Choyamba anaonekera wamanjenje dongosolo la nyama?

Mantha dongosolo mu zamoyo ukufanizidwa zolankhulirana, kupereka kugwirizana kwake ndi dzikoli ndi njira zawo. mchitidwe amafotokoza ndi minyewa - Cell ndi zokhudzana (axons ndi dendrites), yomwe transmits mfundo ndi magetsi ndi mankhwala.

Cholinga cha lamulo mantha

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mantha dongosolo anaonekera ku zamoyo ndi kufunika mogwirizana bwino chilengedwe. Development amalumikizana wosavuta posamutsa nyemba kumathandiza osati kulandira chizindikiro kunja. Ndiyamika, iye anakhala zovuta kukhazikitsa njira moyo wawo ntchito bwino kwambiri.

Pa zamoyo wa mantha dongosolo kapangidwe ndi kobvuta: ntchito yake sinali kokha mapangidwe munthu amene chokwanira zikuchitika kunja, komanso gulu la makhalidwe awo. I. P. Pavlov otchedwa njira iyi ya ntchito kwa ntchito apamwamba mantha.

Mogwirizana ndi chilengedwe limodzi-selo

Choyamba anaonekera wamanjenje dongosolo la zinthu zimene zigwirizana selo kuposa wina, chifukwa amapereka chizindikiro pakati manyuroni, kupanga Intaneti. Koma ngakhale mosavuta kusunga luso kuyankha zolimbikitsa kunja operekedwa ndi njira okhudza maselo ambiri.

Multicellular mantha dongosolo ndi qualitatively yosiyana ndi ya maphunziro pa maziko a. Otsiriza kugwirizana dongosolo zonse mkati kagayidwe Gawo limodzi. About zosiyanasiyana zomwe zidzachitike mkati kapena kunja, ciliate "amaphunzira" chifukwa kusintha zikuchokera protoplasm ndi ntchito ya ena nyumba zina. okhalapo Multicellular ndi dongosolo anamanga mayunitsi zinchito, omwe anapatsidwa njira yake kagayidwe kachakudya.

Choncho, nthawi yoyamba kuti mantha dongosolo pali amene ali mmodzi, koma maselo angapo, ndiye zamoyo Mipikisano ma. The zinachitika muja mphamvu kuti mogwirizana ndi. Pa linanena bungwe lawo mlingo wapezeka protoplasm nyumba ofunika ndi nyemba madutsidwe. Mofananamo, zolengedwa zambiri mwadongosolo Amoyo amachita ntchito iyi munthu maselo mitsempha.

Makamaka mantha dongosolo coelenterates

nyama Multicellular tikukhala mu madera, saali ndi ntchito mzake, ndipo maukonde koma ubongo. Kumachitika pa nthawi imene kusiyanitsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana mu thupi la multicellular a.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mantha dongosolo amapezeka mu hydra ndi coelenterates ena. Ndi zopezera kuchititsa chizindikiro untargeted. Kapangidwe si formalized, izo diffusely anagawira mu coelenterates thupi. maselo ganglion ndi nisslevskaya chuma chawo si athanzi. Izi ndi Baibulo losavuta ya ubongo.

motility nyama mtundu anatsimikiza akakufunsani reticular mantha dongosolo. Hydra amachita peristaltic kayendedwe ngati alibe mbali zenizeni za thupi kusuntha ndi magulu ena. Pa ntchito galimoto amafunika mosadodometsedwa aya contractile zinthu, izo chofunika kuti chochuluka cha ndende conductive inali m'mbali contractile. Kodi aliyense wa nyama kwa nthawi yoyamba mantha dongosolo zikuoneka ngati zopezera akakufunsani? Anthu amene anayambitsa dongosolo anthu a lamulo. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi yakuti mu chitukuko embryonic nyama pano gastrulation.

Makamaka mantha dongosolo la helminths

Anasintha kusintha kwa lamulo mantha anali kugwirizana ndi kukula amgwirizano chosokonekera mmalo mwa zozungulira ndi mapangidwe masango manyuroni m'madera osiyanasiyana a thupi.

Mu mawonekedwe a magulu koyamba mantha dongosolo limapezeka 1 flatworms. Pa nthawi imeneyi, izo ukufanizidwa ndi wophatikizidwa mutu mitsempha mfundo Ndi m'mithunzi kwa iwo anapanga ulusi. Poyerekeza ndi coelenterates, dongosolo ndiyo zovuta kuposa. Mu helminths anapeza magulu maselo mitsempha mu mawonekedwe a mayunitsi ndi ganglia. ubongo zinachitika - ganglia mu gawo zapambuyo za thupi zimene amagwira ntchito zolimbana. Iye anaitana ganglion ubongo. Kuchokera kwa iye, thupi lonse pamodzi thunthu mitsempha ndi awiri, chikugwirizana ndi milatho.

Onse zigawo zikuluzikulu za dongosolo si inali kunja ndipo amizidwa parenchyma ndipo potero amuteteza. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mantha dongosolo limapezeka flatworms ndi mphamvu pulayimale: kukhudza, kuona ndi mphamvu ya mgwirizano.

Makamaka mantha dongosolo la nematode ndi

Siteji yotsatira chitukuko ndi mapangidwe mphete mapangidwe padziko pakhosi ndipo anakafika therefrom ulusi kwambiri yaitali. Ndi makhalidwe kwa nthawi yoyamba mantha dongosolo limapezeka roundworms. Peripharyngeal mphete ndi umodzi zozungulira ganglion ndi kuchita ntchito za maganizo m'munsi thupi. Akhudzana ndi ndi ventral ndi dorsal mitsempha chingwe.

makungwa mitsempha nematodes ili intraepithelial, mwachitsanzo zitunda epidermal. Paudindo ziwalo ndi sensilla - tsitsi lanu liimirire papillae ziwalo zina zapadera, ndi amphids phasmids. Iwo onse anapatsidwa tilinazo losanganikirana.

Ziwalo zovuta kwambiri nematodes kuzindikira - amphids. Iwo wophatikizidwa, angakhale osiyana mu mawonekedwe ndipo zili kutsogolo. ntchito yaikulu - kudziwa wothandizila mankhwala, yomwe ili kutali ndi thupi. Mu ena roundworms komanso ndi maselo amene kuzindikira mkati ndi kunja makhalidwe makina. Iwo amatchedwa metanemami.

Makamaka mantha dongosolo la annelids

ganglion lomenyera wamanjenje dongosolo kenako akufotokozera mu annelids. Ambiri a iwo ganglionizatsiya makungwa m'mimba kumachitika kuti aliyense gawo la mphutsi ali ndi awiri ganglia kuti kulumikiza ulusi ku zigawo chomwe chili pafupi. Annelids ndi ventral mitsempha chingwe, ganglion oziziritsa anapanga ndi awiri m'magawo anakafika ku izo. Iwo kutambasula padziko m'mimba. zinthu cholinga anakonza kutsogolo ndi kuperekedwa apoyera, maselo olfactory, ndi ciliary fossae locators. Ndi mfundo amapasa kwa nthawi yoyamba mantha dongosolo anaonekera annelids, koma kenako anayamba mu arthropods. Ali ponso ganglia mutu ndi Kuphatikiza mfundo m'thupi.

Zochitika amalumikizana akakufunsani mu dongosolo mantha anthu

Chimake cha chitukuko zinachokera wamanjenje dongosolo ndi maonekedwe a ubongo ndi msana anthu. Komabe, ngakhale ndi nyumba osiyanasiyana anasunga choyambirira akakufunsani bungwe. Netiweki iyi lija iri yonse yochepetsetsa ya thupi: khungu, mitsempha ya magazi, etc. Koma ndi makhalidwe amenewa kuti kwa nthawi yoyamba mantha dongosolo limapezeka, amene analibe mwayi kusiyanitsa ndazindikira chilengedwe ...

Zikomo kwambiri 'yotsalira "mayunitsi structural munthu ali ndi mwayi kumva zotsatira ngakhale pa zigawo zosiyana tosaoneka. Lake angayankhe maonekedwe a m'badwo mphindi wothandizila ena akunja mayankho zozitetezera. Pamaso pa Intaneti akakufunsani mu dongosolo mantha anthu zikutsimikiziridwa ndi maphunziro choyezera, zochokera oyamba colorant lapansi.

General mzere wa chitukuko ya ubongo m'kupita kwa kusanduka

Njira zinachokera wamanjenje dongosolo mu magawo atatu:

• akakufunsani maukonde;
• gangilii;
• ubongo ndi msana.

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito kwa chapakati mantha dongosolo ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu kale. Lake ganglion dipatimenti wachifundo anapereka ndi zinthu reticular. Mu kukula phylogenetic ya ubongo umakhala ndi zambiri ruggedness ndi zosiyanasiyana. siteji Ganglionic chitukuko cha manyuroni reticular yodziwika ndi kukhalapo, komabe ili kukhazikitsa dongosolo.

Aliyense chamoyo amoyo - lofunikira monolith wapangidwa ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana ndi machitidwe kuti zonse ndi mosalekeza anatani pakati pawo ndi malo akunja. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mantha dongosolo anaonekera coelenterates, zinali zopezera akakufunsani kupereka maziko conduction kwa zikhumbo.