Indian Ocean nyengo. Chidwi mfundo ndi mbali ya Indian Ocean

Wamng'ono ndipo ndi lotentha kwambiri nyanja dziko - ndi Indian. Ambiri mwa madzi ake ali zimaŵetedwa ku Chigawo cha kum'mwera, ndi North, iye kwenikweni amapunthwa mu Africa wa. Chifukwa cha ichi, anthu amaona nyanja yaikulu, umene lagawidwa Magombe ambiri. Indian Ocean nyengo yabwino kwambiri kwa gombe tchuthi. Mu thupi ili lalikulu la madzi ndi mbiri chiwerengero cha zilumba zomwe akhala anasankhidwa ndi alendo padziko lonse. Features ya Indian Ocean nyengo komanso kupanga izo kwambiri chakuya ndi wapadera mu mawu a nyama ndi zomera. Kotero tsopano ife sitikhala ndi zinthu achipongwe, ndi zofunikila tione mbali zonse za thupi lodabwitsa ili la madzi.

kukufikira

Kuthana ndi mavuto ndi mosungiramo magawo kutithandiza madera. Ocean Indian - wachitatu waukulu mu dziko pambuyo Pacific ndi Atlantic. Pamafunika za 20 peresenti ya madzi dziko lapansi. Malo ndi miliyoni 76,17 makilomita lalikulu, ndi buku ukufika 282,65 makilomita kiyubiki. Mfundo kuya kwa nyanja ndi mu Sunda ngalande, ndi kuya kwake ndi mamita 7729. Kuchokera ngodya zonse za m'nyanja dziko nkhawa m'maiko: Kumadzulo lina ili Africa, North - Asia, kum'mawa izo malire ndi Australia, ndi South umalandira kugombe la achisanu Antarctica (ngakhale ena a zamaphunziro amakhulupirira kuti kumeneko anasamukira ku Kumwera Ocean). Makonzedwe amenewa ya Indian Ocean ndi udindo nyengo yake ndi mafunde, ndipo ambiri mwa ansangala.

nkhani

Ku M'badwo wa Apeza Indian Ocean chinaperekedwa kwa anthu monga nyanja ikulu, omwe amatsuka kugombe la dziko. Pa m'mphepete mwake anabadwa woyamba chitukuko dziko, woyamba mzinda-limati. Komanso zombo woyamba ndi maboti mu mbiri ya anthu ndi adatchithisira m'madzi a "nyanja". Kuyambira pamenepo ndi lero Indian Ocean nyengo si kusintha. Popeza chakhala kwa zaka mazana ansangala ndi bata, m'zaka 15 linayamba madzi ake, otchedwa nyengo atulukira lawolawo. Woyamba anali kukula kwa nyanja kufufuza Vasco da Gama, Dzheyms Kuk ankamutsatira ndiponso ena ambiri. Kuphunzira pansi pa thupi ili yaikulu madzi, nyama ndi zomera ake linayamba m'zaka 19. Kwa nthawi yoyamba akatswiri ena anapeza kuti mabungwe madzi ofunda, osati chifukwa nyanja ndi makamaka kotentha. ispolosovannaya mavuto ake pansi kutumphuka anakalipa ziphalaphala. Choncho, mpweya ofunda pamwamba ndi kutentha kwa matanthwe a pansi padziko, mwamphamvu likamatenthetsa madzi, kuwapanga yabwino kwa moyo ndi gombe m'madzi okonda.

Gulfs, nyanja, zilumba

Chochititsa chidwi ndi voluminous mbali ya Indian Ocean - ndi nyanja ake ambiri. Ambiri, iwo amakhala peresenti 15 m'deralo ake madzi ndi ili ku gombe la maiko pafupi komanso pakati pa zilumba angapo. Tsopano ife atchule nyanja onse ndi Magombe kutsogolo. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi Red - kumpoto kwenikweni ndi ambiri mchere. Kenako Mluya Nyanja kapena Persian Gulf, Laccadive Nyanja, Bay la Bengal, Andaman, Timor Nyanja, Arafura Nyanja ndi Gulf of Carpentaria, Great Australian Bight, nyanja Mawson, Davis, Commonwealth ndi chombo. ndalama zoterozo za matupi pafupi madzi chifukwa osati makolokoto coastlines a m'maiko, komanso zilumba. The lalikulu la iwo ndi Madagascar. Pamakhala Zanzibar, Sri Lanka, ndi Philippines, ndi Andaman zilumba za Socotra, Comoros, Mfumu, Seychelles, Maldives ndi ena ambiri.

Geological mbali

Features ya Indian Ocean ndi mtunda ake osiyanasiyana, lomwe ndi pansi pa madzi. Pa madzi ake chifukwa cha unyinji wa zolakwa tectonic, malo ambiri mankhwala mbale lithospheric. Chifukwa ichi, mu madera osiyana a nyanja ali pansi osiyanasiyana amene amakhudza nyengo, ndi mtundu wa madzi, ndi nyama ndi zomera. Pali zigawo zitatu za m'nyanja, osiyana Chrixitu mu dongosolo:

• African gawo. Pali alumali kutchulidwa ndi chokhala otsetsereka. Kudzera pansi izi makamaka mosabisa, pali chabe mapiri. Kuchoka gombe pali wakale m'madzi mapiri, ambiri zomwe zikuonetsa kudzera pamwamba mu mawonekedwe a mapiri zinatha ndipo inamera miyala yamtengo wapatali. Wotchuka wa iwo - Seychelles.
• M'mayiko a Australia gawo. Mu gawo ili, shelufu ndi yopapatiza ndipo lili pafupi ndi gombe la Asia ndipo ali otsetsereka phompho. gawo ili la nyanja ya yaikulu, ndipo wapangidwa ndi ranges ambiri, ndi okwera ndi matendawa, anapereka mu mawonekedwe a cones. Ena mwa iwo kusonyeza kudzera pamwamba, n'kupanga Island chokhala (Khirisimasi Island).
• Antarctic gawo. M'bali a mu ozizira pa nyanja dziko ndi odulidwa maphompho kudzera amene otaya mitsinje madzi mobisa a Antarctica. Near kugombe la Africa ndi ku dzenje lakuya, amene ukusandulika chigwa chachikulu

Nyengo woyendera nthambi ya posungira

Pofuna molondola kwambiri kumvetsa nkhani imeneyi, tiyenera mapu ya Indian Ocean. Kuchokera pa deta yake, ife kuona kuti anthu ambiri m'dera madzi ndi mu Chigawo cha kum'mwera. Mu North, nyanja lachitatu waukulu imagwera okha otentha ndi lamba boma yamphamvu. Ndiye izo mitanda mzere kwa dziko - zoni yotentha dzikoli. Kum'mwera Chigawo nyanja lagawidwa m'zigawo boma kunyanja, otentha, subtropical, kotentha ndi boma linakwanitsa ndi Antarctic. Tikumbukenso kuti, kuyambira ndi malo zolimbitsa zachilengedwe, malo nyanja makamaka yafupika. m'madziwa conventionally amatchedwa mphete okhudza Antarctica. Iwo ali onse wotchuka chifukwa mafunde ozizira, ndipo ngakhale chisanu.

kotentha kumpoto

Tiyamba kuganizira nyengo ya Indian Ocean a m'dera limeneli zachilengedwe, amenenso kwambiri anachezeredwa ndi alendo. Inkakhala ku gombe la nyanja ya Perisiya kumadzulo, Nyanja Andaman kummawa, komanso madera onse ozungulira. Kudera limeneli dera tingachipeze powerenga za chakum'mawa kwa. Mu nthawi yozizira, ndi liwiro zolimbitsa, kotero m'deralo pafupifupi nthawi zonse wopanda mitambo ndi youma. M'chaka cha mphamvu ukuwonjezeka awo, mwakuti nthawi zambiri sikuti kuli yamvumbi, koma mphepo yamkuntho. Tikumbukenso kuti mbali ya Indian Ocean ndi nyengo iyi bodza m'dera chakuti mbali ya kumadzulo drier kwambiri ndi mchere wambiri kum'mawa. Apa adzauka mbiri mkulu kutentha (32-34 madigiri Celsius), ndi mmene madontho 500 okha mamilimita mvula. Mu kum'mawa kwa dera M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri nkhani ya mvula, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, nchifukwa chake matupi ambiri a amenewa madzi amachepetsa.

yamphamvu zone

Equator - ndi ufulu waukulu, kukuchitika pamodzi Indian Ocean. Photos nthawi zambiri nkhani timabuku zosiyanasiyana alendo anapangidwa dera limeneli, ndipo tsopano tikuona chifukwa chake. Choyamba, m'dera limeneli ndi zobiriwira kwambiri zomera, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka yaikulu mvula - mpaka 4000 mm. Kachiwiri, pafupi equator ndi waukulu zikuluzikulu zitunda kuti apange mpumulo wake. Pali zilumba zimenezi zili ambiri atazungulira mathamandawa buluu, - mmene "otentha paradise". Cacikulu, nyanja ya Indian Ocean, nyengo mu zone kunyanja nthawi zambiri wetter kuposa mu kotentha, koma ndi wolimba kwambiri. Palibe lakuthwa kusintha nyengo kutentha ndi chinyezi, koma yamvula akadali zimachitika kawirikawiri.

kotentha kum'mwera

Poganizira peculiarities ya Indian Ocean, sikutheka kuiwala izi zone nyengo. Amaona kwambiri omasuka ndiponso pa nthawi yomweyo, yaikulu. Apa kulamulira mphepo ya mwera, amene nakweza m'nyengo yozizira, nthawi zina kupanga mphepo, ndi sagging m'chilimwe. Zima m'dera lino chimakhala cha May kuti September ndi nthawi imeneyi nyanja kupita kwambiri kwa Mitambo. Apa imagwera kuchuluka yaikulu mvula - mpaka 1500 mm, nthawi zambiri chifunga. M'chaka (December-March), pali youma kwambiri. Chinyezi ndi adatchithisira 300 mm, mphepo umatsika, kumatha mitambo ndi fogs. m'nyengo yozizira kutentha mpweya ndi za 20 madigiri Celsius, pamene m'chilimwe limatuluka 25.

Wongolerani kum'mwera lamba

Kuti mudziŵe zambiri za zone nyengo, ife kachiwiri muyenera mapu ya Indian Ocean. Nkofunika kuti panafika Kudulidwa Kwamalile A Malo m'madera madzi. Malinga ndi chiwembu munakwanisa kuona kuti mu zone kotentha ya Indian Ocean ndi gawo la mphete kuti ili pafupi Antarctica. Apa izo zikugwirizana ndi Pacific Ocean kum'mawa ndi Atlantic kumadzulo. Dera unkagwiritsidwa lakuthwa kusintha nyengo kutentha. Motero, m'nyengo yozizira iwo akutsikira madigiri 10 kapena 15 pansi pa ziro, ndi chilimwe limatuluka digiri 10-15 Celsius. Dera limeneli wotchuka chifukwa kukakamiza otsika mumlengalenga, chifukwa pali nthawi kufunga fogs ndi mitambo. Zima kumadzulo mphepo kubweretsa zowononga mvula, kuchititsa mafunde. M'chaka pali ndi dzuwa ndi bata.

subantarctic lamba

Tanena munanena kuti Indian Ocean - ndi gawo otchulidwa wa zone madzi dziko ya dzuwa lopitirira ndi chilimwe. Apa, nthawi iliyonse chaka mungasangalale mafunde ofunda, mchenga otentha ndipo sunbathe tsiku lililonse. Tsopano tiona mmene ozizira kungakhale Indian Ocean. Photo ndi madzi, amene kugona pafupi Antarctica, zikusonyeza achisanu seascape. Pano chaka chonse akuyandama namkholowa, madzi ozizira zapatsidwa kwa mandala ku ungwiro wake buluu, mpweya ladzala ndi Mpweya umene. M'nyengo yozizira, ku nyanja ya Indian Ocean zone boma kumalo ozizira amaundana madzi amenewa mlingo limatuluka kuti 34%. Chilimwe kusungunuka oundana, umene amchere amachepetsa kuti 32% mu madzi. m'nyengo yozizira kutentha mpweya ndi za 30 madigiri pansi pa ziro, pamene m'chilimwe yekha limatuluka digiri 2-3 Celsius.

zigawo kumalo ozizira

yopapatiza, zodabwitsa ndi zachilendo gawo ya Indian Ocean - Mzere m'mphepete mwa nyanja pafupi Antarctica. m'lifupi zimasiyanasiyana 50 100 Km, ndi m'dera lonse kuwundana wosatha, umene konse kusungunula. Maonekedwe a pachilumbachi ndi Indian Ocean, choyamba, pamaso pa namkholowa ambiri. Iwo kusungunula, kokha kutenga M'madera a zitunda otentha. Mwanyanja ngati osati chifukwa cha nyanja ndi kumalo ndi kwina kuno. Pamaso mabanki ayezi wosatha pansi pa nyanja ya Indian Ocean ndi chimphona dzenje, wodzala ndi madzi zinyalala ndi kuwundana chokhala ndi kusungunula m'chilimwe. Pamwamba ziro kutentha ndiye sasefukira nthawi. Chamvula pafupifupi kwina, kuyambira mpweya pazipita akatulutsidwa, ndi zoipazi yafupika malire.

Polongosola mwachidule

Only kuti ife mwachidule ankaona nkhani Maphunzirowa Geography, kalasi 7. Indian Ocean, pa dzanja limodzi, zosavuta kuphunzira. Ndi kakang'ono m'gawo lake, ambiri a iwo imagwera pa M'madera a zitunda yotentha, ndiponso chifukwa madzi ambiri otentha. Zambiri zovuta ndi nthaka yake. Asayansi dziwani kuti nyanja uyu wa zolengedwa zonse za padziko lapansili ndi wamng'ono, kotero njira chiphala kuti zidzachitika mu wosanjikiza madzi ake, silinakwaniritsidwe kutsazikana. Pachifukwa chomwechi pali zilumba zambiri moti anatuluka mapiri, inamera miyala yamtengo wapatali. Ambiri kuwaona monga malo aakulu kumasuka, koma kwenikweni m'dera lililonse ngati ndi seismically wosakhazikika ndi woopsa.