Munthu amene mukopedwe kalekale: zitsanzo. Anthu amene anasintha ya mbiri ya dziko lapansi

Anthu amene anasintha dziko, anthu ambiri. Otchuka madokotala, amene adakwera kudza ndi kuchiritsa matenda, ndipo anaphunzira kuti ntchito zovuta; andale amene anayamba nkhondo ndipo anagonjetsa dziko; ndi chombo amene poyamba orbited dziko lapansi mu kanjira kake, ndipo phazi pa mwezi, ndi zina zotero. Zikwi za iwo, ndi kuwauza zonse zitheka. Nkhaniyi limatchula mbali yaing'ono chabe ya geniuses izi, chifukwa imene inalipo asayansi atulukira, kusintha latsopano ndi zinthu za luso. Iwo ndi munthu amene anasintha wa mbiri.

Alexander Suvorov

Mkulu wamkulu, amene anakhalapo zaka za m'ma XVIII, wakhala mwambo munthu. Iye ndi munthu amene wasinthira kalekale ndi luso la kuchititsa strategy ndi kulinganiza bwino njira ya nkhondo. dzina lake lalembedwa mu makalata golide m'mbiri ya mbiri Russian, amakumbukiridwa monga mosatopa wanzeru asilikali.

Pa moyo wake, Alexander Suvorov zoyenera nkhondo ndi nkhondo. Iye anakhala nawo asilikali zisanu ndi ziwiri, anatsogolera nkhondo 60, osadziwa kugonja. talente yake zolembalemba zinaonekeratu m'buku lake "Science wa Chigonjetso", limene limaphunzitsa achinyamata luso la nkhondo, amauza zinamuchitikira ndi chidziwitso. M'dera lino, Suvorov anali patsogolo pa nthawi yake m'zaka zambiri.

Ubwino wake mu malo oyamba ndi kuti angwiro makhalidwe a nkhondo zachitika njira yatsopano kuukira ndi matenda. sayansi zake zonse zinali zochokera zipilala atatu: alimbane, liwiro ndi diso labwino. Mfundo imeneyi kuwerenganso asilikali mtima, chitukuko kanthu ndi mphamvu ya kulemekezana kwa anzawo. Kunkhondo zonse anapita patsogolo asilikali wamba, kuwasonyeza chitsanzo cha kulimba mtima ndi ungwazi.

Catherine II

Ichi ndi chinthu wamkazi. Ngati umunthu zina zonse zimene zinapangitsa kalekale, anali wamphamvu, wolimba ndiponso anzeru. Iye anabadwa mu Germany, koma 1744 anabwera Russia monga mkwatibwi wa mwana wa Mfumukazi - Grand Duke Peter III. Mwamuna wake anali uninteresting ndi listless, iwo pafupifupi sanali kulankhula. nthawi zonse popanda ntchito pa kuwerenga Catherine ntchito malamulo ndi chuma, izo likuthandiza lingaliro la choonadi. Kupeza ngati okonda m'bwalo, iye anagonjetsa mwamuna wake mosavuta ochokera kumpando wachifumu anakhala mbuye zonse kunachitika la Russia.

ulamuliro wake akutchedwa "golide" chifukwa amazikonda anthu otchuka. Wolamulira kusintha Senate, anatenga m'mayiko mpingo kwa chuma cha boma, umene unatichititsa mphamvu ndi moyo mosavuta kwa anthu wamba wamba. Pankhaniyi, chikoka cha umunthu pa kalekale akusonyeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa zochita watsopano malamulo. Chifukwa cha Catherine: kusintha zigawo patsogolo ufulu ndi kumasulika kwa amazikonda anthu otchuka, chilengedwe cha makalasi kutsatira chitsanzo cha anthu European Western ndi kubwezeretsa ulamuliro wa Russia mu dziko.

Peter Wamkulu

Wolamulira winanso Russian amene anakhala zaka zana pamaso Catherine, komanso unachita yaikulu mu chitukuko cha dziko. Iye si munthu amene mukopedwe kalekale. 1 Petro anakhala namatetule dziko. Iwo analengeza mphunzitsi, "chabwino zakubadwa, 'Mpulumutsi wa Russia, amene anatsegula maso a anthu wamba njira Loona za moyo ndi ulamuliro. Kumbukirani mawu akuti "zenera Europe"? Choncho, m'pofunika Potr Veliky "kudula kupyolera" ngakhale nsanje ake onse.

Peter anakhala mfumu ya wokonzanso kwambiri, chingasinthe maziko boma poyamba mantha anthu otchuka, kenako chidwi. Munthu uyu, amene mukopedwe kalekale kuti "njala ndi mosasamba" Russian, uyamiko kwa Iye, ndi kupezedwa kupata ndi zina zomwe a m'mayiko a Azungu kuyamba. Peter Wamkulu anali tiwonjezere malire a zachuma ndiponso chikhalidwe cha ufumu wawo, kugonjetsa m'mayiko ena. Russia anazindikira mphamvu yaikulu komanso kuyamikira ntchito yake m'bwalo lonse.

Alexander II

Pambuyo Petra Velikogo anali mfumu yekha amene anayamba kuthera kusintha zikuluzikulu. zaluso wake kwathunthu kusinthidwa fano la Russia. Mofanana ndi umunthu odziwika bwino amene asintha kalekale, wolamulira zimenezi ayenera kulemekeza ndi kuzindikira. Mu ulamuliro wake imagwera pa m'ma XIX.

Kupambana chachikulu chinali mfumu ya chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom ku Russia, zomwe angaletsedwe chitukuko zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko. Kumene, kuwonongedwa kwa dongosolo, zofanana kwambiri ndi ukapolo, anaganiza ndipo akalambula a Alexander II - Ekaterina Velikaya ndi Nicholas I. Koma palibe mmodzi wa iwo sanayese n'komwe kutembenukira maziko a boma mozondoka.

Amenewa anasintha kwambiri zachitika m'malo mochedwa, popeza dziko wakhala akamayamba Kupanduka kwa anthu odandaula. Komanso, mu 1880s, ndi kukonza kuti ndayima kaye, enraging achinyamata chosintha. Tsar-wokonzanso atayamba mantha kwambiri zomwe zinachititsa kuti mapeto a kusinthika ndi kwathunthu mukopedwe chitukuko cha Russia m'tsogolo.

Lenin

Lenin, kunachitika wotchuka, munthu amene mukopedwe kalekale. Lenin anatsogolera kupanduka Russia ndi autocracy lapansi. Asogolera boma pa okwatiranawo, ndi chifukwa kuti Tsar Nicholas II unagonjetsedwa ndi mphamvu anayamba kulamulira, chikominisi ulamuliro wayani anakumbatira atumwi ndi zinachititsa chidwi, kusintha lofunika kwambiri miyoyo ya anthu wamba.

Kuphunzira ntchito za Marx ndi Chichewa, Lenin kulimbikitsa kufanana ndi mwamphamvu bizinesi. chiphunzitso ndi zabwino, koma zinali zovuta kwenikweni kugwiritsa monga oimira osankhika a adakali moyo kusamba mwanaalirenji, pamene ogwira wamba wamba ntchito yotopetsa ndi usiku. Koma kuti anali ndiye, pa Lenin yomweyo, pa Koyamba, zonse anapita njira akufuna.

Pakuti nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Lenin pripadaet zochitika zofunika kwambiri monga Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, ya nkhondo ku Russia, wankhanza komanso zopondereza kuwombela lonse m'banja lachifumu, kulanda likulu ku St. Petersburg ku Moscow, maziko a Red Army, kukhazikitsidwa zonse za ulamuliro Soviet ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution chake choyamba.

Stalin

Anthu amene anasintha wa mbiri ... Mu mndandanda awo a zilembo zofiira anayatsa dzina la Iosifa Vissarionovicha. Iye anakhala "zigawenga" nthawi yake. M'misasa m'munsi mauna, Soslan anthu ambiri aliyense wosalakwa, kuwombera mabanja onse chifukwa dissent, njala yokumba - izi zonse modabwitsa ndikusintha miyoyo ya anthu. Ena ankaona Stalin mdierekezi, ena mwa Mulungu, ngati mmene zinalili pa nthawi anaganiza tsoka la nzika iliyonse Soviet Union. Palibe mmodzi kapena ena, iye sanali. anthu mantha okha anamuukitsa pa pedestal ndi. Kulambira umunthu wakhala analenga kuopa chilengedwe ndi magazi a anthu osalakwa a chi.

Munthu amene mukopedwe kalekale, Stalin, wolemekezeka osati ndi mantha misa. Kumene zopereka zake pa mbiri ya Russia ali ndi mbali positive. Iwo anali mu ulamuliro wake, boma wapanga yojambula wamphamvu chuma, anayamba mabungwe sayansi ndi chikhalidwe. Zinali iye amene anaima patsogolo pa asilikali amene anagonjetsa Hitler ndi opulumutsidwa Europe ku Fascism.

Nikita Khrushchev

Munthu maganizo amene mukopedwe kalekale. chikhalidwe Chake mosalekeza zimaoneka bwino anamangidwira tombstone wake, onse mwala wakuda ndi oyera. Khrushchev, pa dzanja limodzi, Stalin anali munthu, ndi pa zina - nsogolere kufuna kupwanya mwambo wa umunthu. Iye anayamba kusintha kwakukulu amene anayenera kusintha kwathunthu dongosolo wamagazi, anamasulidwa ku ndende, mamiliyoni ambiri a akaidi wosalakwa, wakhululukidwa masauzande anthu kuti aphedwe. Imeneyi akutchedwatu "m'firiji pamtunda," chifukwa kuti asiye kuzunza ndi mantha.

Koma Khrushchev sankadziwa mmene kubweretsa zinthu zazikulu mapeto, choncho angatchedwe ndi kusintha theka mtima. Kusaphunzira anamuika moperewera munthu, koma yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale kwambiri, chifukwa zachilengedwe ndi chibadwa ndale anamuthandiza motalika kukhala echelons akuluakulu a mphamvu ndi kupeza njira mwadzidzidzi. Ndi kuyamika Khrushchev anakwanitsa kupewa nkhondo ya nyukiliya pa chida mavuto Cuba, ndipo ngakhale kulisintha tsamba kwambiri wamagazi m'mbiri ya Russia.

Dmitri Mendeleev

Russia walenga zambiri ngolo kwambiri kuti bwino m'madera osiyanasiyana a sayansi. Koma Mendeleev chionekera, ngati chopereka chake ndi chitukuko ndi yofunika kwambiri. Zimapangidwira, sayansi, nthaka, zachuma, Chaanthu - onse nthawi imeneyi kuphunzira Mendeleev ndi kutsegula m'magulu awa M'maso latsopano. Iye analinso odziwika Wokhoma zombo, zibaluni ndi Buku.

Munthu amene mukopedwe kalekale, ndi Mendeleyev anapeza lamulo nthawi, amene amalola kulosera zikamera wa zinthu zatsopano mankhwala, kutsegula zomwe zikuchitika masiku athu. m'munsi maphunziro umagwirira kusukulu ndi yunivesite - tebulo lake. Pakati wachita monga kufufuza wodzala mphamvu gasi, zatsopano zimene zinathandiza amapeza anthu aone kuti pali boma mpweya.

Komanso, wasayansi mwakhama kuphunzira katundu wa mfundo mafuta anayamba kulowetsedwa wa ndalama mu chuma ndiponso akufuna kuti konza miyambo utumiki. nsonga wake kwambiri ntchito atumiki ambiri a mphamvu wachifumu.

Ivan Pavlov

Mofanana ndi makhalidwe onse, motsogoleredwa kalekale, iye anali wanzeru kwambiri, anali womva wamkati ndiponso yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale. Ivan Pavlov ntchito mwakhama zatsopano wake nyama, kuyesera kuti asonyeze mbali wamba moyo zamoyo, kuphatikizapo anthu.

Pavlov anatha kutsimikizira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mathero mitsempha dongosolo mtima. Chimaonekera momwe mitsempha vagus akhoza zonse magazi. Koma chakudya chinali anatulukira ntchito ubongo, zomwe ndi chikoka pa ndondomeko ya kusinthika mitsempha ndi minofu mapangidwe.

Kenako ananyamula Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa pa mundawo m'mimba, chifukwa mu analandira Nobel Prize mu 1904. Kupambana chachikulu akuti ndi kuphunzira ubongo, ntchito apamwamba mantha, bongo wabwino ndi otchedwa anthu dongosolo alamu. ntchito zake chinadzakhala maziko a ziphunzitso zambiri mu mankhwala.

Mikhail Lomonosov

Iye anakhala ndi ntchito mu ulamuliro wa Petra Velikogo. Ndime anaikidwa pa chitukuko cha maphunziro ndi kuzindikira, ndipo woyamba Russian Academy of Sciences analengedwa, imene Lomonosov nthawi zambiri masiku ake. Iye anali m'mphawi yosavuta, anakhoza kuwuka kwa pamwamba zosaneneka, anathamanga ndi wapamwamba ndi kukhala wasayansi, ulemerero njira kukuchitika masiku ano.

Iye anali ndi chidwi zonse zimene zikukhudzana ndi sayansi zimapangidwira. Otsiriza anafuna kumasula ku zochita za mankhwala ndi mankhwala. Zinali kumuyamikila kuti masiku ano thupi umagwirira sayansi ndinabadwa ndipo anayamba mwachangu. Komanso, iye anali lotanthauzira mawu wotchuka, anaphunzira mbiri ndi analemba amafotokoza. Peter Wamkulu, iye ankaganiza wolamulira abwino, mwininkhani chitukuko cha dziko. Ntchito zawo sayansi, iye anafotokoza kuti nyemba za maganizo, lomwe linasintha mbiri natembenukira lingaliro la dongosolo la ntchitoyi. Achita Lomonosov ku yunivesite woyamba Russia a anakhazikitsidwa - Moscow. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anayamba maphunziro apamwamba.

Yuri Gagarin

Anthu amene mukopedwe kalekale ... mndandanda The N'zovuta kulingalira popanda Yuri Gagarin, munthu amene anagonjetsa danga. danga nyenyezi anthu ambiri kwa zaka zambiri, koma Mu zaka zapitazo, anthu anayamba chitukuko. Pa nthawi imeneyo munali kale bwino anayamba maziko luso ndege amenewa.

Space Age zinali zodzaza ndi mpikisano pakati Soviet Union ndi United States. Atsogoleri a maiko chimphona ndayesera kuti aonetse mphamvu zawo ndi ukulu, ndi danga anali mmodzi mwa njira yabwino zikutiuza. Pakati pa XX m'ma kupikisana pa amene adzatumiza munthu mu kanjira. Mu mpikisano umenewu, ankamukonda USSR. Ife tonse tikudziwa tsiku mbendera kuyambira ku sekondale: April 12, 1961, wokayenda pamwezi woyamba anatera kanjira, komwe anakhala mphindi 108. khalidwe weneyu Yuri Gagarin. Tsiku pambuyo ulendo wake ku malo, iye anatchuka kwambiri padziko lonse. Ngakhale, zodabwitsa, iye sankadziona kuti ndi lalikulu. Gagarin Ndi zoziwika bwino kuti pa ola ndi theka adalibe nthawi ngakhale kumvetsa zimene zidzamchitikira nanga maganizo ake pa nthawi yomweyo.

Alexander Pushkin

Njirayi imatchedwa "dzuwa andakatulo Russian". Iye anali kalekale ngati chizindikiro dziko la Russia, ankalikonda, ndakatulo ndi prose amakondedwa kwambiri ndi kulemekezedwa. Ndipo osati maiko a Soviet Union, komanso dziko lonse lapansi. Pafupifupi mudzi uliwonse mu Russia pali msewu, lalikulu kapena lalikulu dzina la Aleksandra Pushkina. Ana amaphunzira pa sukulu, ntchito yake, kuthera iye yekha nthawi ya sukulu ndipo pambuyo sukulu ndi mu mawonekedwe a madzulo thematic zolembalemba.

Munthu uyu analenga wogwirizana ndakatulo, kuti Palibenso dziko. Ndi luso lake anayamba mabuku atsopano ndi Mitundu zake zonse - kuchokera ndakatulo kuti masewero zisudzo. Pushkin kuwerenga mpweya umodzi. Iye ali olondola, rhythmic mizere, iwo analoweza mwamsanga ndipo mosavuta ikamawerengedwa. Ngati tikambirana kwambiri lithandize munthu, mphamvu zake za khalidwe ndi kuya mkati pachimake, akhoza kunena kuti ndi chinthu munthu amene mukopedwe kalekale. Iye akhapfundzisa anthu kulankhula mu Russian mu kutanthauzira yake yamakono.

Chiwerengerochi zina za mbiri yakale

Pali zambiri zimene mungalembe onse m'nkhani imodzi sadzapambana. Nazi zitsanzo za mbali yaing'ono ya atsogoleri Russian, amene asintha mbiri. Ndipo angati zambiri pali ena? Izi Gogol ndi Dostoevsky ndi Tolstoy. Tikaona pomwe yachilendo, tisaiwale akale ofufuza nzeru za Aristotle ndi Plato; Wojambula: Leonardo da Vinci, Picasso, Monet; geographers ndi dziko otulukira: Magellan, Cook ndi Columbus; Asayansi: Galileo ndi Newton; andale: Thatcher, Kennedy ndi Hitler; Woyamba: Bell ndi Edison.

Anthu onsewa anatha sanasiyiretu dziko chadodolido, kulenga malamulo awo, ndi asayansi atulukira. Ena mwa iwo anapanga dziko malo abwino, ndi wina silinawonongedwe. Mulimonsemo, mayina awo kwa munthu aliyense pa dziko lapansili ndi kuzindikira kuti moyo wathu adzakhala chosiyana popanda anthu awa. Kuwerenga biographies wa anthu otchuka, timapeza mafano, ndi zomwe mukufuna kutenga chitsanzo ndi kukhala mu ntchito zake komanso zochita.