Mfumukazi mkazi wa England Margarita Anzhuyskaya: yonena, chidwi mfundo ndi mbiri

Mmodzi wa kanjedza ndi kiyi wa dynastic nkhondo zapachiweniweni zomwe kwambiri imadziwika monga Nkhondo ya Maluwa, anali Margarita Anzhuyskaya. Zinali iye amene panokha anatsogolera kagulu kamene Lancastrian. Monga mkazi wa Henry VI, ndi chifukwa cha kuukira zonse misala ya mkazi wake anatenga malo ake. Ndipotu, dziko m'ndende Mfumukazi mkazi wa England.

Margarita Anzhuyskaya: yonena

Anabadwa wolamulira wam'tsogolo wa kum'mawa kwa France, mu ang'onoang'ono lachifumu cholowa Pont-à-Mousson duchy wa Lorraine mu March 1430. Iye anali mwana wachisanu wa Mnazareti Anzhuyskogo. mayi ake Isabella, Duchess wa Lorraine, anamvera kwambiri maphunziro a ana awo. Ndi izo, iye ankachita nawo Antuan De La Salle - amadziwika pa nthawi ya wolemba French, tsopano a mochedwa Ages Middle.

Atate wa Marguerite, lotchedwa "Good Korol Mnazareti", anali titular mfumu ya Sicily, Naples ndi Yerusalemu. Iye ankaona munthu ndi akorona angapo, koma osati ufumu wina. mwana anabatizidwa mu Lorraine. Ngakhale mu chisamaliro cha namwino atate wake, Margarita Anzhuyskaya anakhala mwana mu chinyumba pa Rhone mtsinje, ndipo pamene iye anali zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, izo kuwapititsa ku Capua, mu zaka achifumu yachifumu mu Ufumu wa Sicily. Monga mwana wamwamuna, mkazi tsogolo la King Henry otchedwa La cholengedwa tating'ono.

ukwati

Mu April 1445 mu Hampshire Margaret wa Anjou anakwatira Henry VI, yemwe anali mkulu wake ndi zaka eyiti. Ndiye iye yekha kunamizira wachifumu. Mfumu ya m'tsogolo madera onse olamulidwa ndi dera la kumpoto kwa France. Amalume Henry, Charles VII la, nayenso, ponamizira korona, anapereka chilolezo kwa ukwati wa Margaret ndi wake msuweni-odana pa chikhalidwe chimodzi: bambo a mkwatibwi m'malo mwa malowolo mwachizolowezi anali kuti muuze duchy wa Anjou ndi County la Maine.

coronation

boma la Britain adawopa anachita zoipa za anthu, iwo anaganiza kusunga chinsinsichi pangano limeneli. The thirtieth wa May 1445 ku Westminster Abbey, Bishopu wamkulu wa Canterbury anavekedwa Margarita Anzhuyskaya. Mfumukazi ya England, monga afotokozera a m'nthawi, ngakhale anali wamng'ono, koma wokhala ndi mbali kuti akhale chibadidwe munthu woyenera. Iye anali wokongola komanso mokhudza, koma amphamvu wofuna ndi onyada. Pa bwalo, ambiri ankaganiza kuti Koroleva Margarita Anzhuyskaya anakumana ankayembekezera ndi kumvetsa ntchito yawo.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Henry VI nthawi zonse chidwi kwambiri mu chipembedzo ndi ziphunzitso kuposa nkhani asilikali. Zikuoneka Choncho, sanali ankaona wolamulira bwino. Anakhala mfumu ku molawirira kwambiri msinkhu kuchokera pa chiyambi anali kuyang'aniridwa ndi Atetezi awo ndi regents. Komanso, Henry anakwatirana boma maganizo, malinga ndi deta ya olemba, anali yovuta. Ndipo kubadwa kwa Edward, mwana wake yekha ndi Margaret, mu 1453, potsiriza kuchichepetsa thanzi ndi psyche mfumu.

Pabwaloli panali nkhani yomwe sanathe ndi mwana, koma chifukwa wakhanda Prince of Wales - chifukwa cha chigololo. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, bambo a Edward mwina, kapena Duke wa Somerset, Wiltshire ndi Earl. Iwo onse anamva anzawo okhulupirika Margarita Anzhuyskaya.

Wambiri ya Mfumukazi England, ali nawo kwathunthu ndi mwamuna asiye chikhalidwe ndi sayansi, wakhala akugwira ntchito ndi University ya Cambridge. Apa iye anayambitsa koleji, amene analipirira mpaka imfa yake.

The kugonjetsa Duke wa York

Atasamuka likulu amadyerera Greenwich Palace, Margarita Anzhuyskaya kwathunthu odzipereka yekha kusamalira mwana wake. Koma pamene iye anazindikira kuti mwamuna wake likuoneka kuti napasula Duke wa York, woikidwa pa kudwala misala mwamuna wake (1453-1454 gg.) Regent wake, iye wasankha Ndithu korona mbadwa zake. The English wachifumu amphamvu Woyesana moyenerera ankati makamaka kuyambira mbali yake inali kwambiri achibale amphamvu amene anali okonzeka kumuthandiza.

Mbiri yakale amati mu nthawi ino Margarita Anzhuyskaya, ngakhale kuti anali otsutsana osatchuka, koma ankaona mokwanira mphamvu mu ndale. Pokhulupirira, bendable ndi Henry anakhala wosakhazikika dongo m'manja mwa mkazi wake, pamene iye ankafuna kuti achite chinachake. Margaret anali wokhoza kuti akhutire kuti mupewe malo kazembe wa mfumu mu France, komanso kuti amutume kwa Ireland. Kuti iye anayesa mobwerezabwereza kupha Goliyati mwamuna wake mu 1449 ndi 1450, motero. Komabe, izo zinalephereka.

Mbiri ya nkhondo ya maluwa

Kudziwika ndi authoritativeness Margaret wa Anjou anakhala wa zifukwa zazikulu kugalukira Yorkist. Iwo anali naye, nayamba nkhondo ya Maluwa, yomwe inatenga zaka makumi atatu - ndi 1455 zaka 1485. Chifukwa nkhondo imeneyi ang'onoang'ono internecine pakati pa nthumwi ziwiri mphamvu ya mafumu British, Lancaster ndi York, anakamba osati zovuta zachuma pambuyo zaka mazana nkhondo komanso kusakhutira zokhudza mfundo anathamangitsa ndi Margarita Anzhuyskaya ndi okondedwa ake. Korol Genrih yekha amene ankadwala matenda a maganizo, nthawi zina kwenda kukomoka pandekha kuthamanga dziko sadathe.

nkhondo Open awiriwa mabanja achifumu - Nkhondo ya maluwa mikono ya England, inayamba mu 1455. Nkhondo woyamba, umene unachitika ku St. Albans, akwaniritsa chigonjetso Yorkist nthumwi. Adakhoza kukwaniritsa zimene yamalamulo ananena wolowa Kalonga wa York a Henry VI. Margaret ankathawira kumpoto. Apa Mfumukazi mkazi ankatha kusonkhanitsa lalikulu lankhondo zokwanira. Mu umodzi wa nkhondo izi, Richard anaphedwa. mutu wake yodulidwa ndi hoisting pepala korona wake kuvala nsanja ya mpanda wa mzindawo mu York County.

kugonjetsedwa

Atamwalira Richard wa York anatsogolera gulu anaima Edward - mwana wake. Kumayambiriro 1461, iye anathandiza Earl wa Warwick, kodi pawiri kugonjetsa magulu ankhondo Lancastrians. Iye anakwanitsa kutenga London, kumene Adadzipatula Mfumu ya England. Edward IV anapanga Tower kutsitsidwa Henry VI. A Koroleva Margarita Anzhuyskaya anathawa England.

Amene anayamba kulamulira mu Nkhondo ya Maluwa Mfumu Edward IV owalimbikitsa mphamvu zake anayamba kuchepetsa ufulu wa anthu otchuka ang'onoang'ono. Choncho kum'patsa sakhulupirira anzake akale. ogwirizana wakale kutsogozedwa ndi Earl wa Warwick anapandukira Yehova. Mfumu anathawa kuchoka ku England, ndi kutsitsidwa Henry VI anapulumutsidwa ku ndende ndipo kachiwiri anabwerera ku mpando wachifumu.

Koma Edward, mu 1471, ku England, anali wokhoza kumatula asilikali kawiri akhala lililonse ogwirizana zina Warwick ndi Margaret wa Anjou. Pa nkhondoyo anaphedwa monga Zithunzi, ndipo mwana wa Mfumukazi ya - Prince Edward. Henry kachiwiri kumangidwa Tower, kumene anakafa mu May 1471.

imfa

Margarita mpaka posachedwapa anayesa nkhondo wachifumu wa mwamuna wake. Imfa ya mwana wake mmodzi yekhayo amakakamizidwa mfumukazi kusiya nkhondo. Analidi ndi wandende mwa Yorkist, koma anagulidwa mu 1475 ndi Louis XI. mfumu anafunsa bambo ake. Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Margarita Anzhuyskaya unachitikira ku France. Zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri iye anakhala ngati ubale osauka mwa bwalo. Mfumukazi mkazi anafa August 1482. Iye anali kokha zaka makumi awiri. Margarita m'manda mu tchalitchi cha chimam'kwiyitsa, pafupi ndi makolo, koma mu zaka za French kuukira boma monga pa tchalitchi lokha, ndipo manda ake anali kaŵirikaŵiri.