Books za nkhondo kwa ana: mndandanda wa bwino

The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndi zochitika unawonongedwa kwathunthu kumatanthauza chikhalidwe, ndi njira ya moyo wa anthu Soviet. Izi makamaka zimaonekera pa maphunziro a ana ndi achinyamata, ndipo si udindo lomaliza m'magazini ino ankaimba buku za nkhondo kwa ana. Kukambirana mmene kuphunzitsa bwino achinyamata, anayamba kale kwambiri - nkhondo isanayambe, pamene wolemba anali amawanena kuti chizolowezi chikondi choyera ndipo ankatsutsana ganizo la kukongola sangakhale chabe. Books za ana nkhondo akhala mfundo zofunika za nthawi, nkhani ya ili m'gulu la chikondi mu mawonekedwe a zochita nkhondo, ntchito anachitira pamene walakwa chifukwa cha anthu - ndi amakhalidwe abwino uthenga pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa munthu Soviet. Ndipo nthawi imeneyi mwakhama umaonekera mabuku za nkhondo kwa ana. Ntchito yake, olemba ntchito chiphunzitso yaikulu ndi zilandiridwenso kuti abwere achinyamata choonadi za kudzipereka kwa anthu amene anatsogolera dziko ku nkhondo ndipo anagwira ntchito kumbuyo. Ndipotu, achinyamata komanso ana ndiye anayimira makina m'malo akulu amene anapita kunkhondo. Patapita kanthawi, kunali anthu ambiri mabuku za nkhondo kwa ana, m'masamba kuti ndikuuzeni ana a Regiment, ndi partisans wamng'ono ndi ozimitsa mobisa, amene ali nawo mwachindunji ku Nkhondo ya ana ndi achinyamata.

Lofalitsidwa panthawi ya nkhondo

Zimene zikuchitika ku dziko kunali kovuta, koma za analeredwa moyenera opatsa chisamaliro. Anapitiriza kulankhula periodicals ndi mabuku za ana a nkhondo. Lembani wautali kwambiri. Koma utolankhani Ambiri ankaimira - ndi propaganda ndakatulo, satires, essays. Sergei Mikhalkov pa chiyambi cha nkhondo ya kale buku za nkhondo kwa ana, amene anafotokoza cholinga tanthauzo la counteraction kuti Fascism ndi kupanga fano otchuka pakati pa anthu athu, amene akumenyana chifukwa cha basi. Izi "Zoona nkhani ana", ndipo pambuyo kuboola moyo wa ndakatulo "anthu khumiwo", limene limafotokoza wamasiye mnyamata kudutsa pa malire awo anagonjetsedwa ndi mdani, ndipo kulekerera kulandidwa zoopsa. Ndipo ndithudi, Mikhalkov anabwerera ankakonda ngwazi za ana - ndi postman ( "Post nkhondo"). Anaŵerenganso lero mabuku awa ana 4 kalasi nkhondo. mndandanda uli kale kwambiri, zomwe, kuwonjezera ntchito ndi Mikhalkov, mulinso mabuku bwino Alekseeva, Dragoon, Kassil, Korol'kova, Kataev ndi ena ambiri. kutengerapo onse sizingatheke, koma enanso amene afunikira, ndiponso pa ena a iwo.

andakatulo ambiri analenga zithunzi za ana zimene zichita nkhondo pa wakumanitsa mwana, iwo akudwala, iwo amafa shelling ndi njala. Zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za chilengedwe ndakatulo, ngakhale izi "imfa" Mutu, nthawi yomweyo mphamvu zambiri kukangana zizindikiro za moyo, amene kuyesera kuti ayiwononge nkhondo. Mwachitsanzo, mu vesi mu 1942 amatchula anatseka misewu ya ana Leningrad Anna Akhmatova anali wotsimikizika kwambiri oyambirira moyo wake otsimikiza ( "Memory Wali"). Images ana obwezera pamenepo kuyambira nkhondo inayamba ndi vesi ndi prose. Apa zitsanzo zabwino adzakhala ndi mabuku awo za ana a nkhondo, mndandanda umene unali ndendende wowerenga akumufuna. Mwachitsanzo, ndakatulo, limene kwa zaka zambiri pambuyo pa nkhondo ankadziwa ndi mtima pafupifupi onse ana Soviet - "Partizan" Zoi Aleksandrovoy, wolembedwa mu 1944, pamene tikulankhula za mnyamata amene anakhala ndi zigaŵenga zankhondo kuti ndibwezera mayi akufa. Ndipo lero, pambuyo pa zaka zambiri, muli kuwerenga mabuku za ana a nkhondo.

grade 4

Mndandanda wa ntchito kalasi wachinayi alipo mu Mabaibulo ambiri, ndi zili zosiyana. Laibulale ya dziko unachitikira zochitika zapadera kwa ana asukulu, pamene ali anawerenga mokweza mabuku bwino za nkhondo, ndipo ngakhale chidutswa lonse. Ndipo koyamba kukambirana yoyambirira, ndipo pambuyo kuwerenga - kukambirana za mafunso Werengani ndi mayankho. Ife tonse, monga makolo, kuwerenga mabuku za ana nkhondo. Ndipo kuti atsogolere ntchito imeneyi, laibulale lililonse ana ndi chitsanzo cha mndandanda wa ntchito za luso limene lidzawathandize ndi chidwi kwa achinyamata. Kumene, buku la nkhondo kwa ana zosiyana, ndi chifukwa aliyense mndandanda ndi zokhazikidwa, osati m'modzi wa iwo sangakhale kwathunthu zonse.

Koma Mulimonsemo, munthu wamng'ono ayenera kumvetsa zimene kupatsidwa kapena buku lina. Choncho, ngakhale mu kuwerenga kwathu ndi bwino kuyamba ndi kucheza koyambirira. Tikumbukenso kuti Buku za nkhondo ana 3 makalasi nawonso ntchito. Choyamba muyenera kudziwa mmene mwanayo wokonzeka kuwerenga izi zigwirira ntchito. Wina ali kufunsa, mtundu wa holide timakondwerera chinayi wa May, ngati iye amadziwa pamene nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itayamba, pamene izo zinatha ndi utali zapitazo zinali. Kenaka funsani mafunso ovuta kwambiri: chifukwa nkhondo Dziko ndi Wamkulu, n'chifukwa chiyani akukumbukirabe za izo? Ndipo chinthu china: chifukwa ife anapambana? Mayankho a mafunso zidzakhala Zimene ntchito bwino kuyamba kuwerenga.

mndandanda

Books pa mutu wakuti "Ana ndi nkhondo":

1. SP Alekseev: "maina Wamphamvu," "nkhani akazembe ndi," "ankanena Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo."

2. J. Brown: "Utah Bondarevskaya".

3. L. F. Voronkova: "Mtsikana mumzindawu."

4. V. Yu Dragunsky:. "Vembe kanjira".

5. L. A. Kassil: "Mwana wanga wokondedwa," "podziteteza", "The nkhani ya kusowa", "flammable katundu", "Bolodi", "Volodya Dubinin," ndi "Street wa Mwana Wamng'ono" (m'mabuku awiriwa olembedwa mogwirizana ndi LM Polyanovskiy), "Cheremysh -. m'bale wa ngwazi za"

6. Valentin Kataev "Mwana wa Regiment lapansi."

7. Yu Korol'kov apainiya ngwazi: Vale Kotik, Zina Portnova, Lena Golikova, Marat Kazee ndi ena.

8. B. Lavrenev "Scout mmene kanyamaka".

9. A. Mityaev: "John ndi Fritz," "Tengelelani Alonda", "Mahatchi", "khungu usiku", "Nosov ndi Naze," "oatmeal Thumba", "kwa ndolo bulu", "maola anayi Kupumako" "Timothy Besprazdnichny", "ofunda" chinenero "," "The chimodzi - chosakwanira", "Triangular kalata".

10. N. A. Nadezhdina: "olimbanawo Lara".

11. V. A. Oseeva "Vasek Trubachev ndi anzake."

12. K. G. Paustovsky: "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha rhinoceros kachilomboka."

13. Konstantin Simonov: "Mwana wa gunner lapansi."

14. AA Sokolovsky: "Valery Volkov."

15. E. I. Suvorina: "Vitya Korobkov".

16. I. Turchinin "kwambiri nkhani".

17. Yu Ya Yakovlev: "atsikana ku Vasilyevsky Island," "Mmene Sergei anapita kunkhondo," "kumene batire anali."

Chidule

mabuku ana yabwino yonena za nkhondo nthawi zonse kudzakuthandizani aphunzitsi kukula mthandizi kwenikweni kwa akulu mu zochitika zonse, moyo umene opambana, kuphatikizapo inhumanly zoopsa. Chinthu chachikulu - kuti wolemba weniweni nthawi zonse limasonyeza kuti udindo molimba tsoka ana ni wa akulu, akuluakulu - mtundu, wanzeru ndiponso wamphamvu. Izi zafotokozedwa mu nkhani Valentin Kataev, limene linatuluka mu 1944. Iwo amatchedwa "Mwana wa Regiment lapansi." Ndipo zimene wokongola ndakatulo zinalembedwa zokhudza achinyamata ogwira ntchito za kutsogolo kwanu: "A wamba ndi msomali" Sergei Mikhalkov, za ana ku sukulu remeselennyh pa zomera chitetezo mu Urals Agnes Barto ndi enanso ambiri. Mu prose, zokongola ili olembedwa Leonid Panteleyev. Lev Kassil nkhani makamaka kuoneka bwino kusiyana kwa makhalidwe abwino auzimu a zilembo wake ndi awo yakuthupi kotheratu "ang'ono". Mu zaka lonse itatha zinalembedwa mabuku ambiri onena za nkhondo ana pulayimale. Kuphatikizapo momwe ngakhale ana nawo kubwezeretsa chuma, kuti m'mabwinja a nkhondo anawonongedwa. Tonga mitu mu nthawi imeneyi ndi sukulu, banja, ntchito, kumene nkhondo wadutsa panopa chizindikiro chake.

Izo zinali ndiye analenga ntchito kwambiri yokhudza luso ndi anthu amene anachita nawo nkhondo. Buku ili pafupi Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo kwa ana a Alexander Matrosov wolemba P. Zhurba, ndi "kutalika Chachinayi" pa Elena Ilina Gulya Koroleva, bukuli za Volodya Dubinin Kassil ndi Polyanovskiy ndipo potsiriza, ndi buku la achinyamata za Young Alexander Fadeev - "Young Alonda ". Izi si ndandanda, amene wapereka mabuku bwino ana za nkhondo ya 1941-1945. Kale odziwika bwino pa nthawi imene olemba anapereka ntchito zawo latsopano owerenga wamng'ono. Iwo Oseeva, Musatov ( "Stozhary"), Calma ( "Ana a Paradaiso mpiru"), Kaverin ( "atsogoleri awiri" - gawo lachiwiri), Fraerman Schwartz, Karnauhova ndi ena ambiri. Nkhondo anapereka mitundu yatsopano ya m'nkhaniyi, choncho mitu miyambo anali chisankho china.

Valentine Oseeva

Valentina Aleksandrovna Oseeva anapitiriza prose wake malangizo a Kuzindikira, kukhala wotsatira wa mwambo luso Ushinsky ndi Tolstoy. Iye ali pamwamba pa chidutswa chilichonse kuika nkhani zokhudza makhalidwe abwino ndi za chikumbumtima, ndipo aliyense wa mzere wake amayenera kukhala makamaka njira maphunziro. Makamaka zabwino ndi mabuku ake za nkhondo ana zaka 10-12. anthu Little kuwerenga kale kugwiritsa malamulo abwino ndi zolakwika kwa izo. Kawirikawiri protagonist wachita misdemeanor, ndi kulakwitsa abwino. moyo wotsatira zimamuthandiza phunziro, ndi kuzindikira amabwera kupyolera m'machita chopweteka. Komabe, akuluakulu kwambiri ndi kwambiri kuwerenga. Nkhondo isanayambe, Valentina analankhula mabuku sukulu ana ndi sukulu ya pulayimale, komanso chogwidwa ndi mutu wa mapangidwe abwino, anapatsidwa maphunziro abwino. N'chifukwa chake nkhani yake yochepa sindinayambe ankanyamula katundu mwangwiro maganizo. Izi ndi njira "matsenga Mau" "comrades atatu", "Pa rink," ndipo ena. The yochepa nkhani makamaka zofunika kulemba luso - kudzera mwa mawu a kuwasankha okha kusiya kuganiza za oyera ndi ojijirika kamvekedwe, kuwonjezera, ayenera kumanga nkhani, kusankha mkangano. Valentine Oseeva kuyamika makhalidwe amenewa kuchokera anthologies sukulu chodziwikiratu kuti azipita nthawi.

Zithunzi anatenga pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa atsikana ndi anyamata, kukakamiza kuti zonse poyera kumvetsetsa ena ndiponso zochita zawo, makamaka gawo lawo labwino. Buku ili owerenga ndi ngwazi akuyamba kumvetsetsa malamulo amenewa, omwe ali achilendo kwa moyo wabwinobwino wa munthu ndi dziko. Wolemba sizikupanga zochotsera pa zaka, ndi ana mu nkhani iye akuwonekera makhalidwe wamkulu mwamtheradi: chipongwe, madano, kuuma mtima, kudzikonda ndi tcheru, kuona mtima, kukoma mtima, chikondi kwa mnansi wako, chifukwa Mama. nkhani ake za ana amene anali kupirira mavuto a nkhondo - ntchito kwenikweni bwino nkhani imeneyi ndipo pa milingo chapamwamba mu zoweta mabuku ana. Pali onse kwambiri zofunika: chithunzi chenicheni cha chikhalidwe cha nthawi, makhalidwe anthu. Nkhani kamvekedwe ansangala ndiponso kumukhulupirira. mikangano yonse lotha - chapansipansi, ndipo pansi - nthawizonse nkhondo ndi ana, nkhondo ndi mtendere Wamkulu Kukangana.

insaikulopediya

Ana ektsiklopedii lofalitsidwa lero - khalidwe mabuku okongola, koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti ali kwathunthu transferable, choncho kuunikila siteji mbiri ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World osati tsankho. Kuzindikira ngati mabuku zopelekedwa - zikutanthauza kuchimwira choonadi. Choncho, imafuna makolo, akugula laibulale kunyumba m'mabuku ana zoweta za nkhondo ya 1941-1945. Iwo osachepera adzalembedwa kulankhula mbadwa ndi zolondola, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - kudzakuthandizani zomuchotsera ulemu anthu mu kukumbukira zakale za chiyambi cha dziko kuti munthu ntchito zofunika kwambiri. Zaka zambiri zadutsa chichitikireni mayesero zoopsa chifukwa cha anthu athu, ndi zipatso za maphunziro a m'zaka za posachedwapa zina osati ogwetsa.

kangati masiku ano anthu chidwi ndi tsogolo la boma lomwe iwo anabadwa ndi moyo. M'pofunika kumbukirani ana ndipo anali odziwa bwino za zochita zozizwitsa za mayesero aakulu ndi tsoka kwambiri onyansa a makolo awo ndi grandfathers. Onetsetsani kuti kuphunzitsa ana kukonda dziko lako. Ndipo koposa ntchito zonse zimagwiridwa ndi buku za nkhondo kwa ana. Iwo ndi chirichonse, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, ndi mayesero aakulu, ndipo amavutika aukali ndi fascism, ndi nthawi yaitali chigonjetso. Njira yokhayo mwana akhoza kumva chikondi kwa dziko, ndipo kenako kuteteza kwawo ndi okondedwa awo vuto la kusowa.

Kuyamba

Kale ophunzira wamng'ono muyenera kuwerenga mabuku pa nkhani asilikali. Kumene, muyenera kusankha chidwi kwambiri kwa iwo, kuti anthu ntchito kumene zilembo zazikulu amayandikira kwa iye mu m'badwo. Ndi kupyolera mu mabuku monga ana kuphunzira mwakhama kukonda wanga achibale athu, anzathu ocheza nawo, komanso zinthu zabwino zimene chimapambana pa moyo wawo. Pa ubwenzi ndi mabuku a ana a nkhondo ayenera kale ena kudziwa pa nkhaniyi. Onetsetsani kuti kulankhula za achibale amene ankamenyana ndi kugwira ntchito mu kumbuyo, ndi zosiyanasiyana mfundo - za chakudya cha mkate (osati Leningrad, monga paliponse yokwanira satiety sanali) za mikhalidwe ya moyo wa maphunziro (pamene panalibe pepala, ndi ana nthawi zambiri homuweki pa nyuzipepala zakale), ntchito, umene panthawi imeneyo anayamba anthu m'banda - Ndipotu ambiri wa satini anaima pa benchi nkhondo.

Mu makumi anai kutali ndi ana chomwecho adzipangira chopereka kwambiri kuti chigonjetso likuyandikira. Ngakhale kumenyana mdani ndi akulu. Choncho, tiana kwenikweni monga buku lakuti "Iye anayenda pansi asilikali msewu" Baruzdina, "zokometsera Wanu" Kassil, "Ine - msilikali ndipo inu - msilikali" Markush, komanso mabuku kwambiri Gaidar a "The nthano za chinsinsi asilikali ..." "lumbiro la Timur" ndi ena ambiri. Ngati oyamba mabuku kukonda dziko lako zidzachitika pamaso sukulu, ana amasangalala kupitiriza kuzolowerana ndi mabuku za nkhondo kuwerenga nkhani Alekseeva, Pakati pali buku za nkhondo ndipo anatseka misewu. Ana kale momveka bwino nkhani, ndipo Nkhondo ya Moscow ndi Stalingrad, ndi Kursk, ndipo chitetezo cha Sevastopol, m'pamenenso - ndi itachita wa Berlin. SERGEY Alexeev monga chikumbukiro anakopera zimene ndinaona ndipo amakumana nawo nkhondo, kotero kudalirika kwa chilichonse, aliyense khalidwe khalidwe a m'nkhaniyi.

"Letter ku Front ndi"

Ndi buku chodabwitsa kwambiri luso wolemba Anatoly Vasilyevich Mitiaeva - nkhani za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa munthu usilikali, amene anaona izi zonse, ndi m'zonse anatenga gawo. bukuli koyamba lophweka, koma chabe koyamba ndipo wonyenga. Mutawerenga ngati aftertaste amakhalabe ndi owerenga kutchera kunja nthawi yaitali kukumbukira zotsatira zonse, zinthu zonse zimene zimayambitsa zinthu, zomwe anaphunzira nthawi iliyonse kupeza akuthwa ndi akuthwa m'mavuto asilikali anakumana kupita ku chigonjetso.

Mu nkhani za kuchuluka kwa mtengo wapatali mfundo yokhudza mtima ya moyo - ndi asilikali, ndipo nkhondo isanayambe, ngakhale kuposa zambiri mwachindunji pa nkhondo, ndi kusanthula nkhondo ndi ndewu. Ndi mfundo izi kubweretsa ana kumvetsa mmene mwangwiro anthu. Asilikali kutsogolo kwa akulu ndi kukula ndi owerenga ndi iwo, podziwa kuti nkhondo - si amunamuna ntchito ndi katundu, ntchito mumamva, kokha kuchita izo, inu mukhoza kukhala wopambana.

"The Tinder Bokosi"

"The Tinder Bokosi" Valentin Kataev - zoona ndiponso yomveka bwino kwambiri nkhani ya tsoka zovuta za pang'ono Vanya Solntsev, amene anamenyera limodzi akulu natsimikizira kuti ft - mozama, ndi chikondi chachikulu kwa dziko lakwawo, osati mtima. "The Tinder Bokosi" - mwinanso kwambiri mabuku olembedwa ndi ana a nkhondo, kotero mwaluso osakaniza chake cha wolemba wamkulu ndi maganizo, chidwi ntchito ana (yosangalatsa ulendo dongosolo) ndi miyambo ya mabuku.

Language ndi zodabwitsa chabe, ndipo amadziona mofanana - chodabwitsa. Monga kuchita mbali yaikulu ya mabuku Russian - mabuku pa nkhani asilikali. Ngakhale si zofunika, udindo wawo maphunziro asilikali dziko lawo, ngakhale ambiri zalembedwa, iwo amati, ndi "dongosolo anthu." yemweyo, olemba ndi owerenga onse nthawi zonse chikumbumtima kapena mosadziwa anakumana pamodzi ndi zilembo zonse zinachitika apo. Makamaka mabuku za nkhondo ana - mwambo nthaŵi yaitali chakale, nzeru zathu wosatha, mutu uwu mabuku Russian nthawi anaphimba.

anatseka misewu

Pafupifupi zisanu ndi zinayi masiku anthu analibe nthawi kusiya Leningrad, kapena amene analibe zochita zimenezi chifukwa chikhalidwe cha ntchito yawo, kunalibe kuwala, kutentha, zakudya mabomba, matenda, ozizira komanso njala. Koma iwo sanafooke ntchito yake yotopetsa kuti athandize chigonjetso - anakumba ngalande kudzitchinjiriza ndipo anaima pa makina m'mafakitale lapansi. Imfa Pasanapite zosayembekezereka pafupipafupi, ngakhale chimodzimodzi zoopsa. Mabuku olembedwa pa izo, nthawizonse amandiuza makamaka mafumu, za chikondi, za mavuto chipulumutso cha Mama, kulimba mtima komanso kudana ndi mdani. Zopelekedwa-mzere tsikulo ayenera kuwerenga ndi ana nthawizonse - adakali kwambiri. Tsikulo Tani Savichevoy pakati pawo. Nkhani zapadera za anatseka misewu ndi kaŵirikaŵiri kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a tsikulo, kotero mwina kosavuta kuti akapereke kudzera yofotokoza zochitika lowopsya la mboni chowonadi, chimene ndi kosatheka kukhulupirira, koma kukhulupirira - tayu.

Documents nthawizonse umatenga zambiri mwangwiro zowerengera, mwa moyo wa okhala nyumba imodzi, mukhoza kuona zimene zikuchitika mzinda wonsewo. Apa tiyenera kutchula nkhani MP Suhachova "Ana a anatseka misewu," kuchokera amene owerenga amaphunzira zambiri zokhudza bomba ndi shelling, wa icho chiri - kufa ndi njala, koma musasiye. Ana lonse nawo monga akuluakulu - anali kulowa mu attics ndi akuziika mabomba incendiary, akhaphedza mbumba pafupi kufa, ngakhale kuti akakole saboteurs amene anadyetsedwa zizindikiro ndi ndege mdani. Only mphamvu ndiponso woganizira kulimbamtima athandiza ana kupulumuka ku nkhondo imeneyi wosiyana. About kuzinga Leningrad kwambiri mabuku ana, ndi m'pofunika kudziwa kuti achinyamata nawo, chifukwa zochitika pa zaka nkhondo zambiri choonadi yosavuta ndi bwino kuti ana - shrill zitani. Kuthi ena zinachitikira ndi maganizo a zili m'mabuku amenewa, nkhani ali ndi luso kwambiri ndi kukhala pafupi, monga ngati malo yokha ndi owerenga ndi amene ali pafupi, ndi banjalo.