Akuzigawo ndi chigawo misonkhano zemstvo ndi mabungwe. Pangani akuzigawo ndi chigawo zemstvo msonkhano. Monga otchedwa mamembala Zemsky msonkhano?

Pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX kasamalidwe m'dera zinachitikadi mu chimango cha dongosolo ang'onoang'ono zachuma. Monga mwininkhani kulankhula mwininyumba. Mu manja ake anaika mphamvu zaboma ndi zachiweruzo, chuma ndi ndale pa yozungulira.

kusintha m'mphawi

kukhazikitsa ankafuna kukonzanso mwamsanga nyumba kuboma. Mu ndondomeko ya kusintha boma ankaganiza kulenga zinthu zimene kuonetsetsa kuteteza mphamvu ya landlords, ndi otchuka. Mbali ndiwofatsa a kalasi kunena pa chilengedwe cha anthu chidwi ndi mwayi. magulu owolowa manja lolunjika pa njira capitalist, anandiuza kuti apange vsesoslovnye bungwe. Asilikali yomaliza ya Malamulo pa Zemstvo ndi malamulo provisional ntchito yawo zinakonzedwa mpaka mapeto a 1863

Mapangidwe mabungwe atsopano

Mu 1864, 1 January, yosainidwa pa makonzedwe anayambitsanso chigawocho ndi akuluakulu a kumidzi. Izo zimayenera kuwonjezera chikalata pa zigawozo 33. Kenako, boma anaganiza kuti atchule makonzedwe zotsatira m'gawo la Astrakhan, Archangelsk ndi 9 zigawo kumadzulo kwa Bessarabia, zigawo Baltic, Ufumu wa Poland. mabungwe onse, omwe mpaka 1864 anathamanga pa zochitika za kunyoza anthu, ntchito Zemsky, chakudya mitundu, amene anathetsa.

Kapangidwe ka gulu latsopano

mabungwe a zikuphatikiza:

1. makoleji Electoral.
2. Zemsky msonkhano ndi konsolo.

dongosolo chifaniziro amatsatira mfundo vsesoslovnye. chisankho inachitika pa 3 congresses - zitatu curiae:

1. nzika District. Mpheroyi makamaka a anthu otchuka inatera. Congress akhoza kuvotera pa eni dziko kapena malo oyenerera kapena zenizeni likulu zolowa pa chaka. Last amamasulidwa pa 6 TH. Land chofunika anatsimikiza aliyense m'chigawo payekha, potengera chikhalidwe cha umwini inatera. Mwachitsanzo, mu Vladimir, iye anali 250 zakhumi, mu Moscow - 200, mu Vologda - 250-800. Zomuyenereza malo amamasulidwa pa 15 chikwi. Anthu nzika amene analibe ndalama zokwanira, nawo kukavota tidzakulowereni.
2. Urban curia. Mpheroyi omwe anali zikalata wamalonda, eni makampani ndi mafakitale, ndi zolowa zomwe zinali osachepera 6 zikwi P.. / Yr., Ndipo wina kuchuluka kwa katundu.
3. Rural curia. Komanso umakhala ndi Choyenereza katundu. Komabe, chisankho atatu gawo kuyamba mu Curia. Wamba amene anali oti kusonkhana parishi, osankhidwa oimira ndi kuwatuma ku msonkhano. Udatha osankhidwa ndi chigawo kukavota.

Kuyenera anati, monga chiwalo cha misonkhano yachigawo otchedwa. Iwo akutchedwa mavawelo.

Features a dongosolo woimira

Wa congresses onse wamba ali Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira khalidwe yekha. Izi lilibe nawo anthu amene sali gawo la anthu a kumidzi. Mu malo oyamba, ife sankaloledwa oimira anzeru a. Pa landowning ndi m'tawuni ophunzira msonkhano akhoza osankhidwa okha mavawelo wa curia wake. Pa m'madera yomweyo wakumudzi analoledwa kuvota mu mtima wa nzika kunja Curia, komanso atsogoleri a chipembedzo. Othandiza mosatsata anthu osakwana zaka 25, pansi pa bwalo kapena kufufuza chigawenga, kunyozana pagulu la chiweruziro kapena chiweruzo. Sitinafune nawo chisankho, ndi akunja ayi analumbira kwa mfumu.

Pangani akuzigawo ndi zemstvo msokhano

Mbali yachiwiri ya dongosolo unakhazikitsidwa pa congresses visankho. chisankho inachitika pa zaka zitatu. Zemsky misonkhano kamodzi pa chaka. Mu zinthu zikuluzikulu, iwo anali msonkhano ndi zambiri. Tcheyamani, monga ulamuliro, analankhula mtsogoleri wa amazikonda anthu otchuka. Akuzigawo ndi County zemskie msonkhano anapanga yotsimikizika dongosolo masanjidwe.

ntchito

District ndi misonkhano akuzigawo zemstvo lopangidwa ndi anthu osankhidwa curiae atatu pa congresses. Woyamba anali subordinated kwa wachiwiriyo, koma kusankha okha mafunso angapo. Makamaka, misonkhano zemstvo:

1. Adabvumiza kuti kutsegula kwa misika komanso malonda.
2. Kugawira mu County ndi malipiro akuzigawo boma. Mbali imeneyi ndi analembedwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo ndi malamulo.
3. mabungwe Provincial kupereka mauthenga ndi maganizo pankhani ya chuma.
4. Ife kuthetsedwa vuto la zili m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
5. Kudutsa misewu dziko ndi njira m'munda wa gulu chigawo kapena mosinthanitsa, kusintha malangizo awo.
6. Nkhani malamulo ndi kumulondolera anaziika pa malangizo a bungwe la njanji chipangizo, inshuwalansi mgwirizano, anapereka lipoti lonena.

Assembly apamwamba Zemsky adzasala:

1. Kulekana kwa nyumba, ntchito yomanga, udindo, mabungwe a chikondi mu gulu. Gulu la pafupifupi magulu 2: chimodzi a chigawocho, winayo - kuti m'chigawocho.
2. Pochita bizinezi pa gulu la fairs misika yatsopano, kusintha / amodzi ntchito.
3. Malangizo amagwiritsa ntchito akulu kulanda zomangamanga msewu mu gulu la boma pa zifukwa zabwino.
4. Pochita bizinezi pa gulu la marinas watsopano pa mitsinje ndi kulanda madoko alipo.
5. Kamangidwe pakati pa zigawo za Revenue.
6. Business kasamalidwe mwagwirizana inshuwalansi katundu moto.
7. Kuganizira ndi kusamvana nkhani ndi mavuto amene mungakumane pamene kuvomereza masanjidwe ndi Ziyerekezo kwa milandu.
8. Analysis wa kudandaula makonsolo.

Mndandanda wa ntchito

Tikumbukenso kuti lamulo la 1864 ku Art. 2 anapatsidwa mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe ankanyamula misonkhano zemstvo, koma iwo sanali kumanga pa iwo. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka:

1. Oyang'anira za chuma, mitengo ndi kasamalidwe likulu la Mabungwe.
2. Kusamalira chitukuko cha dongosolo national chakudya, makampani ndi malonda.
3. Management inshuwalansi mwagwirizana katundu.
4. Kamangidwe wa Revenue.
5. Kuthandiza pa chitukuko cha thandizo pa zachuma a zaumoyo ndi maphunziro.
6. Levying ndi ndalama za malipiro.

zemstvo

Anali ngati ziwalo wamkulu. zikuchokera awo aumbike Zemsky Assembly pa gawo loyamba la convocation latsopano. Osati gawo la mabungwe wamkulu wa akuluakulu a ku Zachuma, Exchequer, munthu wauzimu. Bungwe akuzigawo anali mamembala 6 ndi tcheyamaniyo. Osankhidwa matupi pa zaka 3. Boma County analipo mamembala 2 ndi wapampando, amene ankati nduna apamwamba m'deralo.