pa Moscow Kremlin. Izi zidasintha maina mobwerezabwereza. Komabe, pafupifupi zonse za munsanja asanabwere ake ankatchedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma awiri ndi anonymous. Epiphany ndi Rizopolozhensky, Znamenskoye ndi Kuretnaya - kotero mosinthanasinthana osiyana nthawi kutchedwa choyambirira Utatu nsanja, amene kutalika ukufika mamita 80.

zifukwa dzina

Boma la Russia wokha sukhalira sanapite mpaka mapeto, iye wagwira zinsinsi zambiri. Nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin, dzina limene zikumveka makamaka chachilendo kwa khutu la munthu ano pamaso, monga ulamuliro, ankatchedwa mosiyana. Koma mayina ano ngati kumvetsa, n'zomveka ndithu - Mpulumutsi ndi wotchedwa chifukwa anali pa chithunzi cha Mpulumutsi, Vodovzvodnaya - chifukwa chipangizo wapadera madzi ku Moscow Mtsinje kufika pamwamba ndi amatumizidwa padziko boma la Russia. Dzina "Royal" odziwikiratu - kuchokera kumeneko mfumu (makamaka anasangalala kupanga Ivan Grozny) kuwayang'anira zochitika pa Red Square.

Okha

Nikolskaya nsanja, akuponya kuchokera okwana boma la Russia gulu loyimba ndi zomangamanga ndi mtundu, wotchedwa chifukwa anali kusungidwa pa chizindikirochi Nikolaya Chudotvortsa. nsanja iyi ndi chidwi kwambiri moyo - kudzera ku boma la Russia m'gulu asilikali m'manja mwa Dmitriya Pozharskogo ndi Kuzma Minin. Iwo anatentha mu chaka cha 1737, kuthamanga kwawo ndi boma la Russia, anali litaphulitsidwa ndi French. Koma mavuto onsewa konse zowawa chizindikiro cha St. Nicholas - mu kuphulika, amene anapambana mazenera m'misewu wapafupi, ngakhale losweka chikho pa izo.

maina yosavuta

N'chifukwa amatchedwa Nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin, kuphunzira chidwi kwambiri. Ndipo kudabwitsa kuti m'nthawi yathu tikhoza Dziŵani mbiri ya aliyense wa iwo. Mwachitsanzo, Beklemishevskaya Tower: chiyani akutchedwa? Ndipotu, dzina inayo - "Moskvoretskaya" - zinaonekeratu ndiponso yomveka: ndi pa Moscow Mtsinje. Beklemishevskaya monga Sviblovskaya (Vodovzvodnaya) tikutchedwera chifukwa makhoti boyars Beklemisheva Sviblovo ndi mwachindunji pafupi boma la Russia mu malo awa. Boma la Russia palokha ndipo zonse mogwirizana ndi zimenezi - malo opatulika ndi yophiphiritsa onse a ku Russia.