Cranes: zoyimira ndi malamulo a ntchito

zaka zambiri zapitazo, kukweza zida anali mmodzi wa patsogolo zikuluzikulu zamakono. Koma lero, pamene mwachangu anayambitsa zipangizo zatsopano ndi zipangizo zamakono, izo pang'ono ndi pang'ono tayamba kukhala ochiritsira. Panopa, pali ambiri makampani kuti kupereka monga zida zosiyanasiyana zitsulo, ndi osiyanasiyana ntchito yomanga ndi zida mafakitale.

Kukweza Zida: terminology

Mawu akuti "Nyamulani" lerolino amazindikira zipangizo zina zapadera, okhoza liziyenda mosalekeza kapena nthawi. . Zida monga cranes, chimakweza, etc., ali ndi cholinga chachikulu - ndi kayendedwe zosiyanasiyana katundu onyamula chipangizo kusunthira pa njanji kapena njanji mayendedwe mkulu choimirira.

Kukweza zida lero ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu yambiri. Ambiri ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito mu pafupifupi onse zigawo mafakitale ndi hoists. Iwo chipangizo katundu kayendedwe amamangiriridwa ku zitsulo chingwe, envelopu winch bala pa ng'oma, kapena samatha sheave. Hoisting cranes ntchito makamaka pa actuator magetsi, komanso hayidiroliki.

Jib cranes

Mu zomangamanga kutchuka kwambiri ndi kufunika ndi cantilever chimakweza, chimene chinapangidwa zikomo zotheka kwa kuphweka a zinalengedwera ndi mtengo wotsika. Iwo mwa mawonekedwe a zoongoka mlongoti popanda mipanda, ndi ulemu kumene cantilever unsembe munkakhala malo.

opareshoni abwino cranes mwachuluka amadalira mtundu zolondola. Tikumbukenso kuti mtundu zida kutonthoza lagawidwa:

• Mizati Kireni. Ndi mzati pa zomwe zochotsa katundu, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makampani zomangamanga.
• Wall-jib Kireni. Kumasiyana ndi chimake choyamba mu khoma imakhala olima kumene trolley chimachititsanso. Lokhazikika - n'kupuma. The mwayi waukulu - mwayi ntchito pamalo ochepa. Monga ulamuliro, mtundu wa Kireni waikidwa kuti kuchepetsa katundu chimakweza mlatho.

Crane magetsi kutsinde

Palinso cranes wanga, amene, mosiyana ndi kutonthoza, ndi wapadera wagawo kwa mpanda anthu, limene kuyenda chitsogozo kutukula zashuga kapena nsanja. Kwenikweni, njira imeneyi ntchito makampani migodi. cranes pamwamba cholinga kwa mbadwa / chitunda chinthu chachikulu. Chifukwa njira yeniyeni yoperekera katundu mtundu uwu zida angathe kuchepetsa ndalama, makamaka poyerekeza ndi kutsinde okonda ndi avtosezdom. Malamulo a chitetezo pamene ntchito ndi cranes izi amatilola kuchepetsa chiopsezo yochepa. Ubwino waukulu wa mtundu uwu zida - mwamsanga ndipo ndi otetezeka mayendedwe a katundu wolemera.

cranes Gantry

zida izi limayenda pa mayendedwe wapadera, chiwerengero cha zomwe siyana kuchokera 1 mpaka 3. m'lifupi bondo -. 6 m, 10,5 m, 15,3 mamita Boom kutalika angafikire mamita 100. Mtundu wa Kireni chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu shipbuilding munda, mmene onse apanyanja ndi mtsinje madoko. Komanso chida ntchito doko akuyandama ndi sitima. specialization awo m'malo chopapatiza, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo lotseguka.

cranes Gantry anawagawa subspecies:

• ogwiritsa (CPM) - kutsegula matani 300;
• Kutsegulaso (mphaka) - masamu pa thupi la pa 5 ndi 40 mamita;
• doko (kapu) - ntchito katundu akuchitira, kulemera kwa zomwe si upambana 30 m.

Kapangidwe ka zipangizo ndi zipata ndi muvi onsewo choyenda m'njira za Kireni. Pakuti kunyamula katundu ntchito mbedza wapadera ndi poyesa.

Ntchito cranes

Asanayambe ntchito pa hoisting Kireni m'pofunika kuphunzira malamulo chitetezo. makampani onse malangizo. Zinthu zina zingasiyane malingana ndi mtundu wa zida, koma mfundo yaikulu ambiri a zolembedwa izi mu ndime zotsatirazi:

• Ntchito magetsi;
• kuphunzira ndi ntchito mfundo zikuluzikulu waukulu wa Kireni (trolley, gallery, etc.);
• njira ya utsogoleli;
• braking koyefishienti ndi ena.

kusankha Features

Kusankha njira chifukwa pomanga galimoto Nyamulani ayenera kuganizira zinthu zingapo zofunika. Njira imeneyi chikukonzekera, mphamvu, ndi ena ambiri. Iwo Komanso ntchito ngati zipangizo zosiyanasiyana poima ndipo zipangizo. Komanso, ayenera kuganizira pafupipafupi kukweza katundu ndi kuwerengera pafupifupi chiwerengero cha osinthasintha Kireni lapansi. Gwiritsani, mukhoza kusankha Nyamulani ncholinga cha kulemera kwa katundu kusamutsidwa. Nkofunika kudziwa malamulo a ntchito cranes ndi maonekedwe a zinalengedwera. Izi zimateteza komanso kungathandize kwambiri atsogolere ndondomeko kusamukira zinthu zolemera.