Hyperinflation - ichi ... Zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira za hyperinflation chuma

Akuthamanga hyperinflation - chodabwitsa choopsa kwambiri kwa dziko lililonse, ndipo palibe munthu kutetezeka kwa izo. Hyperinflation m'nthawi yake "kudwala" pafupifupi m'mayiko onse a dziko, ngakhale amene lero ndi atsogoleri a zachuma.

M'nkhaniyi tiona zimayambitsa osati waukulu hyperinflation, komanso mmene iye pa chuma cha boma.

kufufuma ndi chiyani?

Choyamba muyenera kudziwa kuti kufufuma ngati ambiri.

mawu chiyambi Latin (inflatio - kutupa). Ndi ndondomeko ya ukuwonjezeka mtengo katundu ndi ntchito. Mu anthu, nawonso nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kuti "depreciation ndalama." Ndi kufufuma pa nthawi munthu yofanana kugula katundu zochepa kwambiri.

Sitiyenera aliyense kuwuka yochepa mu mitengo ya katundu wina wotchedwa kufufuma. Ndipotu, ndi nthawi yaitali ndondomeko, lomwe lili msika lonse.

Zotsutsana za kufufuma ndi njira yotchedwa deflation mu chuma. Izi kuchepetsa chonse mlingo wa mitengo katundu. Yochepa deflation sizachilendo ndipo amakhala, monga ulamuliro, nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa strawberries mu June mwina kwambiri kuchepa chifukwa misa zosonkhanitsira tchuthi ake. Koma nthawi yaitali deflation - chodabwitsa m'malo osowa. Pakali pano, chitsanzo akhoza kutchulidwa Japanese deflation koma fluctuates mkati gawo limodzi.

mitundu kufufuma

Chiphunzitso ano zachuma kuonetsetsa poyera ndi zobisika kufufuma. Yotsirizira anali lililonse mwa mayiko ndi lamulo anakonza chuma (makamaka kwa USSR), kumene zochitika izi mosamalitsa ankalamulira ndi boma.

Ndi pa kufufuma wa kufunika ndi okwanira, moyenera ndi akamakonda pazikhala ndi sizimadziwika kufufuma. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndi gulu la mphamvu ya zizindikiro. Malinga ndi kufanizitsa ichi, kawirikawiri wolemekezeka kufufuma:

• zokwawa;
• akuthamanga;
• ndipo hyperinflation.

Kukwawa (kwambiri vuto lililonse) kufufuma amakhala ndi nyamuka odziletsa mitengo (mkati zosaposa 10% pachaka). Akatswiri ena ndipo anachita amaona zinthu zosangalatsa, monga kumapangitsa pofuna kukwaniritsa ubongo kupanga. kufufuma otere zambiri mosavuta kulamulidwa ndi boma Komabe, nthawi iliyonse pali chiopsezo kuti chidzakula mu zovuta zambiri mawonekedwe ake.

Akuthamanga kufufuma ndi hyperinflation ndi woopsa kwambiri kwa chuma. Imeneyi, boma ayenera kutenga zovuta kwa njira odana ndi kufufuma.

Hyperinflation - izi ...

Kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa mawonekedwe kufufuma chiyani?

Hyperinflation - zodabwitsazi mu chuma, zomwe limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwambiri mu mitengo - kuchokera 900% ku miliyoni peresenti chaka. Nthawi zambiri, tidzapeza ndi kugwa wathunthu wa chofunika ndi chuma ku dziko, ndipo limodzi ndi kusowa mtheradi cha chikhulupiriro ndalama ya mayiko mwa anthu.

Pa hyperinflation, ndalama nawonso Kodi kutaya ntchito zake pachimake. Osati asiye zapitazi pakhala nthawi pamene nthawi iyi ndalama m'malo tsintho (otchedwa tsintho). Kapena udindo wawo ankaimba chofunika chilichonse (monga mwa magawo oyambirira a chitukuko cha anthu). Sakadamwalira shuga kapena fodya. Nthawi zina hyperinflation m'dziko limodzi ndi dollarization - pamene ndalama national (pang'ono kapena kwathunthu) amakakamizidwa kunja khola kwambiri dziko ndalama.

Hyperinflation - ichi, pamwamba pa zonse, ngati chizindikiro cha mavuto kwambiri chuma boma. M'mawu ena, ngati ife tiyandikira ndi fanizo mankhwala, si kwambiri "matenda", koma mmodzi yekha zizindikiro opweteka ndi zosasangalatsa. Ena amagwirizana zizindikiro za zovuta zimenezi kungakhale impoverishment chachikulu cha anthu, bankirapuse ambiri, pofikira pa ngongole kunja boma ndi zina zotero.

Zimayambitsa hyperinflation ndi zotsatira zake pa chuma

Osaphunzira milandu zochita maboma zambiri analenga preconditions kwa zodabwitsazi. Pamene boma akuyesera kubisa ndalama zawo ndi kuwononga bajeti mothandizidwa ndi nkhani (zolemba zina nkhani banki), zimenezi pa nthawi kumawachititsa kuti hyperinflation. Pajatu ndalama kusindikizidwa tilibe ndi weniweni kupanga chinthu. Kumene, zonsezi zikuphatikizapo nyamuka mu mitengo, mlingo umene kudzadalira chiwerengero cha ndalama mabuku, komanso ena zinthu zina.

An chifukwa ena hyperinflation ingakhalenso achire ikuluikulu ya ndalama zolowa ndi - mu madipoziti banki. Komabe, pa mavuto azachuma, monga ulamuliro, anati kachitidwe zosiyana.

Kodi chimayambitsa hyperinflation? Mwa zotsatira zake zazikulu - ambiri kuchepa kupanga depreciation ndalama, komanso kugwa wathunthu wa zachuma mu dziko.

Zitsanzo otchuka hyperinflation

M'mayiko ambiri mu zaka mazana makumi awiri anakumana hyperinflation. Nawa atatu ambiri mbiri-kuswa chitsanzo cha zodabwitsazi mu mbiri ya zachuma:

1. Zimbabwe, chiyambi cha m'ma XXI. mlingo kufufuma anali 230.000.000% pa chaka.
2. Hungary, 1946. mlingo kufufuma anali 42 quadrillion peresenti.
3. Yugoslavia, kumapeto kwa 1993. mlingo kufufuma anali 5 quadrillion peresenti.

Masiku ano, chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri pa hyperinflation amaona kukhala mu Zimbabwe. Mu chithunzi m'munsimu - chipembedzo wotchuka mu thililiyoni zana Zimbabwe dollars.

Pomaliza ...

Hyperinflation - mtundu wa kufufuma, amene ali mlingo kwambiri mkulu wa pachaka kukula mtengo (kuchokera 900 zingapo miliyoni peresenti chaka). Mwachitsanzo, mu Zimbabwe mu 2008, mitengo chakudya kuchuluka pa mbiri mayendedwe - theka la ola.

Kufufuma ndi hyperinflation (makamaka) Kumakonda limodzi kwambiri mavuto azachuma, zotsatira zimene zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kuti khalidwe linalake.