Filipp Orlik ndi Constitution ake

Filipp Orlik (Philip Orlik -. Ukr) Anapita mmusi mu mbiri monga mmodzi wa andale otchuka kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. dzina lake amagwirizana ndi maonekedwe a ukapolo woyamba ndale - akadzagonjetsedwa asilikali a Sweden mu Nkhondo ya Poltava mu 1709, mbali Ivan Mazepa anasonkhana mu mzinda wa Bendery, amene analengeza latsopano "Boma mu ukapolo". Atamwalira Mazepa kwawo walunjika Filipp Orlik.

mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro

Wandale tsogolo anachokera ku banja lotchuka Orlikov, akhala wotanganidwa ndi zinthu mwamphamvu ndale mu ufumu Czech. Pambuyo nkhondo Hussite, wodzigudubuza katundu galimoto Eastern Europe m'zaka za m'ma 14, ndi cadet nthambi ya barons ndi anasamuka anakakhala Chipolishi Chilituyaniya Commonwealth, ndiyeno - mu Grand Duchy la Lithuania. Nawo. Pulasitala ili pafupi Vilnius wobadwa Filipp Orlik. Tsiku la Kubadwa - 11 October 1672 - limasonyeza mwachilungamo chipwirikiti zinachitika a kum'mawa ku Ulaya kuti: Cossacks kumbuyo malire a dziko ndi kusonyeza kumuukira Zitsulo Turkey. Chaka atabadwa atate mwana wake anamwalira janissaries lupanga mu nkhondo ya Khotin. Czech fuko lomveka Baron anali m'chipembedzo cha Katolika koma mayi Filipo, Irina, anabadwa Orthodox. Monga zimachitika kawirikawiri, Philip anatenga chipembedzo mayi n'kuyamba kuchita Orthodoxy. N'zosadabwitsa kuti posachedwapa limodzi la m'mayunivesite otchuka a ophunzirawo nthawi zamulungu mu mndandanda, dzina latsopano - Filipp Orlik. Photo wa bungwe lake ndipo tsopano angapezeke magwero osiyanasiyana.

achinyamata

Mu Kiev-Mohyla Academy, luso la achinyamata Filipo anatsegula kwambiri. ntchito mwakhama, kulimbikira, maluso awo ndi luso kuchita zokambirana anali wofunika kwambiri ndi zaumulungu odziwika ndi wogwira moyo Stefan Yavorsky. Pambuyo sukulu ya Filipp Orlik ali Kiev ndipo ndi imodzi mwa malo ndi Kyiv mzindawo. Kenako likukwaniritsa mwana wamkazi wa Paulo Gertsyk, msilikaliyo wa Poltava, ndipo mu 698 anakwatira wokondedwa wake, zolimbitsira ake mwa mkulu Cossack.

Njira yoyamba mu ndale

Good maziko, maphunziro abwino ndi makhalidwe anathandiza achinyamata Orlik kupanga ntchito zedi. Iye akanakhoza kukhala ndi zachinsinsi za Hetman Ivan Mazepa. Ivan Stepanovich anali woyamba wa mtanda Orlik. Mu nthawi yochepa Filipp Orlik anakhala mmodzi wa anthu ambiri olemera a Ukraine - iye anali ndi famu ndi mudzi Poltava ndi Chernihiv dera. malo a trasti I. S. Mazepy analola F. Orlik kudziwa zochita mbiri. Zinali ndiye kuti kukambirana ndi bwenzi lake inanyamuka chinachititsa I. S. Mazepu pa lingaliro ntchito udani wa Sweden ndi Russian Ufumu, ndi cholinga kuchotsa onsewo ndi kulenga boma Chiyukireniya.

Nkhondo ya Poltava ndi udindo wa Ivan Mazepa

Mozungulira Ivan Mazepa anathandiza gawo la alonda Cossack, amene sanafune kuvomereza ukulu wa autocrat Russian. Chilakolako kuphwanya pangano zana zakubadwa itakula mwano ndi amwano kusokonezedwa ya ufumu wa Russia mu zochitika mkati mwa Ukraine. Ndipo Cossacks, atsogoleri ndi burgesses sanasangalale ndi zokhazikika ndipo ndikufuna kusintha kwa bwino. Ndi ndalama zawo pamodzi ndi kukhala mapulani mapangidwe statehood Chiyukireniya. Mothandizidwa ndi Sweden, mbali Mazepa anayesa kukhazikitsa boma palokha, amene akanakhoza kutenga malo apamwamba ndi Filipp Orlik. Wambiri odalirika othandiza ankaona kuti kuphatikiza yaikulu pa chitukuko cha Orlyk monga Hetman a Ukraine. ziyembekezo zabwino anatsimikizira ndi ukalamba wa Mazepa, ndipo zinaonekeratu kuti angakuthandizeni woona ndi kutsatira za Hetman za ufulu Ukraine ayenera m'malo ake oyenerera watsopano, boma palokha.

hetman

History ndi mndandanda wa ngozi sanawalole kugwiritsa ndondomeko ya Mazepa. Atagonjetsedwa ku nkhondo ya Poltava Karl XII ndi anthu ake anapita ku mzinda Moldova wa Bender. Kumeneko atamwalira Ivan Stepanovich anali hetman Filipp Orlik. Hetman a Ukraine wonse, ndipo anazindikira Mfumu ya Sweden, ndi Turkey yakumeneko. Mwambowu unachitikira malinga wakale Cossack mwambo, monga kuyenera poika Hetman mfumu pa kumanja banki Ukraine. Kum'mawa kwa mtsogoleri Dnieper Cossack anali Ivan Skoropadsky.

kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo a

Koma chachikulu chochitika mbiri anali kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo yoyamba olembedwa mu 1710. Atasonkhanitsa miyambo yonse ndi malamulo a ufulu Cossack, kutenga nkhani miyambo ya kapangidwe ano European ndale, Ukraine anatengera malamulo, wolemba wake anali Filipp Orlik. Mwachidule mbiri ya ndale mu lowongolera iliyonse ya dziko ikhale mbiri ya moyo wa munthu, ndi atanganidwa mwalamulo malamulo a demokalase.

Filipp Orlik ndi Constitution ake

Lamulo lalikulu la dziko zalembedwa mu Latin ndi zaka chinenero Chiyukireniya zopezeka m'madera 16 FUNDO. Iwo anayamba ndi chilengezo cha ufulu, palibe kukana ulamuliro pa mawu alionse - ndi kumanzere awo ndi kumanja kwa Dnieper. Hetman udaikidwa ochepetsa mphamvu ya gulu zazikulu, zimene zigwirizana ziwanga wosankhidwa wa Cossack regiments. zikanapangitsa msonkhano wa akulu ndi Colonel. Hetman anali kusankha, kutenga nkhani ya malangizo a gulu ake. Komanso anapereka katatu pachaka kusonkhanitsa lalikulu Zakudya. Izo zikanati monga akazembe kwa asilikali Zaporozhye, mamembala a atsogoleri, oimira mizinda yonse ya Ukraine.

Constitution The amatitsimikizira za ufulu ndi kumasulika kwa nzika zonse za boma, mosasamala kanthu za katundu ndi Mumasankhana. Komanso, anakonza kuchita kusintha dziko, kufufuza dziko lonse, mozemba analanda kapena anasamutsa mu umwini payekha - kotero aligning udindo wa osauka. Chiyukireniya statehood anali kufalitsa kudera lonse la Ukraine, ndi malire a mtundu watsopano anali kulemekeza mayiko onse oyandikana nawo.

Zotsatira za malamulo a

Maonekedwe chabe chikalata zili zofunika limasonyeza mlingo choonadi ndi statehood atsogoleri Cossack m'zaka za m'ma 18. Mlingo wonse wa maphunziro a nthawi analola kudalira chakuti onse zaluso adzakhala ndiponso kuvomereza ndi anthu. Koma, mwatsoka, chikalata ichi ndipo sanali zoyembekezeka kukhala woyamba demokalase malamulo a boma lenileni. Mobwerezabwereza akuyesetsa kuti asinthe zinthu ndipo sanathe bwino. Woyamba Chiyukireniya boma anatuluka zaka mazana awiri okha ina.

Pa moyo wake Filipp Orlik ankakhala m'mayiko ambiri European. ana ake anabalalika ponseponse Europe, ndi mwana wamkulu Gregory anatha kupanga ndalama zochuluka mu France nakhala mwini m'mayiko ambiri pafupi Paris. ana ake patapita zaka zambiri anagulitsa malo ku boma French, ndipo mu malo awa inamangidwa ndege dzina la mwamuna woyamba - "Orly".

Mlengi zomwezo za malamulo loyamba linatha moyo wake mu mzinda Moldova wa Iasi. Mpaka masiku otsiriza anadza kwa iye akalata kuchokera konsekonse Europe, anayesa kuyenda zochitika zandale. Koma mphamvu ya autocracy tsarist anapezanso mphamvu, ndi chiyembekezo kuchotsa munsinga za mphamvu oyandikana anayamba kuvutika.

Kufikira tsopano, mu zitunda msipu Moldova, Bender ali ndi chizindikiro losaiwalika Filippa Orlika. Malo awa anapita ndi alendo padziko lonse ndi zosowa wotchuka patriot a Ukraine.