Andrei Platonov: yonena ndi ntchito

Wotchuka wolemba Andrey Platonovich Platonov anabadwa mu mzinda wa Voronezh August 20, 1899 (tsiku lobadwa lake pachikhalidwe kumakumbukulidwa pa 1 September pa kalendala ya Gregory). Platonov - ndi dzina lakuti linachokera ku dzina la atate wake, ndi dzina lenileni la wolemba - Klimentov.

Ndi nthawi kuti ayese

A ubwana kovuta ndi zovuta - izo nzosiyana ku olemba ena nyengo, Andrei Platonov.

yonena Ake zigwirizana yekha wa mfundo zambiri zochititsa chidwi ndi zochitika pa chifukwa chakuti moyo wake sanasangalale ndi lonse litadzala ndi mavuto zomvetsa. Iye anali mwayi osati kulowa mumsasa, koma ichi iye anataya moyo wake wa mwana wake.

nyumba makolo '

Andrei Rakhmanov anabadwa mu banja la njanji makaniko ndi wamkazi mawotchi a. Iye anali mwana wamkulu, pambuyo pake akutiakuti anaonekera abale ndi alongo Platonov kulondera monga iye akanathera 9. Choyamba, wolemba kusukulu parishi ku mpingo, koma zaka 15 waponya zonse ndipo anapita kukagwira ntchito wothandizila m'banja analibe mokwanira ndi makolo zinali zovuta kwambiri kudyetsa ana awo. Malinga ndi wolemba, anasintha kwambiri malo, kuyambira wantchito mpaka makaniko, monga bambo wake anali silamphamvu kusunga nyumba, mkazi wake ndi ana 10. Plato ankakhulupirira kuti ndi udindo wake kuthandiza munjira ina iliyonse makolo awo.

Education ndi Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni

Mu 1918, Platonov akubwera kuphunzira mu mzinda wa Voronezh Phunzitsani Polytechnic, kumene anaphunzitsidwa ndi chimwene, kuyambira wamng'ono, ali kuyandikana kwa zimagwirira. Komabe, chifukwa zisinthe anachedwa maphunziro ake mpaka 1921. chaka A pambuyo polandirira msonkho Platonov anadzipereka kwa Civil nkhondo, kumene anamenyana pa mbali ya Red Army.

Ngakhale mu nthawi zovuta za nkhondo Plato masamba njira kulenga ndi ntchito monga nkhondo mtolankhani. Zinali nthawi limayamba mapangidwe ake ngati wolemba buku lino. Pali essays choyamba, nkhani m'nyuzipepala m'dera ndi ndakatulo, wolemba amene akukhala tsogolo wotchuka wolemba Andrei Platonov. Wambiri mwa iye monga munthu wa kulenga akhoza bwinobwino kuyamba ndi mfundo imeneyi.

ntchito

Nkhondo itatha, Andrei Platonov anabwerera kwawo ku Voronezh, ndipo akupitiriza kuphunzira pa Institute Polytechnic, ndiyeno bwinobwino kumtunda ntchito bwino. Ntchito yake zolembalemba iye Chili ndi ntchito yopitilira kuti sakutero katundu izo.

Mkazi ndi mwana

Mu 1922, Andrei Platonov kukwatira mphunzitsi kumidzi amene amaganiziranso ntchito zake awiri - ". Mphunzitsi Sandy" "Epifanskie nkhani" ndipo Mu chaka chomwecho, ali ndi mwana Plato. Komabe, tsoka mu sitolo zinthu zoipa kwambiri wolembayo.

Andrei Platonov: yonena ndi ntchito kwa achinyamata

Kuyambira ali ndi zaka 12, Andrew Platonovich mwachangu analemba ndakatulo, zimene zikusonyeza chikhalidwe chake kulenga. Pamene wolemba akutembenukira 22, lofalitsidwa buku lake loyamba "Electrification", wopangidwa mwa essays. Mu izo, akuyerekeza ndondomeko izi ndi zinthu zisinthe.

Buku lachiwiri ndi kusonkhanitsa ndakatulo "Blue kuzama". Ngakhale ndakatulo ambiri olembedwa, dzina Andreya Platonova akadali kugwirizana kwambiri ndi ntchito prose. Mmodzi wa iwo akukhala Works "Epifanskie nkhani", womwenso nyuzipepala ndi magazini nkhani zonse kale lofalitsidwa.

anali ndani Andrei Platonov kuti m'nthawi yake? Wambiri limasonyeza kuti maganizo a wolemba anali osokoneza. Poyamba, onse utoto ntchito Platonov anatilola ndi kuthandizidwa. Ngakhale limakhulupirira Gorky taonera talente kwambiri Andrew Platonovich ndi poyerekeza kalembedwe kulemba ntchito ndi Gogol. Iye analangiza motsindika Plato pa sewero lanthabwala. Komabe, kunja kwa cholembera wolemba anafika chabe ntchito ochepa polemba chinenero ichi.

olosera Kenako mwadzidzidzi akasiya Platonov. Pambuyo ndemanga zoipa Stalin kufufuza amakana ntchito ya wolemba. Wolemba ndi banja lake moyo ku dzanja pakamwa. Athandizeni kukhala ndi anzanu ochepa okhulupirika.

Imodzi mwa ntchito wotchuka lolembedwa ndi wolemba, ndi nkhani "Chevengur" ndi "dzenje", umene moyo wolembayo sanapeze kuzindikira ndi zinatuluka pambuyo pa imfa yake.

Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Mu 1942, Platonov kachiwiri amapita kutsogolo. Izi ndi nkhondo yachiwiri, chimene iye ali nawo. Pali anagwira ntchito makalata mu nyuzipepala asilikali.

Kenako mu 1946, demobilized ndipo mutu wake kumizidwa olembedwawo. Nthawi imeneyi anafalitsa zosonkhanitsira ake atatu ndi imodzi mwa nkhani wotchuka kwambiri yochepa - "Kubweranso". Komabe, mlandu kachiwiri imagwera pa wolemba ndi ntchito zake kachiwiri mabasi yosindikiza.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Platonov anakhala mu mkhalidwe umphawi wadzaoneni. Kuyambira kusakhulupirirka wolemba amatanthauza kufalitsa nkhani Russian ndi Bashkir wowerengeka. Izi zimathandiza kuti mwanjira apeze zosoŵa zawo.

tsoka

Andrei Platonov, kanthawi yonena kuti - umboni khamu la wadutsamo, koma konse adampereka yekha. Ngakhale mavuto ndi mazunzo ndi maulamuliro, maganizo ake kukhala sichinasinthe. Black lamizeremizere moyo wolemba inayamba nthawi imeneyi pamene kwa cholembera chake anabwera nkhani "mu sitolo", limene anadzudzula yomanga losonkhanitsidwa. Alexander Fadeyev, monga mkonzi wamkulu wa magazini "Red Virgin Nthaka", anatenga chiopsezo ndi lofalitsidwa ntchito imeneyi. Nkhani ali m'manja mwa Stalin ndipo anapangitsa anthuwo kuvutika. Fadeev, pozindikira zimene chinayang'ana, mwamsanga anasintha mfundo yake ya view ndipo analemba nkhani revelatory zimene mdani wa anthu anali kuimiriridwa ndi Andrei Platonov. Wambiri ya wolemba ladzala ndi zinsinsi zambiri, omwe anakhala bwino pambuyo pa imfa yake.

Chivumbulutso a m'nthawi yake bwino zimene Fadeyev munthu amene asokoneza moyo Platonov. Adaluza iye nkhani zoterozo okhutira kulephera kulisindikiza. Komanso, Fadeyev anatsindika malo onse amene akanakhoza kenako kutsogolera msanga Stalin ankati kwa makina izo. Komabe, zonse kunapezeka sizitero. Pamene inu kusindikiza magazini maganizo onse mzere kunsi molimba mtima motere kuika pa desiki Stalin. Zimene Nthawi yomweyo. Fadeev anakwanitsa kukhala mu malo ake, koma zipsera wolemba Andrei Platonov ali unatha. Mwachidule yonena limanena kuti wolemba sanali kukhudzidwa, koma anatumidwa msasa wa mwana wake yekhayo ndi okondedwa a mukubwadamuka odana Soviet. Mosavuta yekha ndi abwenzi ena otchuka wa banja, Plato atabwerera kunyumba, mwatsoka, kale kudwala TB. Iye anafa mu mikono ya bambo ake.

Akukhulupirira kuti mwana wa Platonov kudwala matenda oopsa a m'mapapo. Izi zinachitika chifukwa wolemba, ngati mtundu wina wa kuona zilubwelubwe, nampsompsona mnyamata pa milomo.

Mu 1951 mu Moscow, Andrei Platonov anafa. Kwa nthawi yaitali pambuyo pa imfa yake, mkazi wake wokondedwa m'njira iliyonse anayesa kusunga cholowa anachoka nawo moyo. Ndi kuthokoza kwa iye, ife limapanga ntchito zina. Atamwalira mkazi wake nkhawa onse anagwera pa mapewa a mwana wamkazi Platonov a Mary. Iwo woyenera athane ndi yovuta kutsogolo kwake ndi kusunga ntchito yaulere ya wolemba.

Wolemba, mkazi wake, mwana wamkazi, amene anamwalira mu 2005, ali pafupi kwambiri, pansi pa chipilala chomwecho.

Andrei Platonov: yonena (chidule) kalembedwe ndi mbali

Pa maphunziro mabuku sukulu zamakono kuphunzira mbiri wolemba zimaperekedwa avareji phunziro limodzi. Komabe, kuti akukumbatirana ndi kuzindikira zinthu zonse za moyo Platonov si zokwanira mlungu. Pa dzanja limodzi, bambo wamphamvu wachikondi ndi mwamuna, ndi zina - pansi ndi kwenikweni kuona choonadi chonse cha anthu moyo - ndicho chimene anali wolemba Andrei Platonov. yonena wake kuliganizira wapadera, nkofunika kwa kumvetsa mwatsatanetsatane ndi malowedwe mu akamanena za, chibadidwe ntchito zake. kalembedwe Plato bwino yodziwika ndi roughness kwake kokha mawu ake, chikhalidwe wapadera tsiku lililonse, nthawi zina yotopetsa, koma ndi ntchito yofunika ya moyo munthu wogwira ntchito ku mogwirizana mosalekeza ndi luso ndi chilengedwe.

Chidwi moyo wolembayo

Platonov, mapangidwe amene anali kutali kwambiri ndi kulemba kulenga Komabe mwachangu ophatikizana onse a zizolowezi zimenezi. Ndi ndi chimwene kupita ku ntchito tsiku lililonse, chifukwa iye ankaganiza kuti ntchito ndi yofunika kuti aliyense nthawi yomweyo osati kuiwala za tsogolo lake kulenga.

Kodi anali munthu wotani wolemba Andrei Platonov, mbiri, zosangalatsa za moyo wake - zonse zimene tsopano akhoza kupeza wowerenga chidwi pa ntchito yake. Ndi chisoni kuti zinthu zinali zosiyana kwambiri mu nthawi ya Soviet Union.

Kuphunzira ntchito wolemba kusukulu

Ankadziwa ntchito Andreya Platonova akuyamba kalasi yachitatu kuphunzira za Moyo wake ndi ntchito. Ndi panthawi imeneyi ya ana awo maphunziro oyamba kumva dzina la wolemba. Wambiri Andreya Platonova kwa makalasi 3 bwino ananena mu mabuku onse maphunziro mabuku, ndi sukulu sikovuta kuphunzira.

Mu kalasi chachisanu, ophunzira anayamba kuwerenga nkhani Russian wowerengeka retold Platonov. ana kukonda polemba chinenero ichi, kotero kuti ali okonzeka kupitiriza kuphunzira ntchito yake. Pamaso kumasuka zosonkhanitsira wake, Platonov panokha kukumana ndi ofalitsa okha, choncho nkhaniyi ndi chikondi chachikulu ndi chisamaliro ndi njira.

Chotsatira ndi kuwerenga chikondi "Magic mphete". Ndi nthano wolemba wake.

Pamaso pa ophunzira limapezeka chosiyana Andrei Platonov. Short yonena olembedwa ana popanda younikira lonse nkhanza choonadi cha moyo wake. Iye sali mu chifanizo woneneza imvi zenizeni ndi chithunzi cha wongonena wabwino.

Mu sitandade sikisi, ana tikuuzidwa kuti nkhani Andreya Platonova "Cow". Iwo ali kwambiri ndi akatswiri khalidwe labwino, zomwe ndi zovuta kumvetsa popanda thandizo la aphunzitsi a graders chimodzi. Choncho, phunziro la ntchito izi zikuchitika mu magawo angapo, zimene zimathandiza wophunzirayo kupeza mbali yatsopano osadziwika la wolemba.

Pamaso pa ophunzira chiwiri kalasi ndi ntchito ngakhale kovuta - kumvetsa, n'kumamva nkhani Andreya Platonova "Juska." Mu ntchito iyi wolemba imasonyeza mtima wake ndi moyo. The lingaliro lalikulu la nkhaniyi - kufunika kwa chikondi ndi kukoma mtima kwa umunthu.

Ndi chiyambi chabe cha ophunzira 10 kalasi ndi mwayi kuti Atakula kuti aone ndani Andrei Platonov. Wambiri ana a m'badwo uno anauyamba mawonekedwe chimene kwenikweni alipo. Patsogolo pa ophunzira akusekondale akupereka analemba nzika. Ana pa m'badwo uno - munthuyo unakhazikitsidwa kale, kotero iwo akhoza kumvetsa zimene anali Andrei Platonov, kuti akuzunzidwa, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani.