Lina ndi zoweta Politika Ryurika. Magwero a Kievan Lazaro.

Riurik (analamulira 862-879) - wolemekezeka Asilavo Prince ndi Norman mizu. Woyambitsa wa ku Rurik mafumu, limene kwa zaka zambiri analamulira Lazaro. Chimodzi mwa chidwi kanjedza mbiri: zambiri mfundo za mbiri wake ali chinsinsi.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Tsiku lenileni limene iye anabadwa silidziŵika kalonga. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zimenezi zinachitika zaka 806 ndi 808 mu mzinda Baltic Rarog. The Chidanishi mfumu Gottfried, anaukira pansi, bambo anapachika Rurik - Prince Godolyuba. mayi wake Umila, mwana wamkazi Gostomysl, pamodzi ndi ana aang'ono anachoka kwawo ndi anathawa ku ukapolo. Pamene kalonga tsogolo ankakula, iye ndi m'bale wake anabatizidwa pa bwalo la mfumu Wachifulanki analandira kwa mutu wake ndi dziko mphoto. Ndipotu iye anakhala wolamulira wa gawo limodzi Elbe, wachokera kwambiri kwa atate wake, koma kwa ufulu m'manja.

Wachifulanki Ufumu pa nthawi ino adzazunzidwa ndewu. Chifukwa, chotsatira asilikali nkhondo Rurik m'dziko lachilendo. Anakhumudwa ndi mfumu, analowa Varangian alonda. Kuyambira pamenepo, iye ankamuda chirichonse chimene chikugwirizana ndi munthu ndi boma, lomwe anatha. ..mchikondi kalonga anali ngakhale chipembedzo ankati ndi Afulanki. Kubatizidwa, Rurik kwambiri kuponderezedwa zinthu zopatulika za chikhulupiriro, choncho anthu anamutcha iye "mliri wa Chikhristu."

magwero

Rurik (analamulira 862-879) wasiya chizindikiro chake mu mbiri. Koma ngakhale amene amaona kuti ndi munthu weniweni, osati kwenikweni kudziwa chiyambi cha munthu. Azambiriyakale akuthandiza Norman chiphunzitso, nkuti, Rurik ndi mkazi wake - mahatchi Scandinavia anachokera Scandinavia. Monga umboni wa wosalakwa, iwo kulabadira etymology dzina la kalonga, kucheza ndi Latin "Rex" - mfumu, wolamulira. Ndipo mwina ndi woona, chifukwa masiku awa dzina la Rurik ambiri m'mayiko Masewerera a Nordic: Sweden ndi Finland.

West Asilavo otsatira chiphunzitso amakhulupirira kuti mizu Rurik zimachokera ku Obodrits fuko amene amadzitcha reregami - chiwombankhanga. Ndipo amatanthauza "nthano ya makedzana Zaka", chimene chidalembedwa: mu 862 krivichi ndi Ilmen Asilavo sanathe kugwirizana pakati pawo ndi kusankha wolamulira limodzi. Kupewa kuphana zosafunika, natembenukira kwa awo Asilavo abale Rurik. Iye ndi abale ake anadza ku Novgorod ndipo anakhala mfumu: kunja ndi mkati Politika Ryurika pa nthawi yomweyo anali ndi khalidwe asilikali. Olemba mbiri ena amanena kuti kalonga bwino anayamba Staraya Ladoga ndi Novgorod inamangidwa mu zaka zingapo. Chiphunzitsochi imayendetsedwa ndi anapezazo m'mabwinja apeza "Rurik Pamudzi."

M'banja Rjurika (lalifupi)

Chonchi nkhani wosakhwima, monga kasamalidwe mphamvu waukulu kutsimikizira kulimbikitsa kalonga yapangitsa dziko lake, anagonjetsa mphamvu ndi ulemu. Ake kwenikweni adawopa ulemu, monga chifaniziro cha anthu wamba, iye anali oopsa ndi wowuma kalonga, izi analinso mkati Politika Ryurika. Gome m'munsimu limasonyeza mbali yaikulu ya boma mphamvu Rurik.

Mlendo sanatiitane mwa munthu wa Rurik anachititsa kusakhutira wa boyars m'dera ndi olemekezeka, amenenso anafuna kuti atenge mpandowachifumu. Choncho zipolowe kung'anima tsopano kenako ananyamuka ku mbali zosiyana za ukulu, koma kazembe yomweyo dzanja lake lamphamvu kuletsedwa kupanduka kukwiya. Iye anapitiriza analanda mizinda latsopano Russian ndi mafuko oyandikana: Rurik nazo zochuluka kwa Kiev, kumene analamulira Askold ndi Dir.

mfundo yachilendo

Kamodzi ku likulu la Kiev, kalonga anachita chidwi ndi kukongola kwake ndi mphamvu. Iye anali diso lake pa likulu la Russia, kotero kugwila tidbit izi patapita anatsogolera lonse yachilendo Politika Ryurika. Tebulo ukutionetsera m'mene pali otchedwa ubwenzi pakati pa kalonga ndi Kiev.

Lina ndi zoweta Politika Ryurika analungamitsidwa. Iye anali mmodzi wa oyamba amene analengeza Russia pa dziko lonse.

Mwatsoka, nkhani chitatha Rurik mu 879. Kenako Baton amanyamula Prince Oleg, dzina anthu Aulosi amene mwachangu analandira Rurik bolodi ndi Amapatsa moyo zolinga zonse kufika wa kuloŵedwa m'malo ake.

otsatira

Lina ndi zoweta Politika Ryurika anali umalimbana kulimbitsa mphamvu ya mayiko Russian yoperekedwa kwa ukulu wa. Pofika chaka cha 870 awiri mabungwe zinalengedwa South - tinapita ku Kiev, komanso North - ndi likulu la Novgorod. Mu mzinda woyamba analamulira Askold ndi Dir, lachiwiri - Rurik. Akufa, iye anapereka impso mphamvu manja a wachibale, Oleg. Iye anam'patsa kusamalira mwana wake Igor, yemwe anadzakhala Grand Duke.

Oleg adakwanitsa kupambana mafuko Ulichi ndi Drevlyane. Iye anayamba Kiev ku Russia, apo achikunja mpatuko. Ndiye ine ndinapita ku Byzantium ndipo zinasaina pangano yapamwamba, amene anawonjezera dera la chikoka ndipo watsegula mwayi kwa amalonda Russian. Russia wakhala bwenzi zonse za ufumuwo. Pambuyo Oleg anakhala mfumu mwana wa Rurik - Igor. Nthawi imeneyi inali yovuta: panali zachiwawa ndi kuukira. Koma kalonga anachita wowawa kwambiri kuposa zimene zinawonongedwa wake: nthaŵi zonse mbamuikha zisudzo wowerengeka Zimenezi zimawathandiza mphamvu centralized.

Rurik: udindo mu mbiri

Mu ulamuliro wake mayiko Russian kuchuluka kwambiri chifukwa madera Chifinishi anagonjetsa. Kapangidwe ka Russia m'gulu mafuko a kum'mawa Asilavo. Tsopano anthu onsewa anali ofanana chipembedzo, chinenero, chikhalidwe ndi miyambo. Ichi chinali kutsogolera woyamba kuonetsetsa kuti Ayuda amenewa pogwirizanitsa mu boma limodzi akulamulira yekha ndi ufumu bwino. Rurik wolamulira sanatero. Koma iye walenga zinthu zonse kukwaniritsidwa kwa maloto ndi chenicheni. Zinali naye anayamba kulengedwa kwa Kievan Lazaro, yomanga mwa izo m'mizinda ikuluikulu, chikusintha miyoyo ya anthu wamba. Lina ndi zoweta Politika Ryurika zambiri. Popeza anayamba mbiri ulemerero wa mtundu wa Rurik - woyamba m'mbiri ya Russian autocrats mafumu.

Moyo Rurik - ndi nkhani ya munthu wamba bwino, mlendo, amene anagwira osati mphamvu, koma anakwanitsa kukanyamula m'manja anu, kulimbitsa chikoka cha boma pa mapu ndale za dzikoli. Ndi kalonga uyu maziko amphamvu ndi olimba mphamvu lero ndi Russian.