Petr Sagaydachny: mwachidule mbiri, chidwi mfundo, mbiri chithunzi

Petr Sagaydachny anasiya amaonekera pa mbiri. Pomenyera ufulu wa Ukraine, amene walimbikitsa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, anayamba ndendende Sagaidachnogo. anathandiza kwa chikhalidwe cha dziko, kubwezeretsa kwa Mpingo Orthodox ndi mtima wa Cossacks koma kuti imawunikidwa mbiri yakale.

Peter Konashevych-Sahaidachny: yonena mwachidule (mpaka 1600)

Mu mabuku mbiri likunena zambiri zochepa za ubwana ndi unyamata za tsogolo hetman a Ukraine. Gwero mabuku zambiri zokhudza chiyambi cha moyo Sagaidachnogo - ndakatulo mutu wa Kyiv Abale sukulu Kasiyana Sakovich. Peter anabadwa pafupifupi 1570. Malo obadwira akhoza chilichonse koma moganizira mfundo ndakatuloyi, - pafupi ndi mzinda wa Przemysl. View Khadi Prykarpattia nthawi kuti tikhoza kuganiza kuti mudzi Kulchintsy. makolo anali olemera ndithu, koma mosiyana kwambiri ndi olemekezeka ena unachitika chikhulupiriro chikale.

Anaphunzitsidwa Petr Sagaydachny kosamalira woyamba wa maphunziro apamwamba ku Eastern Europe - ndi Ostroh Academy. Pambuyo kumvetsera kwathunthu mu sukulu, analandira maphunziro kwambiri. Pa moyo woyambirira wa lodziwika bwino m'mbiri kanthu chokhudza.

Zikamera Sagaidachnogo mu Zaporozhye

Cossacks m'zaka za m'ma 17 anali yekhayo ovomereza-Chiyukireniya mphamvu. Kukwaniritsa ntchito imayenera umenewu mphamvu mphamvu ya Cossacks anali kutumiza m'njira yoyenera. Sagaidachnyi poyamba anapereka palokha ntchito imeneyi ndi kudzapereka izo.

Tsiku kwa chitunda kwa hetman molimba kudzaweruza chifukwa pali Mabaibulo angapo. Chiyukireniya mbiri M. Melnychuk ananena kuti 1598 kale Konashevich anasankhidwa hetman. "History of Ukraine-Lazaro" Mihail Grushevsky mu ntchito yake akufotokoza maganizo kuti ambiri mu 1601, chinafikadi kwa Cossacks. Komabe, mwakhungu kukhulupirirana Mabaibulo a pamwamba komanso pachithunzichi.

The kusowa mfundo za zaka za moyo wa mkulu pambuyo Ostroh Academy zikusonyeza kuti Zaporozhye anaonekera kwinakwake pambuyo 1595, koma nthawi yomweyo kukhala hetman, iye sakanakhoza. Tinali apeze kum'khulupirira Cossacks nkhondo. Ambiri mwina, Peter Konashevych-Sahaidachny (chithunzi zaikidwa mu mawonekedwe a chithunzi a), anasankhidwa kukhala positi mu 1602-1606, motero.

maganizo andale

Choyamba hetman, amene ankafuna kuti asiye ulamuliro Polish, anali Peter Konashevych-Sahaidachny. States wa kunapezeka zabwino. Pamene anali akukonzekera zija wake? Cholinga chake chinali lolimbikitsa pang'onopang'ono wa Cossacks. njira chosintha kutero pa nthawi imeneyo kunali kosatheka, chifukwa onse Poland ndi Ottoman anali amphamvu kwambiri, ndi Zaporozhian khamu si monga gulu kuyenera.

Sagaidachnyi unachitikira kusintha utsogoleri. Tsopano m'dera la Zaporizhia Army unagawidwa regiments ndi malo m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Mu chaputala magulu anali Colonel amene anatsogolera lonse boma. Chifukwa cha kusintha izi angalimbikitse mphamvu ofukula pa lamanzere gombe Ukraine.

abwino Political Petr Sagaydachny ndinawona palokha Chiyukireniya boma kumutsogolera osankhika Cossack ndale.

Maulendo loyamba

Petr Sagaydachny monga mtsogoleri wa anadzionetsa pasanapite nthawi kuchokera naimirira utsogoleri. Woyamba wa akulowera wotchuka chinachitika mu 1605. Zaporozhye asilikali ndiye anagonjetsa Varna (Turkey nsanja). Ikuimira kupambana kuti November 10, 1444 Turkey anagonjetsa Zitsulo pafupi Varna. Petr Sagaydachny pamodzi ndi anyamata ake chinatsika mzindawu ndi nyanja, anafika asilikali ndi kupanga izo mandala ku Turkey, zomwe analola kuti aphwanye asilikali m'deralo. Cholinga cha ntchitoyi anali akwaniritsa, chifukwa Cossacks anamasulidwa akapolo, amene anali kwambiri, ndipo iwo anatenga zambiri zikho.

Chaka chilichonse, pambuyo kupita Varna Petr Sagaydachny ndi Cossacks anapanga maulendo nyanja. Cholinga cha aliyense linanena bungwe m'nyanja - kumasulidwa kwa Ukrainians m'mizinda ya Black Sea, olamulidwa pa nthawi Turkey ndi Crimea Khan, m'misika kapolo. Komanso, Cossacks anabweretsa kuchokera ku misonkhano ambiri kupanga chosiyana. 1607 zinali zodzaza ndi matenda Cossacks pa Krymskoe Hanstvo (kuwotchedwa Perekop ndi Ochakov). Chaka chotsatira, a Cossacks anaukira m'tauni kum'mwera pano Odessa dera (Kiliya, Izmail), zimene zinabweretsa ambiri amene kale anali akapolo.

kuyenda ulendo lodziwika bwino za 1614 ndi 1616 a

nyanja maulendo angapo ali likupitirirabe. mphamvu zawo zikuchulukirachulukira yekha. Kukwera kwa Turkey lokha kutali kwambiri ndi woopsa, koma cholinga unali wabwino - kuwononga mdani, ndi kutulutsidwa kwa akaidi. Cossacks zikwi ziwiri pa seagulls wake kufika ku gombe la Turkey. Iwo anali wokhoza kuononga doko mzinda wa Sinop. Yokwana ndalama kuwonongeka Akuti pa zlotys 40 miliyoni. Mu ntchito imeneyi Cossacks anamasula akaidi zikwizikwi za chiyambi chikale.

Kufunika kwa kampeni Cafu mu 1616 n'zovuta Musaone. Petr Sagaydachny monga mtsogoleri wa anadzionetsa bwino kwambiri, chifukwa bwino ankadalira chozemba. Pa kuchoka kwa Dnieper mu Nyanja Cossacks anathamangira ku gulu la galleys Turkey malire, zomwe amayenera kumenya. Cossacks anagonjetsa kunyengedwa Turkey: ena seagulls (ndipo pakhala 150) anabwerera kumsasa, ndi ena anabisala pafupi Ochakov. Turkey ankaganiza kuti Cossacks apita. kukumana ndi mavuto ena mu Cossacks sanali. Kupambana Cafe mwayi kuti abwerere ku mabanja awo nambala yaikulu akapolo chikale.

Peter Konashevych-Sahaidachny. Mbiri chithunzi cha Hetman mfundo za chikhalidwe

Sagaidachnyi anali mmodzi wa anthu ambiri ophunzira a nthawi imeneyo ku Ukraine. Pozindikira kuti Cossacks anali asilikali osankhika a anthu, koma si onse zosachepera maphunziro ena anaganiza kuti agwirizane ndi Cossacks onse Kiev ubale. Cholinga: utithandize zachikhalidwe mu Ukraine ndi kulera mlingo chikhalidwe cha Cossacks.

Komanso Peter Konashevych-Sahaidachny (lalifupi yonena wapatsidwa m'nkhani) bungwe kubwezeretsedwa kwa dipatimenti Kiev Orthodox. Pambuyo kulengeza Union of Brest mu 1586 pafupifupi matchalitchi ambiri aang'ono linakhala cholowa cha Greek Catholic Church. Panjira ku Moscow ku Yerusalemu Kiev anasiya waukulu Orthodox hierarch Teofilo, amene anakumana hetman. Iye anafotokoza mbadwa zinthu zimene zinachitika ndi ziphunzitso Chiyukireniya. Ndi kusankha Teofilo, anatengera mchikakamizo cha zopempha Hetman, mu 1615 Kiev Metropolia wabwezeretsedwa; Orthodox anapezanso katundu wambiri. Iye anasankhidwa Metropolitan wa Kiev ndi 6 mabishopu, lotsogoledwa dipatimenti m'munda.

Cossacks nawo ulendo pa Moscow

Mu 1618, mitengo nkhondo Grand Duchy wa Moscow. Pozindikira kuti akufunikira thandizo la asilikali ku Zaporizhzhya, boma akatulukire kwa Sagaidachnyi. Aliyense akudziwa zovuta za moyo wa boma Polish, waika patsogolo kwambiri ndale zofuna (tikambirana m'munsimu), amene anatengedwa. Pokhapokha pangano n'zotheka kukwaniritsa zofuna za asilikali Cossack linapita. Cossacks asamukira m'dera lamkati la Muscovy kudya mokwanira. Pa msonkhano wokopa 20 Mizinda Russian, ena mwa iwo anagwidwa ndi Cossacks kutenthedwa. Zaporizhia Army ndi ntchito mochenjera pano, zikusintha malo a Kuoloka kwa mtsinje Oka Ndipo iwo wo sali asilikali ake Nyumbayi ndi adani amene akhoza kubweretsa mavuto. Petr Sagaydachny (yonena hetman ndi chidwi kwambiri) anaganiza kuti basi kuzungulira mizinda ngati Kolomna ndi Zaraysk. Isanayambe kuukira mu Moscow inanena kuti pangano mtendere anasaina pakati pa Zitsulo ndi Muscovites.

kupambana Political Sagaydachnogo

Lodziwa, munthu uyu, nayenso, lakwaniritsa kwambiri kwa Ukraine. Rzeczpospolita anakakamizika asintha ndi kukwaniritsa zofuna za mbali Chiyukireniya. Mu 1618, ngakhale pamaso pa ndawala Moscow, ndi Cossacks kuika nsonga ya zinthu zotsatirazi:

• chiyembekezo chakuti a kuyang'aniridwa Chipolishi Cossacks;
• Hetman umayenda pa gawo lonse la Ukraine;
• kuonjezera ufulu Cossacks;
• ufulu wa milandu ku Poland;
• ufulu wa chipembedzo wa anthu.

Lamulo yachiwiriyi umalimbana kulimbitsa udindo wa Orthodoxy m'mayiko a Ukraine, chifukwa ansembe Uniate anachita propaganda wokangalika.

The yochepa moyo wa mkulu wa

Nkhondo Poland ndi Turkey anayamba zimenezi pasanapite nthawi kuchokera nkhondo asilikali ndi Moscow. The Zitsulo sakanakhoza kuchita popanda Cossacks - mphamvu yaikulu kwambiri asilikali ufumu. Chofunika kwa kuchotsa moyo wa Hetman nkhondo kunachitika pansi Khotin (tsopano mu Ukraine, Khmelnytsky dera), kumene anavulazidwa.

Mbiri chithunzi cha mtsogoleri wa chingakhale chosakwanira popanda zokhudza banja lake. Iye anakwatiwa, koma moyo ambiri banja sizinagwire ntchito. Mwina, anthu sanabadwire banja ndi dziko, kwa dziko. Ndipotu cholowa chake Hetman sadampatsa monga mkazi wake, ndipo chinaperekedwa kwa zosowa za mipingo, mchitidwe umenewu ndi Kyiv Ubale.

April 22, 1622 ndi hetman lalikulu la Zaporizhia Army anafa cha zilonda zake pa Hawtin.

Kumene, mbiri sadziwa maganizo subjunctive, koma mwa kupenda njira ya zochitika zaka 1618-1621 tikhoza kuganiza motsimikiza kwambiri kuti moyo Sagaidachnogo, musakhale kuti choipa kudwala-fated, Ukraine akhoza adziimire paokha kapena yotakata kwambiri kudziyimira pawokha. Zikuoneka adzakhala akwaniritsa Petr Sagaydachny, kanthawi yonena zomwe n'zokayikitsa bwanji kufunika zonse ndipo moyo wake kwa dziko.