Zilembedwe za Tcheyamani Mao Tse-tung. "Ogwidwa": a Chitchaina lomasuliridwa ku Russian

Mao Tszedun - wina wa olamulira mwankhanza koposa, osati China, koma padziko lonse lapansi. Nzosadabwitsa nthawi zambiri kuvala ndime ndi Stalin. Kuwonjezera kutsatira chiphunzitso Marxist-Leninist, iwo ndi ofanana ndi amazipanga okhwima kulamulira dziko. Mu ulamuliro wake, China wakhala kwathunthu lidzasinthidwa Bomali, ndi kusintha anali kutali sabweretsa chisoni. Marxist mfundo ankachitira ndithu akumvera, zimene zinachititsa chakuti Baibulo Chinese wa inali kudziŵika Maoism. Zilembedwe za Tcheyamani Mao Tse-tung, lofalitsidwa mu bukhu pa moyo wake, kupereka chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha khalidwe la wolamulira ndi maganizo ake pa njira chikominisi yokonza dziko.

kuyambira pa msewu

Mao Tszedun anabadwa mu banja la mlimi wolemera mu 1893. Chakale maphunziro Chinese analandira kusukulu. Kenako anatumikira mu ankhondo pa ulimi wa 1911, kenako analembetsa ku koleji kukaphunzira mphunzitsi. Mu 1918, Mao analenga anthu "anthu atsopano." Cholinga chake chinali kupeza njira kusanduliza China. Inali pa nthawi iyi mtsogolo mwa mmodzi wowongolera Great bwino Marxist-Leninist mfundo, anatsimikiza za tsogolo la Mao Zedong ndi dziko lonse.

Zikomo kuti ntchito yake yogwira Mao Tszedun mofulumira kukhala otchuka ndale chithunzi. Mu 1921 anakhala nthumwi mkulu wa Chinese Communist Party, ndipo mu 1923 pafupi ndi mtundu Kuomintang phwando. Ndi gulu ili mu njira yake asanabwere mphamvu ya Mao womangidwa mtima m'malo zotsutsana: pasanapite nthawi iye ndi kusiyana pandale ndi mtsogoleri wake Chan Kay-shek, Mao Tszedun ndipo posakhalitsa unagawanika ku KMT, Pamilunguyo ndi kumanzere mu CCP. Komabe, Japanese nkhondo ya China mu 1936 amakakamizidwa magulu omenyanawa mu nthawi kubwera kwa mawu.

Alandira mphamvu

Pa nkhondo ndi Japan Mao Tszedun chidwi kwambiri linaperekedwa kulimbikitsa maudindo awo andale mwa wamba lapansi. DZIWANI anatsogolera purges pulogalamu, analemba nkhani imene iye anafotokozera za lathu la Baibulo Chinese wa chikominisi pa anthu wamba, osati kalasi m'tawuni ntchito. Ndi mapeto a nkhondo anaima ndi osayanjanitsika ndi Kuomintang. kusiyana achiwawa pakati pa zipani zinachititsa magazi nkhondo yapachiweniweni, imene inatha ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa Kuomintang, iye anathawira ku Taiwan ndi kulengeza mu 1949 wa China.

Mao Tszedun (China): The Way Chimwemwe msewu anamenyedwa wa USSR

United States, anathandiza Chan Kay-shek sanakhulupirire mabwalo watsopano Mao Zedong, mosiyana Soviet Union. Pakati pa maiko awiri yosainidwa mu 1950 pangano la thandizo mwagwirizana ndi ubwenzi. Kukonza, collectivization, ndondomeko zisanu, "andipeze ndi kukupezani" - onse amene anali ndi khalidwe kwa nyengo ya Stalinist kupondereza ku Soviet Union, ndipo tsopano anafika China. Mao Tszedun atamwalira Stalin anakhala otchuka chikominisi mtsogoleri mu dziko, munjira ina iliyonse kulimbikitsa zambiri kukula mwambo mwa umunthu wake. Komabe, pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti malamulo a amakakamizidwa "Great Sangalalani Forward" sapereka zotsatira chogwirika. Wagwa zikuchepa mlingo wa moyo wa anthu wamba, ndi kuchuluka kufufuma, kupanga mabuku anakana. njala mu dzikoli.

Kukwera chikhalidwe

Mu zaka 60, China wakhala mwachangu anayamba kuzunza anthu otsutsa. Malinga ndi chizindikiro anawomberedwa zinyalala chiwembu nkhani Yao Venyunya "The Baibulo latsopano m'mbiri" kuchotsedwa kwa Hai Jui. "Wolemba mbiri China Ghanem mlandu wotsutsa-sosholisimu ndi kudzudzulidwa njira andale a chipani cholamulira. Kenaka anayamba mndandanda wa wamagazi kupondereza Mao amalimbikitsa adalira pa woyamikira kwambiri kwa zoterozo. zolinga omvera - ndi mnyamata mwana, kumene Red Alonda detachments inakhazikitsidwa zikwi za anthu anaphedwa chifukwa cha "Kukwera chikhalidwe", masauzande anathamangitsidwa m'dziko, ngakhale zambiri anathamanga kwambiri .. imelo anawakakamiza kuti adziphe ndipo anali pa nthawi ino pakubwera wotchuka "ogwidwa." - buku limene Mao Tszedun kwathunthu kwambiri limasonyeza malingaliro ake pa makonzedwe a boma, ndi zina.

Achikominisi New Bible

Collection mfundo yofunika kwambiri Mao Zedong wamasulidwa ndi boma mu 1966. makope ake kunali kwakukulu kuti zitha poyerekeza ndi kufalitsa mabuku opatulika - Korani, Baibulo kapena Torah. Kwenikweni, kulambira pafupifupi achipembedzo cha buku lino sikuti kuwalandira, koma anasonyezanso olimbikitsa Mao. The loyamba kumasuliridwa ku Chinese kuti zilembedwe Russian wa wapampando Mao Zedong chidaperekedwa mu 1967. Lili ochokera nkhani ndi malankhulidwe wa mmodzi wowongolera Wamkulu. Ntchito yomasulira Western ntchito ali penapake Eti amatchedwa "Little Red Book" monga ziriri Ambiri mthumba kope - kotero inu nthawi zonse kulinyamula ndi ine. Translation ku Chinese kuti Russian adawomba mwatsatanetsatane zambiri: "Collection ogwidwa Tcheyamani Mao Zedong." Buku anawamasulira ngakhale Chiesperanto.

Zilembedwe za Tcheyamani Mao Tse-tung - misa

Kufufuza izi zosonkhanitsira wapadera zibonga bungwe, ati ngakhale pa maola ogwilira ntchito. Iye akhapidziwa kuti pambuyo ntchito ngati wantchito adzakhala mogwira mtima kupirira maudindo awo. Pa khwerero liri anapachika zithunzi ndi chithunzi cha anthu atagwirana manja mu "ogwidwa". The mtsogoleri kuwerenga bukuli leitmotif anamva mawu awiri - kuphunzira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Izo zinali tikuyivomereza kuphunzira mawu zofunika ndi mtima. Nkhani nyuzipepala anayenera monga nthawi zonse ndibwereze Mao Zedong, ndi kuonetsetsa iwo mu mtima, kuti panalibe munthu kukayika kulikonse kuti olemba awo.

Mawu chidwi kwambiri

Kwenikweni, ogwidwa Mao Zedong bwanji nkhani ya kulimbana ndale pakati sosholisimu ndi bizinesi. Mdani waukulu ufulu anthu ankaona US utsamunda. Kuwatchula kuti pepala nyalugwe, Mao anaitanitsa anthu padziko lonse mogwirizana nkhondo naye. Yokhudza chiphunzitso chakuti za dziko lachitatu nkhondo. Iye angachite momveka bwino kuti ngakhale chilango cha kuthekera inayamba zachipolowe dziko, akachitika, tidzapindula yekha. Ndipotu, pambuyo Soviet Union ndi anthu a anthu 200 miliyoni a World Choyamba anabadwa, pambuyo wachiwiri - lonse zokomera msasa, ndipo izi miliyoni 900. Pambuyo wachitatu, ankaganiza ankabwera ku sosholisimu ambiri padziko lonse.

Komanso mu "ogwidwa" angapezeke ndi mfundo za chikhalidwe kwambiri ambiri, ngakhale cholowa chawo n'chochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi kuukira ndi utsamunda. Mwachitsanzo, chotero nthanthi akufunazo kuti: "akanakhalapo, pali" - ndi rehash wa wotchuka aphorism wa Descartes. Kapena wamasomphenya view kuti mfundo - ndi nkhondo popanda kukhetsa magazi, pamene nkhondo - ndale ndi mwaziwo.
Ambiri, ogwidwa Mao Zedong anapereka mu "kabukhu kakang'ono wofiira", kupereka chithunzi mwachilungamo wathunthu wa munthu wotani anali wamkulu mmodzi wowongolera. Palibe mavumbulutso wapadera simudzandipeza, koma mwina kuchokera zakhala zikuchitika kwa iwo kudzakhala chidwi kuwerenga.