The roketi wamphamvu kwambiri mu dziko. Ballistic chida "Satana". Chimphamba Mvula

Mu theka lachiwiri la April 2000 wakhala linalowa nawo m'Pangano ndi Russia pangano pa chiletso mtheradi pa mayesero osiyanasiyana zida za nyukiliya. Masiku ano a Cold nkhondo mulibe akutukwana, choncho pamaso pa zida njira nacho chosowa yeniyeni. Komabe, iwo anasiya kotheratu, ndipo onyamula Russia ali amphamvu kwambiri dziko kalasi "pamwamba ndi mpweya" chida R-36M, imene West unandiuza dzina zoopsa "Satana".

Kufotokozera ballistic chida

Amphamvu kwambiri roketi R-36M mu dziko mu utumiki mu 1975. Mu 1983 anaikidwa mu chitukuko cha Baibulo akweza wa chida - R-36M2, imene inkatchedwa "Voivod". Watsopano chitsanzo R-36M2 imatengedwa amphamvu kwambiri dziko. Imatha kulemera ukufika matani mazana awiri, ndipo angayerekezedwe yekha ndi fano la Liberty. Chida ali ndi zosaneneka zowononga mphamvu za kukhazikitsidwa kwa kugawanika chida adzakhala ndi zotsatira mofanana khumi zikwi atomiki mabomba ofanana ndi Hiroshima. Komanso, wamphamvu kwambiri chida nyukiliya wokonzeka kuyamba masekondi angapo, ngakhale patapita zaka zambiri zovuta motetezera.

Makhalidwe P-36M2

Roketi R-36M2 ali okwana zokwana khumi ndi homing ntchito, mphamvu ya omwe ndi 750 kt. Kupanga izo momveka mphamvu mphamvu yowononga ya zida izi, inu mukhoza kufanizira iwo ndi bomba Hiroshima. mphamvu anali kilotons 13-18 yekha. Amphamvu kwambiri Russian chida ali osiyanasiyana makilomita 11,000. R-36M2 - Roketi, zochokera mu mgodi, ndipo tsopano ali pa nkhokwe Russian.

Amphamvu kwambiri ballistic chida

Intercontinental chida "Satana" ali ndi kulemera matani 211. Ilo liri matope poyambira ndi awiri gawo poyatsira. Olimba mafuta choyamba siteji madzi mafuta ndi - wachiwiri. Popeza imeneyi roketi okonza apanga ena kusintha, chifukwa mu thupi roketi Launch wofanana katundu vibratory amene angapeze poyamba, utachepa, ndi mphamvu ndi kuthekera ukuwonjezeka. Ballistic chida "Satana" ali miyeso zotsatirazi: kutalika - mamita 34,6 awiri - mamita 3. Ichi ndi wamphamvu kwambiri chida nkhondowo chida katundu kuyambira matani 8,8 kwa 10, Launcher kuthekera ali osiyanasiyana makilomita mpaka 16 chikwi.

Ichi ndi kuika wangwiro wa chida chitetezo, imene pali yosadalira pa ena onse paokha targetable zokwana ndi decoys dongosolo. "Satana" P-36M amphamvu kwambiri roketi dziko, zokhudza kalasi "pamwamba ndi mpweya", zidalembedwa Guinness Book of Records. Mlengi ndi wamphamvu chida M. Yangel. Cholinga cha kamangidwe amasinthira motsogozedwa wake anali chitukuko cha zida zosiyanasiyana kuti akhoza kuchita angapo ntchito ndipo ndi lalikulu mphamvu zowononga. Kuweruza ndi makhalidwe nkhondo, iwo athana ndi ntchito yawo.

Chifukwa "Satana"

Chida dongosolo, olengedwa mwa okonza Soviet ndi zida Russia, "Satana" otchedwa America. Mu 1973, pa nthawi ya mayeso oyamba, chida wakhala amphamvu kwambiri ballistic dongosolo, wosayerekezeka ndi zida aliyense nyukiliya ku nthawi. Pambuyo polenga "Satana" Soviet Union sizikanatha nkhawa zida. Baibulo loyamba la zida za ankati SS-18, kusinthidwa Baibulo la R-36M2 "Voivod" anayamba kupanga yekha mu 80s. Against chida ichi sangachite chilichonse ngakhale masiku ano American chida chitetezo dongosolo. Mu 1991, pamaso pa kugwa kwa USSR, CB ntchito "Kumwera" lachisanu m'badwo chida dongosolo udaikidwa "Icarus" R-36M3, koma cholinga.

Tsopano mivi katundu lachisanu m'badwo ali mu Russia. Mu chida ichi adzakhala padera kwambiri nzeru sayansi ndi zamakono. Koma muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi mpaka kumapeto kwa 2014, chifukwa pa nthawi kodi chomwe chayandikira Kulipira odalirika kwambiri, koma chakale "Kazembe" kuti. Mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso zofunika, mgwirizano ndi unduna wa Kumenyana ndi Mlengi wa m'tsogolo intercontinental mivi ballistic, zovuta latsopano adzakhala mu utumiki mu 2018. Chilengedwe cha roketi adzakhala chinkhoswe mu roketi Center Makeyev m'dera Chelyabinsk. Akatswiri amanena kuti latsopano dongosolo chida akhoza zimatsimikizira kuti tigonjetse chitetezo zida, kuphatikizapo echelon danga mantha.

Chilimbikitso Chimphamba Mvula

Eloni Musk (Eloni Musk), mlengi akulu ndi CEO wa Space Exploration matekinoloje (SpaceX), April 6 anapereka Kumaliza specifications ndi Launch tsiku dzina lake amphamvu kwambiri Launch galimoto Chimphamba kunagwa mu dziko. ofalitsa nkhani udzakhala wamphamvu kwambiri danga roketi mu dziko, trailing okha-ntchito mwezi roketi Saturn V. yatsopano Launch galimoto - ndi mwayi zatsopano boma ndi malonda imalankhula. The Launch loyamba Chimphamba kunagwa zakonzedwa 2014 ndipo kudzachitika pa spaceport pa Cape Canaveral.

Cholinga chachikulu cha awiri gawo roketi Chimphamba kunagwa ndi kusiya ya nthambi mu kanjira ndi interplanetary spacecraft yolemera matani oposa 53. Kuti kwenikweni sing'anga angafunse kanjira dziko kwathunthu yodzaza zapamadzi "Boeing" ndi adalira, katundu, Apaulendo ndi akasinja zonse za mafuta. Gawo loyamba la chombo cha limapangidwa midadada atatu, omwe ali Motors naini. Mu US Congress kutsutsana ndi ayenera kulenga mivi ngakhale champhamvu kwambiri adzatha kukhazikitsa matani 70-130 wa payload. SpaceX kampani oimira anavomera kufunika pulani ndi kumanganso roketi kukhala wokhoza kuchita zambiri utumwi kuti Mars panali ulamuliro.

Pomaliza

Kunena za zida zamakono nyukiliya, izo angatchedwe pachimake cha zida njira. Kusinthidwa zofunikira nyukiliya, makamaka chida champhamvu kwambiri mu dziko, waluso mwa kupha mipherezero patali kwambiri, pamene chida chitetezo sangathe kwambiri zinakhudza zochitika za zochitika. Ngati United States kapena Russia wasankha kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya kwa cholinga chake, izo kuwonongedwa mtheradi m'mayiko amenewa, mwinanso lonse kutukuka dziko.