"A odulidwa" - liwu nthawi ya kusintha Stolypin a. Mtengo wa mabala mu munda Russia

Mu XX m'ma, zikuluzikulu wamba zipolowe mu Russian Ufumu amakakamizidwa akuluakulu kufunafuna njira zothetsera vuto agrarian mu dziko. Mwachikulu zotheka njira ziwiri kusintha agrarian. Njira yoyamba zinachititsa kuti kuteteza zigawo tidakocheza ndi chiwonongeko cha m'dera wamba. Njira yachiwiri zinachititsa kuti Kulipira zigawo tidakocheza ndi nationalization m'dziko. Pa kukhazikitsa kusintha dziko nanyamuka maganizo "odulidwa." mawu Poyamba kawirikawiri kulankhula, koma chiyambi cha m'ma, kufunika kwake kudziwika kwa minda yonse Ufumu.

Stolypin kusintha

Onse-Russian Congress wa United otchuka anapatsidwa kutsogolera kukhazikitsa njira choyamba cha kusintha dziko. Mogwirizana zikukhalira imfa ya njira yakale wamba wa moyo, boma anaganiza chiwonongeko chotheratu cha dziko wamba gawo, dziko la mumzinda waukulu anakhalabe wawo. Kukonza ikuchitika pansi pa utsogoleri wa Nduna P. Stolypin, ndipo anatulukira kumva dzina la "kusintha Stolypin Mulungu." November 3, 1905 inali kuperekedwa kwa Ndondomeko achifumu, chimene malipiro chiwombolo sinyamukanso ndi magawo anamukwiyira mwathunthu wokwatibwa ndi m'mphawi lapansi. Choncho panali kuthekera kupanga a wambiri dziko kudula. mawu limeneli limapezeka pa chiyambi cha 1906 ndipo wakhala bwinobwino ntchito mpaka zisinthe wa 1917 chaka. Mfundo imeneyi lachokera ku "kuwaza", "kudula" - wotchedwa mu dziko magawano chilengedwe cha dziko pakati pa minda ya.

Mawu "kudula" amatanthauza gawo osiyana ndi ulamuliro anasankha dera mu ntchito patokha mlimi.

ufulu munthu

Pamodzi ndi gulu la maiko limodzi, anaganiza am'thamangitsa kunyumba osauka wamba minda mayiko mmphepete mwa Russian Ufumu. Chifukwa wamba pansi tsars anali ufulu wonse ndi kumasulika, funso kuphatikiza wa oimira kalasi ufulu kuyenda. March 10, 1906 Udindo wa Bungwe la nduna anapatsa wamba ufulu wa kusankha okhala, ufulu kuyenda, kulipira zitupa ndi "malamulo kutipanikiza" ndi equalization a wamba mu ufulu wake yapachiweniweni ndi makalasi ena. Choncho wamba akhoza kusiya komanso kuti dziko mu umwini payekha - odulidwa. Izi kunatheka ngakhale m'madera nthaka yachonde sikunali kokwanira - Weruza ndi nkhani ya resettlement wa kunja kwa ufumuwo.

chuma Khutornoi

mabanja angapo ndi munthu yokhudza malo anapanga munda. Monga ulamuliro, monga kuthetsa yaing'ono adanyamuka madera kumene linalanda wa tsarist Russia, kumene limodzi ulamuliro dziko sikuti kumachitika kapena sanalandire yogawa lonse. Farm ndi chinangwa ndi chizindikiro wodziwika bwino kusintha Stolypin, amene anali umalimbana pa ziŵalo wamba mu minda ang'ono pa chitsanzo Prussian.

Bwinobwino kukonza Stolypin chinalepheretsa October kuukira boma. Popeza kufika ake, mawu ambiri ataya tanthauzo lake, kuphatikizapo "odulidwa." Mfundo imeneyi wataya kufunika kwake pambuyo buku la Watsimikiza pa Land, yolembedwa ndi VI Lenin.