Mafumu a Portugal: History

Mafumu a Portugal wakukhala pa mpando wachifumu zaka zoposa mazana asanu ndi awiri. Iwo akhala akuthandiza kwambiri pa ndondomeko mbiri ku Ulaya ndi dziko lonse. Kutalika kwa mphamvu ya Portugal anali mmodzi wa mphamvu otchuka. mafumu ambiri akhala nawo zandale wa mphamvu zina European, chifukwa intertwining wapamtima achepetse.

History ndi Background

Mafumu a Portugal ali mbadwa nthawi zakale. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma chitatu, CE maphunziro oyamba palokha mu Iberia inakhazikitsidwa. Komabe, pa nthawi iyi imayamba yowonjezera Saracens ku Chile. Pa nthawi imeneyo, iwo anali oti cohesive ndi olemera kuposa mafuko anabalalika. Choncho, mwachilungamo nthawi yochepa anatha kutenga pafupifupi chilumba lonse. Poyankha nkhondo ya Asilamu otchedwa a Moor kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera mbali ya Christian Reconquista la Europe ndi udindo. Umayamba m'madera otvoovyvanie. Nkhondo imeneyi adzapitiriza kwa zaka zambiri. M'zaka za m'ma, pafupifupi ili m'malire a dziko la Chikhristu ndi Emirates, Ufumu wa Leon amalenga mudzi wake.

Choyamba Chipwitikizi County walunjika Vimara Peresh. maphunziro a anthu akuganiza zinachitika loyamba la Portugal ano. Udindo Leon anamvera ndipo analipira msonkho kwa m'manja wake. Chifukwa cha moyandikana ndi pamene panayambira a nkhondo, County wakhala kutengapo mbali mu Reconquista. Pa ndime ndi Spain, panali chiwerengero chapamwamba Ankhondo ku Europe. Ngakhale pamaso pa Nkhondo za Mtanda woyamba, apa anabwera m'dziko lonse Africa lapansi. Ankhondo ambiri, amene anafika ndi anamuperekeza wake kwa nkhondo Saracens, kenako kuthetsedwa. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chinayi, kupanduka pafupipafupi ndi boma. Kupanduka pafupifupi nthawi zonse mothandizidwa ndi County Chipwitikizi.

Chifukwa cha ku chigawocho chachiwiri kwambiri kuwonjezera m'gawo lake kum'mwera. Genrih Burgundsky, analandira dziko mautumiki kwa korona, kwambiri timapitiriza zotsatira za County lapansi. Pang'onopang'ono zimatenga ena m'manja gawo. Ndipo posachedwapa anabwera zopangira mfumu yoyamba ya Portugal - Afonso.

palokha

Mfumu ya Castile atuma anyankhondo lalikulu kum'mwera. Iye anaitana pa French kuthandiza Asilamu otchedwa a Moor ukapolo. Mmodzi wa Ankhondo - Henry wa Burgundy - zinapatsidwa dziko kufupi ndi malire. Kumeneko, iye anali ndi mwana Afonso. Pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwake, Henry anali kale ndi Chipwitikizi Chiwerengero. The mnyamata anatenga udindo atamwalira bambo wake. Koma ulamuliro wake Mat Tereza. Afonso ankachita nawo polera Bishop wa Braga. Iye anachitira izo ndi dongosolo wamasomphenya. Kumvetsa kusintha chilumba, iye anafuna kuika achinyamata Earl chitsutso zinachititsa kuti mayi ake.

Pambuyo poyera ulaliki Bishop ndi wolandira mutu wa khumi anachotsedwa dziko. Ena zaka iwo akukhala kunja. Kwa zaka zitatu iwo kupeza anzawo ndi njira kubwerera. Pa khumi Afonso amakhala Knight, ndipo akubwera mu County lapansi. Umayamba nkhondo mayi. Afonso thandizo Ankhondo ndi m'dera ambuye ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, ndi nthawi kumbali ya Teresa afika m'manja - Mfumu ya Castile.

Patapita zaka zisanu, pali kunasintha nkhondo. Ankhondo a Prince Umapeza pa Guimaraes. mayi wa wandende uja afika asilikali amene anatumiza ansembe ndi. Tsopano Mphamvu mu Portugal ndi anaikira mu manja omwewo. Komabe, kupambana kwambiri kunali kofunika kwambiri athamangitsidwe wa Alfonso wa Seventh. De facto angakondere anawonongedwa. mfumu yoyamba Portugal ndi kukwera ku mpando wachifumu. Komabe, ufulu yonse ya mafumu ndi ena mpando papa ankayenera kuti azindikire mfumu yatsopano.

Kulimbana kuzindikira

The ndondomeko ya kuzindikira ku Ulaya anali zovuta kwambiri. Inde, mu nkhani ya kulankhula kukhazikitsa ndi yamasika tsiku mfumu angakhale mavuto ndi m'manja poyamba. Mmodzi wa mabungwe wamphamvu kwambiri kuti adziwe zoti anali Vatican. Kuzindikira Papa kuti mutsimikizira thandizo la limati European. Choncho, mu Portugal tinayamba kumanga mpingo likuvutika thumba. oimira papa madalitso yokulirapo. Komanso, mfumu anaganiza potsiriza kuthana ndi Saracens kum'mwera. chiwerengero cha chigonjetso chachikulu analola kukana ankhondowo wa Tagus. Kenako, Rome akazembe adachoka wachifumu. Panthawi imeneyi, akufuna kubwerera gawo ku dziko kugonjetsedwa ndi mfumu Alfonso. Mfumu ya Portugal ati asilikali ndi kupereka atangokanidwa mwachangu. Koma wolemera Castile akupitiriza nkhondo likuvutika mercenaries.

Chifukwa ndi dziko ndipo anazindikira mwa Mfumu Afonso, komabe mu ulamuliro Spanish. Atamwalira mfumu akuyamba nkhondo latsopano. Panthawi imeneyi, Apwitikizi kuyamba iwowo ndi kugonjetsa wotchedwa Galicia. Komabe, kupambana koyamba negated ndi adani a Afonso. Monga wodzitcha mfumu ya nthawi anali wofunika boma, iyo inasonyeza dipo m'dera anagonjetsa. Chifukwa, Ufumu wa Leon popanda wolimbana naye limodzi ndi zigawo zingapo. Komabe, Afonso uliwonse pa mpingo ankaimba. M'chaka zana ndi makumi asanu ndi chinayi wa upapa a boma amazindikira ufulu wa Portugal. Papa m'malo mwa manja a Ambuye mpaka yokopa motsutsa Saracens. Chochitika ichi ndi chimodzi chofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya chilumba cha Iberia. Kuyambira lero kuyamba kulamulira mfumu ya Portugal. Afonso akadali nthawi kutenga nawo nkhondo zambiri. Ndili ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, iye bwinobwino yojambula Santarem wazingidwa. imfa yake inali kwenikweni dziko maliro. Amene mfumu yoyamba adzalemekezedwa monga ngwazi yadziko.

kulimbitsa Mafumu

Atamwalira Afonso mibadwo ingapo ya mafumu Chipwitikizi makamaka anapitiriza ntchito yake. Sancho ankachita nawo Reconquista komaso kuchuluka kwa pachilumbachi. Munjira ina anatha adzawathamangitsa ndi Asilamu otchedwa a Moor kum'mwera. Ife anayamba kumanga m'matauni ndi m'midzi. Izi anali ntchito ndi kusintha latsopano dziko. Tsopano malamulo kumene kumakhala Amonke akalandire nawo katundu Komabe, alonjeza kumanga midzi korona.

Kumbali ya mfundo yachilendo zaka zambiri mu chidwi anakhalabe reconquista. Kulimbana ndi Saracens akuyesetsa yawo mafumu onse a Portugal. List kusintha kukodzedwa mu ulamuliro wa Afonso Podge. nyumba yamalamulo woyamba unakhazikitsidwa. mzinda analandira ufulu ndithu. Mu njira zambiri, hayala ufulu wawo kutengera Rome Malamulo.

kukhwima kwa mavutowo

Pambuyo pokhazikitsa mafumu, moyo ndale m'dziko pafupifupi sanasinthe. Ndi osiyana a kupambana anali nkhondo ndi Asilamu otchedwa a Moor, ndi akazembe anapitiriza kuyesa dissociate wotuluka chikoka cha Castile. Komabe, alipidwa maphunziro a zochitika linasinthidwa ndi chitunda mpando wachifumu Pedro 1. Mfumu ya Portugal, adakali kalonga, anabzala bomba pansi mpando wake wachifumu. Atate wake ankafuna Afonso wachinayi m'banja la royals Chikasitilia. Chotero pophatikizana anali kulimbitsa ufumu malo kwambiri pa pachilumbachi. Komabe, ukwati ndi mwana wamkazi wa mfumu sizinachitike. Pakali pano, Mfumu Alfonso akufuna kukwatira mwana wamkazi wa mfumu. Koma chifukwa anakwatira mkazi wake n'kulemba m'deralo, iye amasungunula ukwati. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, bambo ndi Mkwatibwi, Manuel akuyamba nkhondo. Posakhalitsa kuthandiza Chipwitikizi. Kusindikiza mgwirizano adzakwatira mwana wa Pedro Manuel. Constanza kufika ku Portugal. Atakwatira Prince amasamalirira yambiri mnzake Inez. Pa makumi chachisanu chaka Constance wakufa ali ndi mwana.

Pedro wayamba kukhala ndi mdzakazi wakale wa ulemu wa mkazi wake. Ines amalenga ana ake. Mfumu amawaganizira khalidwe la mwana wake. Anauzanso iye kupeza bwenzi yabwino. Koma Pedro sanamvere malangizo ake ndipo ngakhale watero ukwati Inez. Komanso abale ndi abale ake anabwera Portugal. iwo kutenga maudindo a boma ndi dzanja kuwala kwa kalonga. Ndi nkhawa kwambiri bambo ake ndi kudziwa. Yambani kufalitsa mphekesera zokhuza kuthekera nkhondo ufumu atamwalira Afonso Chachinayi. Koposa zonse, mukudziwa mantha Castilians adani mphamvu mu dziko, ngakhale achibale, ndi Inez anathamangitsidwa Spain.

imfa akale mfumu

Chifukwa, Afonso sangaime zikachitika. Pofuna tsogolo la ufumuwo, anazemba anatumiza aganyu atatu. Chifukwa cha Inez aphedwe. Uthenga wa imfa ya wokondedwa amachititsa Pedro aukali. Iye wakana kuzindikira atate wake ndi akukonzekera zipolowe. Koma posapita naye. Ndipo patapita kanthawi Afonso chachinayi amafa pansi zinthu zachinsinsi. Mu makumi asanu ndi chiwiri chaka Pedro korona. Mwamwayi, iye sanali kukhululukira kupha Sitefano mkazi wake. Choyamba, iye akuyamba kufunafuna akufuna kundipha wokonda. Iye ngakhale amalowerera kukambirana ndi Castile kwa extradition awo. Patatha zaka zitatu, asogolera wakupha awiri. Iyeyo unadulidwa mitima yawo. Yotsirizira anatha kubisa moyo.

Monga nthano, pambuyo kudula mitima anakhala mwambo popemphera. Zimamveka analamula mfumu kupeza Inés mwa m'bokosi, atavala mu zovala ndi kuika pa mpando wachifumu. Kenako olemekezeka onse anali kulumbirira kuti adzakhala okhulupirika kwa iye nampsompsona dzanja lake (malinga ndi zina - diresi). Palibe magwero odalirika, kufotokoza chochitika, palibe koma pali dongosolo.

mfundo yachilendo

Pedro ulamuliro anali yodziwika ndi kusintha mfundo yachilendo. Tsopano patsogolo anali England. akazembe Chipwitikizi ankakonda kukacheza Albion. Yosainidwa angapo mapangano malonda kuti amalola amalonda kuti seamlessly kuitanitsa katundu wawo m'dziko la maufumu awiri. Pamene kukhala mwamtendere ndi Spain. Reconquista patsogolo m'malo pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa tsopano Asilamu otchedwa a Moor kunadetsa ankaona ngati anzanu akanatha kulimbana ndi mphamvu mu dera.

Komabe, kukonza bwino zedi dziko ndipo akugonjetsa kupita ku poyerekeza iliyonse ndi chikondi masewera Pedro Choyamba. Chifukwa mbiri yovuta ya akazi atatu a mfumu sanathe analenga nthaka bwino nkhondo yapachiweniweni.

Kugwa kwa mafumu a

Atamwalira Pedro kulanda mphamvu kwa mwana wake ndi mkazi wake woyamba Fernadu. Iye anayamba kulamulira m'malo wofuna. Mwamsanga pambuyo pa imfa ya Mfumu Chikasitilia iye anati zakuti ufumu. Ntchito ngati chonamizira zimakhalira pachibale la agogo ake, iye kuyesera kulumikiza mphamvu mu manja awo, osati pa Portugal, komanso a Castile ndi Leon. Koma zindikira Spanish akukana kuvomereza izo. Kutsutsa bwalo Chikasitilia, Fernando ndipamene mgwirizano ndi Saracens, nkhondo ayamba. Patapita kanthawi izo zina ndi Papa ndi osayanjanitsika akuyamba. Komabe, Fernando sataya zonena zawo, koma kuiwala okha iwo kwa kanthawi. Pa kuumirira la mpando wachifumu wa papa, mfumu anali kukwatira mwana wamkazi wa mfumu Chikasitilia. M'malo mwake, Fernando akatenga mkazi Leonora Menezes. Izo zimayambitsa nkhondo ina. Chipwitikizi kusamalira kunena angapo mapangano ndi yabwino anagwirizana kukopa Henry kuti osayanjanitsika a.

Koma Genriha Korol la Spain ndipo Portugal pambuyo pa imfa (monga ankaona yekha) Fenrandu woyamba anapempha thandizo kwa England. Edward akutumiza ankhondo ake ndi nyanja ndi mwana wake wamkazi Lisbon. Pambuyo pa ukwati wake adzakhala fambani kuti Castile. Koma mfumu mwadzidzidzi amasiya zodzinenera zake ndi kunena mtendere. Pa izi Wopereka Chingelezi asilikali a chuma chake. Patangotha miyezi isanu ndi zochitika, Fernando afa. Pambuyo pake, pali nthawi ya chipwirikiti.

Interregnum ndi nthawi kuchepa

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Fernando sakhala limodzi wamwamuna wolowa. Mphamvu anasamutsa kwa mwana wake wamkazi. Ndiponso poganizira kuti mnyamatayu, makamaka - kwa mayi ake. Leonora analemba intrigue mwamsanga wapeza wokonda latsopano. Mtsikana akapereka kunja kwa wolowa Chikasitilia. Izi zidzapangitsa Portugal gawo la Spain. Kudziwa ndi osakhutira kwambiri ndi mfundo imeneyi. Popeza wogwirizana ndi Castile zosemphana ndi mfundo za mfundo yachilendo, amene ankati mafumu onse a m'mbuyomu a Portugal. List a khama pa mpando wachifumu ikukula tsiku lililonse. Kwenikweni ndi ana apathengo Pedro ndi ana awo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo dziko analowa kusintha osatchuka. Mfundo zonsezi kuyambitsa chiwembu ndi kulanda boma. Mu eyite-wachisanu chaka kugalukira kumayambira Lisbon. Chifukwa, opandukawo anapha ankakonda Leonora. Msonkhano ndi Cortés (msonkhano wa parliamentarians). Ukwera ku mpando wachifumu wa Mfumu Juan 1. Portugal yomweyo ayang'anizana ndi ngozi ndi Spanish kuwukira. Pambuyo athamangitsidwe wa Beatrice anali kulengeza mwachindunji nkhondo.

Ndipo mantha mfumu sizinali zoona. Huang woyamba adzabwere ndi gulu lalikulu la asilikali. cholinga chake ndi Lisbon. Kumbali ya Castilians anapanga kumuwombera French. Monga anagwirizana thandizo ku Portugal amachokera English aboma oponya mivi isanu ndi umodzi. Pambuyo nkhondo ziwiri zikuluzikulu Spain kusiya ndi kusiya zonena ufumu. Pambuyo pake, Juan anatsogolera mfundo makamaka mtendere. The kusintha waukulu nkhawa kukonza mkati. Mukhale chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro. Rose kwambiri, ambiri a mzinda.

Kuphatikiza mphamvu

Nduna zonse zakhala chipilala anthu, Mfumu ya Portugal anadalira. History amadziwa ambirimbiri zitsanzo pamene anapandukira mbuye wake. Kuchokera pamene Aviz Mafumu olemekezeka zinthu zasintha kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha mlili wa kuyamikira mafumu atsopano. Duarte Mwachitsanzo, anapereka bwalo kuchuluka malo aakulu. Chifukwa, iwo ufulu wodzilamulira kwambiri. Vuto limeneli lingathetsedwe ndipo anakhala Mfumu ya Portugal João 2 yomweyo pambuyo chitunda walenga bungwe watsopano - bungwe Royal pa udzatha. Iwo kukonzedwa ufulu wa anthu olemekezeka mayiko awo. Poyankha zimenezi kwambiri sitepe olemekezeka akukonzekera chiwembu.

Komabe, mwachilungamo msanga kuwulula. Mutu wa opandukawo mukuyigwira, ndi bwalo lake mwa asilikali a asilikali achifumu. Pambuyo amene akamayamba inanso intrigue kupha mfumu ndi kuitanira pa ulamuliro wa wonamizira Chikasitilia. Koma limatifotokozera Juan. Portugal Mfumu panokha amapha mtsogoleri wa anachitira chiwembu.

Juan anali ndi mtima wofuna kwambiri ndi kudzikuza. Iye wachikoka ndi kunathandiza yaikulu bwalo. Ndinkachita chidwi ndi luso la nkhondo. Adakali kalonga, nthawi zambiri nawo thupi knightly, limene zonse pachikhalidwe choyamba. Iye anali wothandiza wa centralization okhwima a mphamvu. Komabe iye ankalimbikitsa ndipo ambiri muzochitika anthu. Komanso chionekera kwa mfumu mosungiramo chuma ndithu kuti chitukuko cha sayansi. Malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, iye anali wakhama Chess player. Ngakhale mwapadera anaitanidwa ojambula zithunzi European kwa chipani.

Nthano za njira achifumu

Mu ulamuliro wa mbiri Juan Chachitatu inafalikira pa bwalo la mlongo Henry Margaret ndi 8 mfumu ya Portugal akhoza kulowa m'banja. Mugone pafupi ndi Britain apanga zambiri pa Pedro Choyamba. Britain Nthawi zambiri pa mbali Chipwitikizi mu nkhondo ndi Castile. Choncho, kwa anthu ochuluka zinaoneka ngati kuti Tudors adzapatsidwa mmodzi wa ana ake aakazi kwa Juan kulimbitsa anagwirizana Relations. Mlongo Marguerite Henry 8 ndi mfumu ya Portugal Ndipotu, osalephera, osati konse mzake. Komabe, nthano ambiri kuwakwatitsa. Makamaka mu otchuka chi TV onena "The Tudors" Margarita pa chiwembu kukwatira Apwitikizi.

Pakati pa wotchuka "mfumu" nthano linanso Sebastian. Mfumu ya Portugal anakwera wachifumu yomweyo pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake. Ros mu mavuto ambiri. Education kwenikweni ntchito Cardinal. Mayi anathawira ku Spain, ndi agogo anafa posachedwa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mwanayo anakhala mfumu yathunthu mu zaka fifitini. Ndipo pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo anapita ku nkhondo zomenyera lake limene anamwalira. Kunyumba kwa nthawi yaitali ndinapita nthano amati Sebastian moyo kukonzekera kubwerera ku dziko lapansi kupulumutsa izo kuchokera zonena za Spanish Mfumu Philip. Chifukwa cha makhalidwe amenewa ndi anthu a, kangapo Portugal anali onyenga amanena kuti mpando wachifumu.

Kutha kwa ufumu

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa m'ma makumi awiri, ndi mafumu anali ikuchepa. Kuteteza mphamvu korona awo itakula kupondereza. Pa nthawi yomweyo anthu kufalitsa zokomera ndi Republican mtima. tsoka la ulamuliro mu Portugal anaganiza choyamba mu February 1908. Ndi kugonjetsa mphamvu ya mfumu, ena Republicans anali ndiyamba kusintha. Choncho, anapha Carlos Choyamba ndi banja lake mu mzinda wa Lisbon. Komabe, mmodzi wa olowa ufumu anatha kupulumuka. Mayi opulumutsidwa khumi Manuela. Komabe, iye sanali amachita chidwi amchigulu. Choncho, dziko zaka ziwiri kenako anayamba ulimi zomwe zinachititsa kuti chiwonongeko mafumu ndi kulengeza Republic.

Choncho inatha zaka mazana asanu ndi awiri a mbiri ya mafumu ku Portugal. Poyamba, chandamale cha kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga zogwirizana ndi malamulo a mtundu wa anthu. Komanso mpando wachifumu anali zinathandiza ndi zoyambirira mphamvu mtundu Chipwitikizi. ntchito Political zimakhala chimodzimodzi. Chitetezo cha Mfumu Portugal anali olekanitsidwa mbuto ikulu ya chikoka Spanish. Kuwerengera kwa achepetse ndi nthambi generic kusungidwa mu Lisbon Jeronimos obisika. Ambiri kubadwa lachifumu mu ubwenzi ndi nyumba wotchuka a ku Ulaya.