Zinthu zina zikuphatikizapo cyclical chitukuko cha chuma ... zinthu zina za chitukuko zachuma

Chitukuko cha chuma msika si ngati mzere wolunjika, komwe zonse zikuchitika uniformly ndi zonse. Kawirikawiri, icho mwa akuluakulu zonse ndi zotsika kuti adatsinzina mu chimango cha magawo mzaka. Chikhalidwe cyclical chitukuko cha ndalama akuwonetseredwa mu kusinthasintha msika kuti ali ndi chikhalidwe nthawi.

Kayendedwe ka chuma ndi magawo ake

Chiphunzitso cha chitukuko cyclical wa chuma limafotokoza iliyonse buku pa phunziro mbiri. nthawi Industrial kusanthula ngati asayansi otchuka monga Dzhozef Kitchin, Klement Zhuglyar ndi Saymon Smit Kuznets. Iwo ankanena kuti kayendedwe ka chuma - kusintha mu bizinesi dongosolo la zachuma, yodziwika ndi funde ngati ndipo nthawi imeneyi pakati pa mayiko womwewo wa chilengedwe.

The mkombero zachuma lagawidwa magawo anayi:

• Peak (chikweza). Mphamvu kupanga kukodzedwa: msika amapereka katundu ndi ntchito yatsopano. Employment, anaona kukula ndalama.
• Mavuto (psinjika). Kupanga pang'ono ndi pang'ono kucheperachepera, motero, amachepetsa mowa, ndi kulowetsedwa wa malonda GDP ndi ndalama.
• Mavuto (zovuta). chuma wafika pansi, ndipo kwa kanthawi okhumudwa.
• Chitsitsimutso. Yopanga ikukula, kubweretsa ndalama.

chuma Cyclicity makamaka dziko angakhale osiyana ndi ntchito zofanana pa mlingo wa chuma dziko ndi macroeconomy wonse.

zimayambitsa mkati

Zotsatira za chitukuko cyclical a zachuma kuonekera pa mlingo wa zinachitikira. Pajatu aliyense gawo latsopano si buku la yapita chimodzi: anthu amaphunzira pa zolakwa ndi kusintha pa kanthawi inai. Kumene, ndi lalikulu chikoka cyclical zikuchitika ndi ndondomeko mu dziko. Kuonetsetsa zinthu mkati kuti awonekere chuma cha boma:

1. Kupanga mabala chifukwa cha kwambiri amasulidwe katundu. Iwo anaika kufunika otsika chifukwa kupezeka mkulu ndi kukwera mtengo. Ndipotu, perekani kuposa akumufuna.
2. Latsopano zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, mkubwela makompyuta pa msika, opanga makina olembera anayamba kutseka malonda kapena Kusamukira likulu kuti chitukuko cha kumabungwe ena.
3. Monetary ndondomeko. Kumasulidwa ndalama yaikulu ndalama amalenga kufufuma, nthawi yomweyo kupanda pamaso pawo akutitsogolera kuti kuchepa kupanga ndi kuchepetsa ndalama.

The zifukwa mkati zikuphatikizapo zaziwerengero vuto, chitukuko cha chikhalidwe dera, maphunziro, chikhalidwe mu State, ndi zina zotero. zinthu zonsezi anasonyezanso pa moyo wa nzika wamba.

chikoka kunja

Komanso kungathandize kwambiri. zinthu zina zikuphatikizapo cyclical chitukuko cha chuma;

• Asilikali kanthu. Pa nkhondo, chuma wamangidwanso pa latsopano "yoweyula" - amasulidwe yolimbanirana ndi zipangizo Ankhondo a. Kukopa anthu oti ndi zinthu zina. Nkhondo itatha kuchepa kumachitika.
• Luso. Kukhudzanso yaikulu mitengo, ankafuna ndalama ndi mowa.
• Mmene zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, apa mukhoza kuyikapo kudumpha pa mitengo mafuta padziko lonse.

zinthu zina zingaphatikizepo chitukuko cha chuma mfundo yachilendo, anathamangitsa ndi boma, komanso aya za mgwirizano wa mayiko a boma ntchito yake mu dziko msika. Zogwiritsira zifukwa mkati ndi zikuchitika kuchokera kunja ndipo amapanga m'banja limene amakhala chuma, iwonso ali mwachindunji njila kwa bwanji mlingo ndi khalidwe chigawo. Zikuonekeratu kuti chuma ndi cyclical, "chiwawa" mu ndondomeko lamavutoli ndipo amadalira pa iye.

Economy Nkhondo

mavuto a zandale, ndewu boma kapena nkhondo ya dziko lina pa gawo la mphamvu - zonsezi zivute zitani kumabweretsa anthu, anthu ndi zomvetsa zachuma. nkhondo anathyola osati wina munda kwa zaka zambiri, koma ambiri zikuluzikulu ndi zowononga anatsimikizira XX atumwi. Ziwiri zapadziko lonse ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni wina linagwedezeka boma kuposa wina: anthu ambiri anaphedwa, mabomba ndi mafakitale anawonongedwa. Nzika amavutika ndi njala ndiponso kusowa pogona, popeza mphamvu zonse anaponyedwa yopanga mizinga, akasinja ndi mfuti za makina.

Nkhondo ndi chuma ndi mfundo atakwatirana. Woyamba onongani nkhonya wawononga kupambana onse wachiwiri. Mu mbiri ya dziko palibe Mwachitsanzo, pamene mu mkhalidwe nkhondo, kuti ulimi boma anathandiza pa mlingo lalitali mu zosatheka zofunika. Pankhaniyi, ndi oopsa kwambiri, makamaka nkhondo yapachiweniweni wankhanza kwambiri ndi zowononga osati kwa chuma komanso anthu eni. Pamene m'bale m'manja amapita ku m'bale, ichi limodzi ndi olusa makamaka kutchulidwa ndi udani, lomwe likukhudza mlingo wa chiwonongeko, kuphatikizapo chuma.

Mwachitsanzo Libya

Tiyeni tione mmene nkhondoyo kuwonetsedwa pa moyo wa Libya. Zida nkhondo m'dziko limene likupitiriza 2011, pakati pa otsatira a ophedwa mtsogoleri Muammara Kaddafi boma ndi asilikali a National Council Transitional. Pa atasemphana anthu zikwi 50 anamwalira zaka zinayi zapitazi, othawa anakhala nthawi 10 kwambiri. manambala kupitiriza kukula mofulumira. Chiwerengero cha kuwonongeka zachuma zosiyanasiyana: wa IMF limanena za 7,7 mabiliyoni ambiri, ena makampani kufunsira ndi kukankhira $ 15 biliyoni mafuta makampani, amene patsogolo ndipo anali breadwinner waukulu wa anthu, izo wataya $ 50 biliyoni ..

Popeza zifukwa kunja, ndi cyclical chitukuko cha chuma makamaka nkhondo, Ndizachidziwikire monga chinthu ameneyu vuto pa nkhaniyi. Ndi chitukuko cha zionetsero misa, mphamvu amagwira mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, kusiyana zida mabomba chuma wagwa pansi chitukuko. chuma inatsala pang'ono: anthu ataya chidwi kupanga, tsopano cholinga chawo chachikulu - kupeza choonadi ndi kupulumuka.

Udindo wa golide wakuda

zinthu zina zikuphatikizapo cyclical chitukuko cha chuma otchedwa zodabwitsa mafuta - masinthidwe mitengo chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1973, United States kuti ndi ogulitsa golide wakuda pa dziko msika mu cartel OPEC kwachititsa kuwonjezeka mu mtengo wa chuma. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha lalikulu mavuto azachuma mu nthawi unawonongedwa. Mu US, kuchepa kupanga inatenga zaka zoposa ziwiri ndipo anakwana monga mmene 5%.

OPEC Zina mayiko Arab: Kuwait, Qatar, Libya, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Iraq, Egypt, Arabia ndi Abu Dhabi. Pa bungwe ambiri, iwo anaganiza kudula katundu mafuta mayiko amene amathandiza ndondomeko Israyeli. Mu mndandanda, kupatula America, komanso kugunda Japan ndipo ambiri a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Economy wa kutsogolera mphamvu dziko, amene anali amadalira golide wakuda, anali wokhumudwa, chifukwa mtengo pa mbiya anauka kwa $ 2-3 ndi 15. Imeneyi inali nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri, pamene zolinga za ndale ntchito mafuta chida.

zaluso

Chikhalidwe cyclical chitukuko zachuma akuwonekera asayansi kuyambitsa zinthu zatsopano, zikuluzikulu ndi zinchito. Iwo M'malo mwake, ndi ubwino ukuwonjezeka kupanga bwino mankhwala khalidwe ndi zina zotero. Nthawi zina zothetsera nzeru chabe gubuduzani chuma pa mutu wake. Mwachitsanzo, "bomba" chinali kumanga njanji oyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Kodi mipata yambiri kwa chuma anatsegula Kutulukira. Tsopano inu akhoza kupulumutsa katundu posachedwapa zinali chikwi kutali. Yopanga chawonjezeka. Anthu ali nazo zochuluka za ntchito: pa njanji kwambiri, komanso mafakitale omwe anayamba massively yotseguka mphamvu zonse padziko.

Monga tikuonera, kuti zimayambitsa kunja kwa cyclical chitukuko cha chuma ndi onse zaluso. Ngati inu anabwera ndi njira yatsopano, limapereka mwayi kuonjezera, ambiri katundu likulu. Mu chitukuko ichi sizidzakhala chifukwa cha kutsegula lapansi. Ndi zotsatira za limagwirira wa luso, zimene mkombero panopa kutsogolera chuma kwa pachimake pazipita chitukuko.