Stepan Khalturin: yonena, zithunzi. Chipilala Stepan Nikolaevich Khalturin

Stepan Khalturin, kanthawi yonena umene anapereka m'munsimu, amadziwika kuti ochita kuphulika mu Zima Palace mu 1880. Kuwonjezera apo, iye anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a "Union North-Russian Antchito."

Stepan Khalturin: yonena

Kunachitika tsogolo anabadwa m'mudzi. Khalevinski mu 1856, December 21, mwana wa mlimi bwino. Mu 1871, Khalturin Stepan Nikolaevich maphunziro kusukulu chigawo Orel dera , m'chigawo Vyatka. Mu 1874 analowa Zemstvo mphunzitsi seminare, koma mu 1875 lotsatira anachotsedwa kuchitila osauka maphunziro.

ntchito yoyamba

Mu 1875, pamodzi ndi ochepa ngati okonda Stepan Khalturin kufuna kupita ku America, pali kulenga kulankhula zawo. Komabe, pa njira Moscow, anzake anaba pasipoti wake ndi kupita kudziko lina kudzera Petersburg. Khalturin apezane nawo, koma sadathe. Atafika ku St. Petersburg, iye ankachita nawo ntchito ambiri osiyanasiyana kuzidyetsa wokha ndi kuti osachepera usiku. Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 1875 anatha kukumana ndi boma, ndi populists, amene anali G. V. Plehanov. Patapita nthawi, Stepan Khalturin anakumana amangotchula ndi Kotelnikov - mphunzitsi Zemsky sukulu. Last anasamukira St. Petersburg ndi nawo mabungwe mobisa. Iye anathandiza Khalturin kuthetsa zokambirana sitima kalipentala. Kenako Kotelnikov analimbikitsa mabwalo andale a St. Petersburg.

ntchito chosintha

Anayamba mobisa gulu landale, Stepan Khalturin msanga zinatchuka anthu bwalo. Pali anasonyeza talente mabodza ake. Iye anakhala nawo mapangidwe mabungwe woyamba ogwira ntchito ku Russia. Kenako, VG Korolenko mu Maulendo (kuchokera ku mawu a Aleksandra Pavlova) kuti Halturin "kwinaku analimbikitsa ophunzira ake kuti agwirizane njira ya mantha," kuti msewu uwu silingakonzedwenso. Kotala lotsiriza la zaka za m'ma XIX, ambiri a makampani capitalist anali anaikira mu St. Petersburg. mzinda mofulumira kuchuluka chiwerengero cha anthu proletarian. Doko mu mzinda atagonjetsa mabuku Russian emigre boma. Mu December 1878 malamulo ndi ndondomeko "North-Russian Antchito 'Union" anatengedwa. Movement unapangidwa bungwe ndi Meya AE, D. Smirnov, S. I. Volkov, V. I. Savelev. Society anasonkhana pa mzere 15 Vasilievsky Island, 20. Patapita nthawi, gululi anayamba kutsogolera Khalturin Stepan Nikolaevich ndi Obnorsky Viktor Pavlovich. Mu 1879, munakonda pulogalamu ndi malamulo zinasindikizidwa mu mawonekedwe a timapepala ta ndi chiphiphiritso "Kuti ogwira ntchito Russian!". Tikumbukenso kuti bungwe "Union" anali m'malo chachikale chinkawavuta - sanali phwando, koma, anthu chinsinsi. Komabe, maphunziro ake - sitepe kwambiri kutsogolo mabodzawo zokomera mwa antchito.

Kapangidwe ndi gulu la ntchito

"Union" chikuwonjezeka mofulumira. Posakhalitsa anayamba kupanga nthambi m'maboma ntchito kalasi ya St. Petersburg. Aliyense wa iwo anali kuyang'anira ndi anthu kugwira ntchito "malo malekezero". Mkati gulu opareshoni laibulale oletsedwa zake, ntchito ngongole ndi ndalama ku banki. Mu February mamembala 1880 za "Union" anatha kupanga ndi kuthamanga makina osindikizira. Iye anayamba ntchito yopanga timapepala ta. Iye anafalitsa nkhani loyamba "Kugwira mbandakucha" (nyuzipepala Chiwukirano). Basi, "Union", panali anthu 200. Iwo anafuna kuti akonze gulu lonselo, kuyesera kuti akatulutse kunyanyala ndale. Office anachita mu Helsingfors ndi Moscow. Mu 1880, gululi anali ndi chisoni akuluakulu. Anthu ake anakwanitsa kuthawa.

Khalturin Stepan Nikolaevich: chiwawa Anthu ndi tsarism

Mu September 1879 woukira boma, kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala yabodza, anakakhala Zima Palace, kalipentala. Iwo ankakhala chapansi. Ndi chiyambi cha February chaka chotsatira iye anatha kupangitsa mu chipinda kumene iye ankakhala dynamite, kupanga Laboratories mobisa. Guardroom inali mwachindunji pamwamba chipinda kumene Stepan Khalturin kuthetsedwa. Zigawenga ankaganiza kuti mphamvu ya kuphulika anafika m'chipinda chodyera, kumene chakudya zinakonzedwa ndi Alexander II ndi Kalonga wa Hesse. Inali pa nsanjika yachiwiri, pamwamba guardroom lapansi. Komabe, Kalonga wa sitima anali mochedwa ndi mphindi 30. Kuphulika zinachitika pamene Mfumu anakumana ndi mlendo mu chipinda munda polimbana ndi, kuchokera ku chipinda chodyera. Mantha yoweyula anawononga alipo pakati pansi woyamba ndi nthaka. Zinagwa apansi guardhouse (ano №26 Hermitage Hall). Pakati pa apansi wachiwiri ndipo woyamba anali arches awiri a njerwa. Iwo anapirira kuphulika. Anali mezzanine anthu choyipa, koma yoweyula mantha ananyamula pansi ndi kugonja galasi mu mazenera. M'chipinda (160 TH chipinda cha Hermitage lero) pa khoma anapita mng'alu. Lipenga anapha asilikali 11 onyamula tsiku alonda yachifumu, anavulazidwa anthu 56. Kupulumuka ora, ngakhale kuvulala awo ndi mabala, anakhalabe posts awo. Sanathe kuzilandira mipando yawo, ngakhale pambuyo kubera kusintha kwa Moyo alonda Preobrazhensky Regiment, silinakwaniritsidwe kusintha alonda logwirika, komanso anavulazidwa mu kuphulika lapansi. asilikali onse amene anafa pa tsiku limenelo, anali ngwazi za Chirasha Turkey nkhondo kuti inatha posachedwapa. Penyani anamuika m'manda misa ku St. Petersburg pa Smolensk manda. Alimbane ndi lubwe pa malo chipilala kuti Zimphona-Finns. Lamulo la mfumu, onse anali kuperekedwa kwa malipiro ndalama, mphoto ndi zolimbikitsa ena. Mabanja a anthu amene anaphedwa anali anamasulira kuti yemweyo "pa bolodi wosatha." Ngakhale chisanu ndi kuopseza adani latsopano zigawenga, February 7, Alexander ndinapita ku maliro. Supreme Administrative Commission unakhazikitsidwa pambuyo masiku 5 - zochuluka boma thupi kulimbana ndi olusa chosintha. Pambuyo kuphulika mu Zima Palace, Stepan Khalturin anatumizidwa kwa Anthu Moscow.

Kupha Sitefano wozenga Strelnikov

Mu 1882, March 18, Stepan Khalturin, pamodzi ndi Na anali nodular ku Odessa. Apa iye anali nawo kupha wa wozenga. Tinatake tozungulira inapha bala wachivundi Strelnikov ndi mfuti mpirawo. Khalturin ankayenera kuti atenge iye powonekera upandu, ananamizira ngati coachman a. Komabe, iwo analephera kuthawa: anali womangidwa ndi odutsa. Kuitana kufufuza maina ena, Khalturin ndi Zhelvakov mkulu wa Alexander III anayesedwa ndipo anapachikidwa yosadziwika mu 1882, pa 22 March.

Pomaliza

M'zaka za mphamvu Soviet Halturin anali m'gulu la boma ambiri akulemekezedwa. Lenin kulankhula bwino kwambiri za iye ndi ntchito yake ya kulenga mabungwe mobisa. Mu 1923, Kirov anali chipilala Stepanu Halturinu. Komanso, ziboliboli chosintha azipereka mu Orlov, p. Zaton (Kirov dera.). Stepan Khalturin, naitana sitimayo.