Mphamvu - ndi mafuta ndi mphamvu zovuta. makampani

Mafuta ndi Mphamvu ovuta a Russia ndi osakaniza mafakitale osiyana omwe amatanganidwa ndi m'zigawo zofunika kwambiri gwero. Companies ankagwira ntchito m'dera lino, mundisonyeze processing awo, kusinthika, ndi yobereka ogula.

mtengo

m'ntchito imeneyi akutumikira monga maziko amphamvu kugwira ntchito mwamtheradi m'magulu onse a chuma cha dziko. Luso limene pali chitukuko cha mafuta ndi mphamvu zovuta, zimakhudza ntchito zachuma ndi sikelo ya ulimi chikhalidwe. Izi zinagwira chakuti dera lino nthawi zonse limadalira mlingo wa patsogolo sayansi.

Zochita za mafuta ndi mphamvu zovuta

m'dera ntchito imeneyi zikufotokozedwa mu mawonekedwe a dongosolo zovuta. Pamafunikanso mafuta, mafuta shale, malasha, gasi, nyukiliya, makampani peat, magetsi. Mu dongosolo lake pali wamphamvu mafakitale zomangamanga mu mawonekedwe a mizere thunthu, mapaipi, zimapanga amalumikizana limodzi. Mafuta ndi Mphamvu ovuta a Russia ndi imodzi mwa madera waukulu wa kasamalidwe. Chimachititsa za 1/3 kufunika okwana chuma lokhazikika la ndalama mafakitale ntchito ndi likulu mu makampani. Energy ntchito mpaka 2/3 la mipope, kuchuluka yaikulu katundu wa zomangamanga.

bwino

Iwo magwero a bizinesi Energy. Izi chiŵerengero cha m'zigawo gwero ndi kupanga ntchito zawo. Alipo nkhokwe mu dzikoli, amayezedwa mayunitsi. Ndi chizindikiro ichi adzakhululukidwa anamvetsa wagawo khala (Donetsk) omwe amapanga kutentha 7000 kcal. The thanzi kwambiri gwero mafuta imatengedwa. Iwo allocates 10 chikwi. CALORIES. Zotsatirazi mafuta ndi gasi kuyaka ndi chizindikiro 8 TH. Kcal. Kalori peat - 3 zikwi zopatsa mphamvu ..

nkhani za m'mbiri

Mpaka 90 ntchentche. atumwi wotsiriza TEK kukodzedwa mofulumira. Kuyambira 1941 mpaka 1989, nthawi 11 wakhala kuchuluka gwero m'zigawo. Pankhaniyi, kupanga mphamvu chawonjezeka ndi nthawi 34. Mu 1989, ulimi buku anali biliyoni 2.3 chinkafunika matani chuma mchere. mlingo uwu unali wofanana 20% ya okwana dziko. Komanso mu 1989, mphamvu anali kwaiye thililiyoni 1,722 kw / h. Koma kuyambira chiyambi cha nthambi 90 za mafuta ndi mphamvu makampani anayamba kuona mavuto. Monga mmodzi wa zifukwa zazikulu chayamba kutha anachita wakuta ndi chitukuko cha madipoziti lalikulu, kuchepetsa mabuku a malasha ndi mafuta. Komanso chapadera kwambiri anali ndi mavuto mwachindunji mu chuma cha charo.

kukonzanso kwa

Mphamvu - ndi dongosolo zovuta. Pamene vuto si mophweka kubwezeretsa mbali imodzi. Kubwerera ku mlingo yapita patsogolo koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopulumutsa malamulo, kukhazikitsa kusintha mu pepala bwino. Monga mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kusintha kwa dongosolo mowa ndi njira yaikulu m'malo chuma malasha ndi zonyamulira zina. Zikuphatikizapo nyukiliya ndi hydro, olimba ndi mafuta madzi. Komanso, mbali ya magwero latsopano.

makampani mafuta

Iwo kuperekedwa monga ya mizere ya ulimi wa mitundu yonse ya zipangizo ndi yobwezeretsanso. CIS ndi buku la nkhokwe imatengedwa kucheza yekha ndi mayiko a mayiko akuluakulu mafakitale m'dziko kwathunthu anapereka ndi chuma mphamvu ndipo akuchita katundu wawo waukulu. The otsogolera mu uwu utapatsidwa kwa Russia. Chiwerengero cha chuma cha dziko - thililiyoni 6,183 matani mayunitsi muyezo. Mu boma ankaganiza kuti 57% ya nkhokwe dziko la malasha, pa 25% mpweya zachilengedwe ndi wamkulu kuposa 60% peat, kuposa 50% shale, ndi 12% ka madzi. malo lalikulu chimakwirira malasha. Chimachititsa za 9/10 wa madipoziti onse.

makampani malasha

Amati ndi gawo patsogolo malonda mphamvu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa chuma zayamba upambana malangizo ena onse. Komanso, makampani khala la munthu yophweka ali anaikira. Mtengo wa katundu kupanga ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa m'mafakitale ena. Akaphatikiza nkhokwe Geological zopanda thililiyoni 6,806 matani, umene bwino -. 419 biliyoni kuposa 1/10 wa malasha molimba ncho mu dziko, m'pofunika kwa mitundu coke. nkhokwe yaikulu zili Pechora, Yuzhno-Yakutsk, Kuzbass mabeseni ena. Pafupifupi 75% ya chuma amapezeka Tunguska (2,299,000,000,000 T), Lena (matani oposa biliyoni 1600), Kan-Achinsky (kuposa 600 biliyoni) ndi Kemerovo maiwe (matani 600 biliyoni).

mafuta m'zigawo

Voliyumu ya nkhokwe dziko la biliyoni 150 matani pa nthawiyo, European ndi West Siberia beseni kufufuza ndi 65-70%, ndi East Siberia ndi Far East - 6-8.%. Zikawonongeka kuphunzira ndi% 1 yekha. Chotero mitengo otsika ndi chifukwa kuti akafike kudera, kuchulukitsa kwa nyengo. Komabe, mwa iwo anaikira 46% ya nthawi yaitali pafupifupi 60% ya nkhokwe oyembekezera. The ogulitsa waukulu lero mu Western Siberia. Mu Middle ob limapanga 2/3 mafuta zoweta. Dera lalikulu lotsatira akuganiza Volga-Ural. m'minda monga zingamuthandize ankaona Okhotsk ndi Barents Pacific.

makampani gasi

The gawo Energy wayamba kukula mu 50s Mu zaka zapitazo. Pamafunikanso kupanga zachilengedwe ndi mpweya kugwirizana, komanso kupanga coke uvuni mpweya mafakitale. Voliyumu ya nkhokwe angathe pafupifupi thililiyoni 80-85 mamita ^3, kufufuza - zankhaninkhani, 34,3. Mbali European chimachititsa% 12 okha, pa kum'mawa - 88%. Ziyembekezo kuwongolera makampani mpweya lero imakhudzana ndi chitukuko cha minda pa Yamal Peninsula.

magetsi

magetsi ankayimiridwa ngati makampani kuipidwa. Mu dongosolo lake pali mbali zingapo nawo m'badwo ndi kulanda zinthu ogula. Amaona chinsinsi mafuta ndi mphamvu gawo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti dera limeneli lili ndi magwiridwe a lonse dziko chuma. Izo zimatengera mlingo wa STP. Magetsi, mwa zina, amachita ngati chinthu chachikulu wa bungwe m'zigawozo ntchito mitundu chuma. RF ali achiwiri kukula mu dziko kupanga magetsi. The gawo lalikulu la mphamvu opangidwa amabwera mu makampani - 60%, 9% chimadyedwa pa ulimi, 9.7% anachokera zoyendera. zina laperekedwa kwa makasitomala 13.5%.

NPP

mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera lero amaonedwa kwambiri zingamuthandize mipherezero magetsi. Panopa ukugwira 9 nyukiliya zomera mphamvu mu dziko. Pa okwerera ntchito transportable mafuta. zinthu izi lolunjika pa ogula ili m'madera ndi sikelo silikuyenda ndi osauka mchere. mphamvu za nyukiliya amatanthauza mafakitale moni zamakono. NPP ankaona kwambiri zachilengedwe wochezeka magwero anapereka kapangidwe odalirika ndi ntchito zawo zolondola. Kugwira ntchito kwa nyumba sichichititsa zikamera wa "zotsatira kutentha", akuchita chifukwa cha ntchito yaikulu ya chuma gasi. Koma vuto la kuphwanya zikugwira ntchito nyukiliya zomera mphamvu ndi mawu oopsa kwambiri zachilengedwe. Chiwerengero cha makope onse ndi 12% ya dziko. The munkalowa zomera alipo - miliyoni 20,2 kW.